Remove
PageflipFlap.com
<div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> reforms, made up of local and foreign<br /> experts. Implementation of<br /> the recommendations of the commission<br /> has begun in earnest. Foremost<br /> is the setting up of a reformsimplementation<br /> mechanism within<br /> the Police Force. The total cost for<br /> implementation of the reform package<br /> is Sh81.4 billion ($1.1 billion)<br /> over four years.<br /> The Government will fund 63 per<br /> cent of the reform budget (Sh51.4<br /> billion or $683.3 million), and seek<br /> the remaining 37 per cent (Sh30<br /> billion ($400 million) from development<br /> partners. More than 70 per<br /> cent of the reforms recommended<br /> by the presidential commission<br /> were in the Kenya Police Force Five-<br /> Year Strategic Plan drawn in 2004.<br /> Police ranks<br /> • Commissioner of Police<br /> • Senior Deputy<br /> Commissioner of<br /> Police I<br /> • Senior Deputy Commissioner<br /> of Police II<br /> • Deputy Commissioner<br /> of Police<br /> • Senior Assistant Commissioner<br /> of Police<br /> • Assistant Commissioner<br /> of Police<br /> • Senior Superintendent<br /> of Police<br /> • Superintendent of<br /> Police<br /> • Acting Superintendent<br /> of Police<br /> • Chief Inspector<br /> • Inspector<br /> • Acting Inspector<br /> • Senior Sergeant<br /> • Sergeant<br /> • Corporal<br /> • Constable<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 408<br /> Anti-crime strategies<br /> For Kenya to wage a successful fight<br /> against crime, and ensure safety and<br /> security for her citizens as well visitors,<br /> a 10-point approach has been<br /> devised:<br /> • Early intervention to prevent<br /> crime by enhancing intelligence<br /> gathering capacity<br /> • Expedited investigation and<br /> prosecution of cases<br /> • Proactive security operations<br /> in crime-prone areas, especially<br /> border posts and other perennial<br /> or occasional hotspots<br /> • Encouraging communal policing<br /> where citizens work with the formal<br /> security apparatus towards<br /> detection and combating crime.<br /> • Training and acquisition of mod-<br /> www.scribd.com/<br /> Kenya Police<br /> ern technology on forensic investigation<br /> and analysis.<br /> • Enhanced surveillance on<br /> ground, air and the seas.<br /> • Enhanced working relationship<br /> with rehabilitated criminals<br /> • Increased security visibility during<br /> construction and even distribution<br /> of security installations<br /> throughout the country<br /> • Increased morale for law<br /> enforcement officers, including<br /> raise in salaries and allowances,<br /> constant training and retraining,<br /> and better equipment</div> <div>Hillary Ojiambo<br /> Prof Ojiambo was a pioneer African<br /> cardiologist. He founded the Kenya<br /> Hypertension League in March<br /> 1995, of which he was the president.<br /> At regional and global levels,<br /> Ojiambo distinguished himself in<br /> medical education. His 40-year<br /> medical career was devoted to five<br /> major areas:<br /> • Clinical medicine and the epidemiology<br /> of disease<br /> • Clinical and experimental studies<br /> on cardiomyopathies<br /> • Public awareness of and protection<br /> against health problems in<br /> Africa, especially cardiovascular<br /> diseases<br /> • Public education and information<br /> on good health<br /> • Management improvement for<br /> public health administration<br /> Ojiambo published over 250<br /> manuscripts on cardiology, hypertension,<br /> general medicine and public<br /> health. When he died in 1992, the<br /> international and local community<br /> expressed regret at the loss of a “distinguished<br /> physician, pioneer cardiologist,<br /> innovative researcher and<br /> astute public health administrator”.<br /> Omu Anzala<br /> Dr Anzala is an associate professor<br /> at the University of Nairobi’s Department<br /> of Medical Microbiology, and<br /> programme director at KAVI. He<br /> is overseeing several HIV epidemiology<br /> studies at KAVI, including<br /> research to evaluate immunologic<br /> and viral markers of recently<br /> infected individuals. Under his coleadership,<br /> KAVI has conducted<br /> five early-stage clinical trials on Aids<br /> vaccine candidates in collaboration<br /> with the International Aids Vaccine<br /> Initiative (IAVI).<br /> Anzala graduated with a medical<br /> degree from the University of Nairobi<br /> in 1986, and a PhD in virology<br /> from the University of Manitoba,<br /> Canada, in 1996. He then studied<br /> postdoctoral work in molecular<br /> immunology at Oxford University<br /> in UK.<br /> His research on sexually transmitted<br /> infections started in the 1980s,<br /> working with commercial sex workers<br /> in the Majengo slum of Nairobi.<br /> This led to the design of one of the<br /> first Aids vaccine candidates to<br /> reach human trials — the DNA-MVA<br /> vaccine.<br /> Anzala holds a diploma in epidemiology<br /> from Tufts University<br /> and certificates in Good Laboratory<br /> Practice, Ethical Aspects of Clinical<br /> Research, Experimental Epidemiology<br /> and Bioethics. He is the author<br /> of nearly 30 scientific publications.<br /> Andrew Rasugu Riechi<br /> He is a research fellow in the Social<br /> Sector Programme. He holds a BEd<br /> degree in economics and business<br /> studies from the University<br /> of Nairobi, MEd (economics of<br /> education) degree from Kenyatta<br /> University and a PhD (economics<br /> of education) from Jawaharlal<br /> Nehru University in India. His main<br /> research interests are in educational<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 921</div> <div>with cow hide. In the middle —<br /> between the two sleeping quarters<br /> — is the fireplace. There’s a side<br /> room for the calves.<br /> Towards the river are huge<br /> boulders and from there herds of<br /> impalas can be seen browsing and<br /> as they pass by the sacred fig tree<br /> which is used for prayers and sacrifice<br /> to the gods.<br /> French Cultural Centre<br /> Alliance Française was founded in<br /> 1883 in Paris by renowned humanists<br /> such as Louis Pasteur and Jules<br /> Verne to reinforce friendship and<br /> solidarity between peoples through<br /> the promotion of the French language<br /> and cultural projects.<br /> The international network of Alliance<br /> Française comprises 1,062<br /> not-for-profit institutions in 132<br /> countries, which operate under<br /> local legislation and are managed by<br /> a board of prominent personalities<br /> in each country. Alliance Française<br /> de Nairobi was founded in 1949 and<br /> is the largest on the African continent<br /> with more than 4,000 students<br /> attending French language courses<br /> every year and a wide range of cultural<br /> events — exhibitions, concerts,<br /> festivals and films — organised in<br /> the premises.<br /> It is supported by the French<br /> Embassy in Kenya to implement<br /> cultural, artistic and educational<br /> cooperation projects. Alliance Française<br /> provides an excellent learning<br /> environment for students pursuing<br /> higher studies in France and benefit<br /> from a high standard of academic<br /> education. Foreign students in<br /> France also benefit from subsidised<br /> education costs as French nationals.<br /> Goethe Institut<br /> It is the cultural institute of the<br /> Federal Republic of Germany. It<br /> promotes knowledge of German<br /> abroad and fosters international<br /> cultural cooperation. Through<br /> institutes, centres, cultural societies,<br /> reading rooms and language learning<br /> centres, it promotes cultural<br /> and educational policy abroad. The<br /> institute works with public and private<br /> cultural bodies, German federal<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 127</div> <div>progression. Talent-based human resource<br /> management has been implemented with<br /> emphasis on performance skills-based pay,<br /> performance-related promotion and fasttracking<br /> of careers of the best performers.<br /> To achieve this, the Government has started<br /> a Training Loan Revolving Fund. Civil servants<br /> get loans to pay for advanced professional<br /> training. This has enhanced skills and<br /> competencies. To boost the level of skills in<br /> the public service, a recruitment and training<br /> policy to attract talent from the private<br /> and public sectors has been implemented.<br /> Close to 5,000 staff have left the private sector<br /> for Government employment, a clear<br /> indications of the good terms of service the<br /> Government offers.<br /> The Contributory Pension Scheme has<br /> been introduced and the retirement age<br /> raised from 55 to 60. Similarly, a comprehensive<br /> medical insurance scheme is in the<br /> offing. It will replace the current system of<br /> paying monthly medical allowances.<br /> Government ministries and departments<br /> have set targets and timelines by which certain<br /> services should be offered. For example,<br /> Kenyans should get passports 10 days after<br /> applications and birth or death certificates<br /> four days later in Nairobi and one day in the<br /> districts. (See chapter on Immigration)<br /> Salaries and allowances for public servants<br /> have risen as the Government ensures<br /> that its employees are well catered for so<br /> that they can be as productive as possible.<br /> See table below<br /> Salaries Increase<br /> Job Group 2004 2009<br /> (Minimum) (Minimum)<br /> A 3,310 7,619<br /> B 3,310 8,039<br /> C 3,310 8,259<br /> D 3,310 8,819<br /> E 3,720 9,721<br /> F 4,240 10,717<br /> G 5,340 13,733<br /> H 7,090 16,692<br /> J 8,500 21,304<br /> K 9,925 26,323<br /> L 11,690 30,472<br /> M 14,210 35,275<br /> N 16,190 40,835<br /> P 18,005 63,782<br /> Q 20,485 77,527<br /> R 23,100 94,235<br /> S 25,265 100,620<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 453</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 432<br /> ing Vehicles (AFVs). Courses on<br /> offer include squadron commanders<br /> course, troop commanders,<br /> regimental gunnery, skill at arms,<br /> platoon sergeants missile operator.<br /> 66 Artillery Battalion<br /> The decision to form an Artillery<br /> unit was mooted in 1964, but was<br /> not implemented until November<br /> 29, 1966 when the first Artillery<br /> Battery was formed, comprising<br /> 120mm Tampella Mortars.<br /> The main armament was<br /> acquired from Israel and the first<br /> firing was done atop the Menengai<br /> Crater. This first Artillery Battery<br /> was known as First Mortar Battery.<br /> Light Armoured Squadron and First<br /> Parachute Company formed what<br /> was then known as Support Battalion.<br /> In 1975, more mortars were<br /> acquired, leading to the formation<br /> of C troop. The first Commanding<br /> Officer of 66 Artillery Battalion was<br /> Lt-Colonel Daudi Tonje (later CGS).<br /> 75 Artillery Battalion<br /> The name 75 is for the year the first<br /> air defence guns were acquired.</div> <div>Supermarket business<br /> Nakumatt and Tuskys are<br /> leaders in the retail market<br /> business. Nakumatt opened<br /> its first store in 1987 and<br /> has 26 outlets now. It has<br /> expanded to Rwanda and<br /> Uganda. Tuskys, the second<br /> largest retailer, re-branded<br /> from Tusker Mattresses to<br /> Tuskys, a transformation<br /> from a family business to<br /> a corporate entity. It has<br /> expanded from Nairobi to<br /> Thika, Athi River, Rongai and<br /> Kisumu. Uchumi Supermarkets<br /> has had financial problems.<br /> When it was about to<br /> collapse, the Government<br /> moved in and drew up a<br /> rescue plan that saw Uchumi<br /> open its doors to customers<br /> again. Kenya has many other<br /> but smaller retail outlets<br /> found in Nairobi and other<br /> towns and estates. Due to<br /> the success of local retailers,<br /> foreign players have shown<br /> interest.<br /> www.fastmoving.co.za/<br /> kenya retail sector<br /> 2007, the deficit was Sh330.4 billion ($4.13<br /> billion). In 2009, domestic exports grew<br /> marginally by 0.3 per cent, while re-exports<br /> declined by 4.1 per cent. Total imports grew<br /> by 2.3 per cent compared to a 27.4 per cent<br /> in 2008. This resulted in the volume of trade<br /> growing by 1.6 per cent compared to 26.8<br /> per cent in 2008. The low volume of trade is<br /> attributed to reduced aggregate demand in<br /> the main trading partners.<br /> Tea, coffee, horticultural products and<br /> apparels and clothing accessories were the<br /> leading export earners, collectively accounting<br /> for 50.5 per cent of the total domestic<br /> export earnings.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 759</div> <div>Economy, Nairobi Metropolitan Finance and Planning<br /> Nairobi Metropolitan<br /> City Council<br /> County councils:<br /> • Thika<br /> • Kiambu<br /> • Masaku<br /> • Ol Kejuado<br /> Municipal councils:<br /> • Thika<br /> • Mavoko<br /> • Ruiru<br /> • Machakos<br /> • Limuru<br /> • Kiambu<br /> Town Councils:<br /> • Karuri<br /> • Kajiado<br /> • Kikuyu<br /> • Tala<br /> www.nairobimetro.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 840<br /> branding means making the Nairobi<br /> Metropolitan Region the place of<br /> choice for people to live, work, rest<br /> and invest. This also involves creating<br /> a unique urban design and landscaping<br /> strategy. Ensuring a safe and<br /> secure region requires that crime<br /> and disasters are reduced.<br /> The plan aims to build a robust,<br /> internationally competitive,<br /> dynamic and inclusive economy<br /> and develop world-class infrastructure<br /> to support development,<br /> sustain wealth and quality of life<br /> of for residents and investors. The<br /> ministry has crafted a work plan to<br /> guide construction and expansion<br /> of amenities such as roads, sewers,<br /> housing and garbage collection.<br /> To decongest Nairobi, the metropolitan<br /> strategy proposes to create<br /> satellite towns — Kiambu, Limuru,<br /> Machakos, Mavoko, Ruiru, Thika,<br /> Kajiado, Karuri, Kikuyu, Kangundo,<br /> Masaku and Nairobi itself.<br /> Programmes<br /> Street and property address<br /> This is a initiative among Government<br /> ministries and agencies —<br /> Local Government, Lands, police,<br /> Nairobi Metropolitan Development</div> <div>Economy, Nairobi Metropolitan Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 844<br /> City in a city<br /> Jomo Kenyatta International<br /> Airport is 15km from Nairobi’s<br /> Central Business District.<br /> The Mombasa highway runs<br /> adjacent to the airport and<br /> is the main route of access<br /> between Nairobi<br /> Plans to have an airport city<br /> at Jomo Kenyatta International<br /> Airport are at an advanced<br /> stage. It should have<br /> the following facilities:<br /> A logistic park<br /> Bonded port<br /> International expo centre<br /> Industrial and technology<br /> park<br /> Residential facilities<br /> Stronger banking operations<br /> at the airport<br /> Speed up airport infrastructure<br /> and system upgrading<br /> www.airport-technology.com<br /> up to other partners in the private sector. The<br /> ministry will lay the bulk infrastructure and<br /> install networks on strategic public places.<br /> Property owners are then expected to connect<br /> their premises, install their internal networks<br /> and provide cameras on site.<br /> Projects<br /> The road expansion project entails dual<br /> carriageways and non-motorised transport<br /> facilities:<br /> On Commercial Street in Industrial Area<br /> and Lower Hill Road<br /> On First Avenue Eastleigh, provision of nonmotorised<br /> transport facilities is on course. A<br /> 3km walkway to Juja Road is under construction.</div> <div>Justice and correctional services<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 814<br /> Magistrate, Principal Magistrate<br /> or an advocate of at least 10 years<br /> standing. The procedure is similar<br /> to that of a criminal court.<br /> Children’s courts<br /> They are constituted for hearing<br /> charges against children (except<br /> for a charge of murder) or when<br /> children are charged with a person<br /> or people above the age of 18.<br /> But adults who are accused of an<br /> offence under the Children’s Act are<br /> also tried in Children’s Court.<br /> During the hearing, only officers<br /> of the court, the parties (those<br /> involved) to a dispute, advocates,<br /> witnesses, those directly concerned,<br /> parents or guardians and journalists<br /> are allowed to be present.<br /> Tribunals<br /> They are institutions created to<br /> help courts in the administration<br /> of justice. This is supposed to ease<br /> the burden in the courts. Tribunals,<br /> however, do not have penal jurisdiction.<br /> Administration tribunals<br /> They are set up by law to adjudicate<br /> disputes that arise out of the statutes<br /> creating them. They deal with the<br /> administration and enforcement of<br /> the Act concerned.<br /> For example, the Rent Tribunal<br /> determines questions arising out<br /> of the Administration and Rent<br /> Restriction Act and the Business<br /> Rent Tribunal, which deal with controlled<br /> commercial tenancy.<br /> Inquiry tribunals<br /> They are full-scale inquiries dealing<br /> with urgent matters of public<br /> importance. For example, an inquiry<br /> tribunal may be set up to investigate<br /> corruption, mishandling of issues<br /> and improper conduct of public<br /> officers.<br /> Domestic tribunals<br /> They are set up by private organisations<br /> for administration purposes,<br /> settling disputes and exercising<br /> disciplinary control of members a<br /> professional group. Jurisdiction is,<br /> therefore, contractual and limited by<br /> rules or regulations, which comprise<br /> the terms of the contract. Other<br /> tribunals include: Energy, Environmental,<br /> Teachers Service, Land Dispute,<br /> Capital Markets, Water Appeal<br /> and Cooperative, among others.<br /> Judicial Service Commission<br /> In the new Constitution, it consists<br /> of 11 members, up from five in the<br /> old Constitution. Then, they were<br /> the Chief Justice, the Attorney-<br /> General, a High Court judge, a Court<br /> of Appeal judge and the chairman of<br /> the Public Service Commission.<br /> In the new laws, the members<br /> are the Chief Justice (chairperson),<br /> a Supreme Court judge elected by<br /> fellow judges, a Court of Appeal<br /> judge elected by fellow judges, one<br /> High Court judge and one magistrate<br /> (a woman and a man), elected<br /> by the association of judges and<br /> magistrates, the Attorney-General<br /> and two advocates (a woman and a</div> <div>YEARBOOK<br /> 2 1 OO<br /> A New Dawn For Kenya<br /> K e n y a Y e a r B o o k 2 0 0 1 9 0<br /> 1047</div> <div>Kenya Army Medical Services<br /> The Kenya Army Medical Corps,<br /> under the guidance and direction<br /> of the Chief of Medical Services,<br /> provides Armed Forces medical<br /> services. KAMC has been in existence<br /> since the formation of Kings<br /> African Rifles. The medical services<br /> are provided at all levels of military<br /> organisations. The main emphasis is<br /> preventive medicine, augmented by<br /> curative and rehabilitative services.<br /> Kenya Army Electrical and Mechanical<br /> Engineering (KAEME)<br /> The history of KAEME dates back<br /> to the colonial era when the British<br /> administration identified the need<br /> for repair and maintenance facilities<br /> for the Kings African Rifles. KAEME<br /> was formed in 1964 to provide<br /> repair support to the Army headquarters,<br /> three infantry battalions<br /> and two transport companies. It was<br /> under the Director of Electrical and<br /> Mechanical Engineering.<br /> Kenya Army Ordnance Corps (KAOC)<br /> The primary mission of KAOC is<br /> to sustain the Kenya Army through<br /> acquisition, warehousing and distribution<br /> of stores for support operations<br /> in peace and wartime.<br /> The vision of KAOC is to maintain<br /> its role as a leading inventory control<br /> organisation within the Armed<br /> Forces through improved mission,<br /> oriented training and effective<br /> leadership at all levels.<br /> School of Ordnance<br /> The need to train local military personnel<br /> to take over from the Royal<br /> Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) led<br /> to the establishment of the institution.<br /> It started as training in industry<br /> section and has grown into a leading<br /> institution responsible for courses<br /> and seminars not only in ordnance<br /> related fields, but also combat service<br /> support, command and leadership<br /> for officers and servicemen and<br /> women.<br /> The mission of the school is to<br /> equip officers and servicemen and<br /> women with knowledge and skills<br /> needed to meet operations and<br /> manpower requirements of the<br /> Kenya Army, sister services and<br /> Combat Service Support (CSS) during<br /> peace time and war.<br /> Kenya Army Corps of Signals<br /> It was established in 1995 to superintend<br /> over Army communications<br /> through command control and<br /> administration of signal resources.<br /> The Corps has been in charge of<br /> career progression of signal staff<br /> and repair and maintenance of ICT.<br /> The role of the Kenya Army Corps of<br /> Signals is to:<br /> • Command, control and administer<br /> Army Signal Battalion and<br /> School of Signals<br /> • Maintain Army communication<br /> equipment<br /> • Train Army communication<br /> officers, operations and radio<br /> technicians<br /> • Coordinate communication<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 437</div> <div>Oral tradition and history 3<br /> Oral tradition and history help<br /> communities understand themselves and their past. This<br /> helps mould better citizens. Kenya has signed and ratified<br /> international conventions on culture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 85</div> <div>grammes in IT to build capacity for the business<br /> processing outsourcing (BPO) strategy.<br /> Many other institutions — public and private<br /> universities and colleges —offer training<br /> in broadcast and print journalism, film and<br /> video production, online studies and public<br /> relations, among others. (See chapter on<br /> Education)<br /> TEAMS<br /> The 4500km fibre optic<br /> cable links Mombasa and<br /> Fujairah in the United<br /> Arab Emirates. Its construction<br /> began in January<br /> 2008 and in June<br /> 2009, the cable arrived<br /> in Mombasa. The benefits<br /> are immense: Kenya,<br /> like India, will become a<br /> bigger player in business<br /> process outsourcing.<br /> The call centre business<br /> will also grow and signs<br /> of this are evident — in<br /> 2006, it employed 200<br /> people but in 2009 this<br /> had risen to 3,000. Costs<br /> of date business and<br /> Internet will come down.<br /> Film industry<br /> The local film industry generates employment,<br /> fosters economic activity and preserves<br /> the nation’s culture. It also is an avenue<br /> of transferring morals and values and contributes<br /> to the evolution of social and democratic<br /> processes.<br /> It is also a useful tool of tapping artistic<br /> energies of creative Kenyans, and a vehicle<br /> for diversification of exports as local films can<br /> be marketed in other countries. The money<br /> spent in the local economy during location<br /> filming has been a major boost in creating<br /> employment.<br /> For example money spent by a production<br /> company on catering services creates a<br /> multiplier effect when demand rises for food<br /> wholesalers, farmers and other auxiliary services.<br /> In this way, location filming has led to<br /> an increase in job opportunities in the hotel,<br /> agriculture, trade, transport and tourism subsectors.<br /> The current status of the film industry<br /> indicates a nation with big advantages in<br /> unmatched filming locations and an abundance<br /> of professional filmmakers, artistes<br /> and crew. The last five years have seen the<br /> emergence of Kenya as the hub of filming<br /> activities in the continent as attested by the<br /> significant increase in the number of major —<br /> 26 — international films shot in Kenya. This<br /> has earned the country global recognition<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 269</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1012<br /> Maasai Ostrich Park<br /> It is 45km from Nairobi<br /> on the Athi River/<br /> Kitengela Plains and<br /> 30 minutes from Jomo<br /> Kenyatta International<br /> Airport. Set in 200 acres<br /> of rolling grasslands,<br /> the farm has supplied<br /> Kenya and other countries<br /> with ostrich meat,<br /> feathers and skins since<br /> 1991. The ostriches are<br /> trained and ridden and<br /> this attracts visitors from<br /> all parts of the world.<br /> The park is a popular<br /> tourist destination and<br /> a place where jockeys<br /> train for ostrich racing.<br /> Ostrich races are held<br /> at the farm on Sundays<br /> and occasionally at<br /> the Ngong Racecourse<br /> in Nairobi. The resort<br /> borders the Kitengela<br /> Game Conservation Area<br /> populated with buffalo,<br /> giraffe, black rhino and<br /> eland, among others.<br /> www.africanspicesafaris.com<br /> sportsmen and women have also visited in<br /> the past to conduct sports clinics and visit<br /> places like the Kipchoge Keino Stadium in<br /> Eldoret, renowned as a breeding ground for<br /> world-famous athletes.<br /> But sport in Kenya is by no means limited to<br /> just athletics. Kenya has embraced all manner<br /> of international sports. Visitors to Kenya will<br /> be spoilt for choice — football, rugby, cricket,<br /> polo, water sports and horse racing are held<br /> throughout the year.<br /> Major international sporting events bring<br /> the world to Kenya each year. Nairobi plays<br /> host to the annual Safari Sevens, a major<br /> rugby tournament featuring top international<br /> teams. The Sevens rank as one of the world’s<br /> best rugby competitions, and each year the<br /> event is a major highlight on the Nairobi social<br /> calendar. (See chapter on sports)<br /> Equally popular is the Kenya Open Golf<br /> Tournament, held annually at the Muthaiga<br /> Country Club. It features a repertoire of local<br /> and international competition, and promises<br /> plenty of exciting action on the greens. More<br /> and more travelling golfers are now packing<br /> clubs on safari. (See chapter on sports).<br /> The Kenyan coast is a paradise for beach<br /> sports such as deep-sea fishing and water<br /> surfing in the Indian Ocean. The coast has the<br /> best hotels and on the beaches, guests can go<br /> scuba diving and snorkelling. Lake Victoria<br /> is another great place for water surfing and<br /> deep-sea fishing in its islands — Mfangano,<br /> Takawiri and Rusinga. Tour companies make<br /> arrangements with the management of the<br /> islands, lodges and hotels to provide competitive<br /> rates.<br /> Special games take place at the Moi International<br /> Sports Centre, Kasarani. Handicapped<br /> people play football, netball, volleyball, swimming,<br /> tennis, handball and hockey. Those</div> <div>gades in early 1979. The current 2 nd Brigade<br /> was transformed from the Western Brigade<br /> with headquarters at Gilgil until November<br /> 2002 when it was moved to Lanet.<br /> 4 Brigade<br /> The history of Nanyuki Garrison dates back<br /> to the days of the formation of the Kings<br /> African Rifles (KAR) in East Africa. During<br /> the First and Second World wars, the garrison<br /> was used as a training centre and the<br /> headquarters of the Kings African Rifles for<br /> Northern and North Frontier Districts (NFD),<br /> the current upper Eastern and the Northern<br /> Eastern provinces.<br /> The headquarters was closed at Kenya’s independence<br /> in 1963.<br /> The Brigade was reactivated in 1977 during<br /> the Ogaden War and called the Eastern<br /> Brigade.<br /> During the time, the country was divided<br /> into Western and Eastern Brigades.<br /> The Eastern Command moved its headquarters<br /> to Wajir to monitor the activities of<br /> the Somali National Army, which sporadically<br /> crossed into Kenyan territory to attack<br /> Ethiopian forces during the Ogaden War.<br /> The operations of the Brigade include<br /> Operation Fagia Mpaka in 1999 in Dadaab<br /> after Somalia militias attacked 3 KR personnel<br /> at Amuma and Operation Good Hope in<br /> 2003 to flush out OLF operatives in Marsabit<br /> and Moyale districts.<br /> Eastern Command (Eastcom)<br /> Its role is to defend the eastern region of the<br /> country against external or internal threat.<br /> The areas of responsibility include Nairobi,<br /> Kajiado and Eastern, Northern Eastern and<br /> Coast provinces. It is headed by a Major-<br /> General.<br /> Defence college<br /> The Kenya National<br /> Defence College in Karen,<br /> Nairobi, was established<br /> in 1992 under the Department<br /> of Defence. The<br /> College Advisory Board is<br /> the governing body and<br /> advises the Commandant<br /> on academic standards. By<br /> learning together, senior<br /> military officers and senior<br /> civil servants appreciate<br /> one another’s interdependence,<br /> capabilities,<br /> limitations and how socioeconomic,<br /> political and<br /> military factors impact<br /> on security. Its role is to<br /> prepare senior military<br /> officers and Government<br /> officials from Kenya and<br /> friendly countries for<br /> higher responsibilities<br /> in defence, security and<br /> other public policy issues.<br /> The college headquarters<br /> is the command centre<br /> headed by a Commandant<br /> of the rank of Lt-General.<br /> The faculty comprises:<br /> • Four officers of the<br /> rank of Major-General<br /> or ambassadorial status<br /> designated as Senior Directing<br /> Staff, representing<br /> the Army, Air Force and<br /> Navy, and a senior civil<br /> servant from the Foreign<br /> Affairs ministry.<br /> • Four Junior Directing<br /> Staff, three military<br /> officers of the rank of<br /> Lt-Colonel drawn from the<br /> Army, Air Force and Navy<br /> and a civil servant from<br /> the Ministry of Foreign<br /> Affairs. The College<br /> Secretary is in charge of<br /> administration. A college<br /> coordinator is responsible<br /> for academic work<br /> www.mod.go.ke/ndc<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 429</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 514<br /> aim was to ensure availability of<br /> potable water to all households by<br /> 2000. The plan aimed to achieve this<br /> by developing supply systems, sinking<br /> boreholes, building catchment<br /> dams and providing conveyance<br /> infrastructure — pipes and furrows.<br /> To do so required that the Government<br /> provide water services to<br /> consumers, make policy, regulate<br /> the use of water resources and<br /> finance the water sector. The legal<br /> framework was in the Water Act<br /> (Cap 372). In line with the Master<br /> Plan, the Government upgraded the<br /> Department of Water Development<br /> in the Ministry of Agriculture to a<br /> full ministry, which embarked on<br /> a water supply development programme.<br /> In 1988, the Government established<br /> the National Water Conservation<br /> and Pipeline Corporation<br /> (NWCPC) to take over the management<br /> of Government-operated<br /> water supply systems that could be<br /> run on a commercial basis. Large<br /> municipalities were also licensed to<br /> supply water.<br /> In the 1980s, the Government<br /> began to experience budgetary<br /> constraints and it became clear<br /> that it could not deliver water to all<br /> by 2000. Attention turned to ways<br /> of involving others, a process that<br /> came to be known as ‘handing over’.<br /> There was general agreement to<br /> hand over Government water supply<br /> systems, but less agreement on<br /> what it meant.<br /> In 1997, the Government pubthe<br /> decision-making processes was<br /> promoted by involving communities<br /> and other actors such as NGOs,<br /> community organisations and the<br /> private sector.<br /> In 2009, water services boards<br /> undertook to develop urban water<br /> supplies infrastructure, while the<br /> National Water Conservation and<br /> Pipeline Corporation provided<br /> water schemes in rural areas. The<br /> major works were on expansion<br /> and upgrading of the water supply<br /> systems. To provide clean water to<br /> households, the Government continued<br /> to maintain water purification<br /> points across the country. The<br /> water points increased from 192 in<br /> 2008 to 209 in 2009 following the<br /> construction and completion of 17<br /> water projects in Central, Eastern,<br /> Nyanza, Rift Valley and Western<br /> provinces. In regard to boreholes,<br /> 124 were drilled in 2009, up from<br /> 115 in 2008 — Eastern 36, Rift Valley<br /> 32, North-Eastern 28, Coast 12,<br /> Nyanza 6, Central 5, Western 3 and<br /> Nairobi 2. And to improve availability<br /> of water to more Kenyans in rural<br /> areas, the Government constructed<br /> major dams such as Chemususu,<br /> Badasa, Kiserian and others in Koibatek,<br /> Marsabit, Kajiado and Kitui<br /> districts.<br /> Background<br /> The present institutional arrangements<br /> for the management of the<br /> water sector in Kenya can be traced<br /> to 1974 with the launch of the<br /> National Water Master Plan whose</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 462<br /> Government departments and<br /> other public services<br /> • Reviewing and updating terms<br /> and conditions of service for civil<br /> servants<br /> • Developing, maintaining and<br /> updating human resource management<br /> standards in the Civil<br /> Service.<br /> • Analysing the objective of the<br /> Civil Service so as to match it<br /> with human resources required<br /> to achieve the goals.<br /> • Advising on harmonisation of<br /> terms and conditions of service<br /> for public servants<br /> • Monitoring and evaluating performance<br /> of human resource<br /> management units in ministries<br /> and departments.<br /> • Initiating development and<br /> administering the scheme of service<br /> common cadres.<br /> Management Consultancy<br /> Services<br /> Its functions were restated in<br /> 1972 following the re-organisation<br /> and renaming of the Directorate<br /> of Personnel to Directorate of<br /> Personnel Management (DPM) on<br /> the recommendation of the Ndegwa<br /> Report. Its functions are:<br /> • Provision of consultancy services<br /> in terms of organisational structures,<br /> staff use and operational<br /> capacity to ministries, departments<br /> and parastatals<br /> • Development of schemes of service<br /> and advising ministries and<br /> departments on career planning<br /> e-Government benefits<br /> Simplifying delivery of services<br /> to citizens<br /> Minimising Government<br /> bureaucracy<br /> Improved interaction among<br /> Government, business and<br /> citizens<br /> Access to information and<br /> services ncreased for citizens<br /> and businesses<br /> More efficient management<br /> Improved productivity and<br /> efficiency of Government<br /> agencies<br /> Easy for citizens, businesses<br /> and Government employees<br /> to find information and service<br /> Strengthened legal system<br /> and law enforcement<br /> Improved quality of life for<br /> disadvantaged communities<br /> Broadened public participation<br /> www.e-government.go.ke<br /> • Maintenance of staff complement<br /> control for the entire Civil<br /> Service<br /> • Generation of by-products of the<br /> nominal roll of the Civil Service<br /> • Staffing telephone services in<br /> ministries and departments<br /> • Performance management of<br /> telephone services<br /> Achievements of the Division<br /> • Development of about 150<br /> schemes of service<br /> • Development of bio-data<br /> • Re-structuring of parastatals and<br /> Government departments<br /> • Provision of core manpower<br /> that launched the Civil Service</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> Northern corridor<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 576<br /> In 2010, the World Bank<br /> released Sh20 billion ($250<br /> million) for the construction<br /> of the Mau Summit-Kericho,<br /> Kericho-Kisumu and Kisumu<br /> road, part of the northern corridor.<br /> Several feeder roads in<br /> Kisumu municipality will be<br /> constructed. Other roads in<br /> the Northern Corridor include<br /> the Maji ya Chumvi to Miritini<br /> road in Mombasa; Machakos<br /> turn-off to Jomo Kenyatta<br /> International Airport and the<br /> Njoro turn-off to Mau Summit<br /> to Timboroa. The section<br /> between Lanet near Nakuru<br /> and Njoro turn-off has been<br /> completed. Total cost of<br /> the projects is Sh77 billion<br /> ($962.5 million)<br /> www.businessdailyafrica.com/<br /> Northern Corridor<br /> ■ Sh1.1 billion ($13.75 million) 35km Embu-<br /> Thuci road<br /> ■ Sh1.3 billion ($16.25 million) 67km Thuci-<br /> Nkubu road<br /> ■ Sh868 million ($10.85 million) 42km<br /> Thika-Gacharage-Githumu-Kangare road.<br /> Other roads being improved in the region<br /> to facilitate transportation of farm produce<br /> and cash crops such as tea and coffee include<br /> the Sh2.7 billion ($33.75 million) 60km<br /> Ena-Ishiara road; the Sh1.3 billion ($16.25<br /> million) 38km Farm Kawilu-Kachilu road;<br /> the Sh502 million ($6.275 million) 18km<br /> Embu-Mutunduri-Kianjokoma road and the<br /> Sh743 million ($9.28 million) 18km Rukenya-</div> <div>Precious Blood Riruta<br /> The Catholic nuns of the<br /> order of Precious Blood<br /> Sisters established the<br /> top school in 1964. It was<br /> meant for children from<br /> Kawangware, Riruta and<br /> Uthiru, who had been<br /> affected by the Mau Mau<br /> struggle. Precious Blood Girls<br /> Secondary is in Kawangware,<br /> Dagoretti, 7km from the city<br /> centre. The school had two<br /> streams until 2008 when a<br /> third stream was added. It<br /> sits on a 10-acre plot which<br /> contains hostels, classrooms,<br /> science laboratories, seven<br /> staff houses and a computer<br /> lab.<br /> Precious Blood Secondary is<br /> a provincial public school run<br /> by the Precious Blood Sisters.<br /> At the school level the management<br /> is as shown above.<br /> has developed a participatory health education<br /> programme to influence pupils’ hygiene<br /> and sanitation.<br /> In collaboration with the African Medical<br /> and Research Foundation (AMREF), the<br /> programme has led to peer health clubs and<br /> training of parents on health promotion skills.<br /> It also involves improvement of school infrastructure<br /> and safe water systems that encourage<br /> higher attendance and reduce drop out<br /> rates in primary education.<br /> It also includes awareness on nutrition so<br /> as to combat malnutrition, malaria, intestinal<br /> worms and other preventable diseases. Local<br /> communities and Government officials are<br /> involved in project planning, implementation<br /> and monitoring of activities. The long-term<br /> objectives of the programme is to promote<br /> children’s rights, safety and good lifestyles in<br /> school and the local communities.<br /> www.preciousbloodriruta.com<br /> Financing education<br /> Kenya has adopted partnerships in delivering<br /> education services. The partnership is<br /> between the Government, local communities,<br /> religious organisations, private investors<br /> and donors.<br /> Recurrent Government spending on education<br /> has been higher than any other social<br /> sector. According to the Economic Survey<br /> 2010, it was 73.8 per cent of the total social<br /> sector expenditure. Though most of the funds<br /> go towards salaries and wages, the development<br /> expenditure for free primary education<br /> and the free tuition secondary education has<br /> increased.<br /> The Government encourages more private<br /> sector participation in the provision and<br /> expansion of education, especially at the<br /> secondary, TIVET and university levels. The<br /> potential role of NGOs, the private sector<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 357</div> <div>Foreign Relations<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 714<br /> join Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and<br /> Rwanda in reading national budgets<br /> on the same day.<br /> Common market<br /> With the Common Market, the EAC<br /> will witness not only free movement<br /> of goods enabled by the Customs<br /> Union, but also free movement of<br /> people, labour, services and capital.<br /> The Customs Union has made<br /> successful strides. Partner states<br /> agreed that implementation be<br /> progressive to ensure elimination of<br /> internal tariffs within five years.<br /> It was against this background<br /> that a gradual phase out of duties on<br /> selected goods from Kenya to Tanzania<br /> and Uganda was adopted. The<br /> EAC trade regime had designated<br /> 58 goods as sensitive products and<br /> set tariffs ranging from 35 to 100 per<br /> cent. The top rate of 100 per cent<br /> applied to most sugar. High rates<br /> also applied to rice (75 per cent),<br /> wheat (60 per cent), milk products<br /> (60 per cent) and maize (50 per<br /> cent).<br /> This measure is intended to<br /> protect local production on the<br /> assumption that the region had adequate<br /> capacity to meet the demand<br /> for selected commodities.<br /> But this ended on December 31<br /> 2009. From 2010, goods have been<br /> traded duty-free within the partner<br /> states. Significant progress has been<br /> made in the implementation of the<br /> Customs Union protocol, resulting<br /> in huge increases in the volume of<br /> intra-EAC trade since 2005.<br /> Organs of the EAC<br /> The Summit, comprising heads<br /> of government of partner States,<br /> gives general direction towards the<br /> realisation of the objectives.<br /> The Council of Ministers is the<br /> main decision-making institution.<br /> It is made up of ministers from<br /> partner States in charge of regional<br /> cooperation.<br /> The Co-ordinating Committee<br /> consists of permanent secretaries<br /> and reports to the Council. It is<br /> responsible for regional cooperation<br /> and coordinates the activities of the<br /> sectoral committees.<br /> Sectoral Committees conceptualise<br /> programmes and monitor<br /> their implementation. The Council<br /> establishes the committees on<br /> recommendation of the respective<br /> coordinating committee.<br /> The East African Court of Justice<br /> ensures that EAC law is interpreted<br /> and implemented in line with the<br /> Treaty.<br /> The East African Legislative<br /> Assembly provides a forum for<br /> debate. It has a watchdog function<br /> and also plays a part in the legislative<br /> process.<br /> The Secretariat is the executive<br /> organ of EAC. As the guardian of the<br /> Treaty, it ensures that regulations<br /> and directives adopted by the Council<br /> are implemented.<br /> EAC achievements<br /> • Harmonisation of municipal laws<br /> and judicial training syllabi<br /> • A strong foundation laid for part-</div> <div>The stations include State-owned<br /> Kenya Broadcasting Corporation<br /> (KBC), Royal Media’s Citizen TV,<br /> Standard Group’s Kenya Television<br /> Network (KTN), Nation Media<br /> Group’s NTV, STV, Radio Africa’s<br /> KISS TV, Family TV, Sayare TV and<br /> K24. Family and Sayare focus on<br /> religious themes. K24 is a 24-hour<br /> news and lifestyle channel modelled<br /> on America’s CNN.<br /> KBC Channel 1 has more than 90<br /> per cent geographical coverage in<br /> the country 4 . KBC also has another<br /> channel, which is leased out to a<br /> commercial broadcaster and broadcasting<br /> as Classic TV.<br /> Like Citizen, KTN and NTV, KBC<br /> is also on the DStv MultiChoice satellite<br /> platform. Free-to-air channels<br /> — KBC, KTN, NTV, K24, Family TV,<br /> Citizen TV, Kiss TV, Classic TV, STV<br /> and Sayare TV — are private. One —<br /> East African TV — is a pan-regional<br /> African service and broadcasts from<br /> Tanzania.<br /> An international cable television<br /> network, CTN, is a pay-per-view service<br /> aimed mainly at the upmarket<br /> Asian clientele in Nairobi. Oxygen<br /> TV, a pay-TV terrestrial channel, also<br /> broadcasts in Nairobi.<br /> As many as 40 international<br /> channels can be accessed on the<br /> MultiChoice satellite pay-TV platform<br /> (based in South Africa), with a<br /> monthly subscription of about $80<br /> (Sh6,400). In addition, international<br /> channels such as the BBC and CNN<br /> (also available on the MultiChoice<br /> 4 Steadman/ Synovate Media Diaries<br /> satellite platform) are routinely rebroadcast<br /> on the local free-to-air<br /> stations.<br /> By 2008, Kenya’s regular adult TV<br /> audience stood at 15.37 million in<br /> a population of close to 40 million.<br /> About 12 million children have<br /> access to TV.<br /> Broadcasting: Radio<br /> Following the liberalisation of the<br /> airwaves in the 1990s, major media<br /> houses started radio stations, each<br /> targeting a specific demographic<br /> and music genre. Citizen Radio, Kiss<br /> FM, Easy FM, Classic FM and Family<br /> FM (now Radio 316) are some<br /> of the stable. More recent ones are<br /> Hope FM, Iqra FM, QFM and Milele<br /> FM, among others.<br /> Vernacular stations, too, have<br /> carved a niche of their own. Some<br /> of the stations are: Kass FM and<br /> Chamgei FM (Kalenjin), Coro,<br /> Kameme and Inooro FM (Gikuyu),<br /> Ramogi FM (Luo), Mulembe FM,<br /> Musyi FM (Kamba) and Egesa FM<br /> (Gusii). KBC also broadcasts in vernacular<br /> of nearly all communities in<br /> Kenya.<br /> There are also full-time radio<br /> relays of the BBC World Service,<br /> Voice of America and Radio France<br /> Internationale, among others.<br /> History of broadcasting<br /> In 1954, the Kenya Broadcasting<br /> Services (KBS) was established.<br /> Regional stations were set up in<br /> Mombasa (Sauti ya Mvita), Nyeri<br /> (Mt Kenya Station) and Kisumu<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 257</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya has the strongest cooperative movement in Africa, accounting<br /> for more than 50 per cent of the continent’s cooperative turnover.<br /> About 70 per cent of the population relies on cooperatives directly and<br /> indirectly. The movement contributes to more than 30 per cent of the<br /> country’s national savings, mostly in domestic ones. Up to 63 per cent<br /> of the country’s population also derives their livelihood from cooperatives.<br /> The movement is one of the most consistent in growth in Kenya’s economy. It contributes<br /> an estimated 30 per cent to the overall economic well being of the country<br /> directly and indirectly. For instance, savings and credit societies (saccos) have mobilised<br /> savings of close to Sh200 billion. The sector is key in fighting unemployment.<br /> Currently, Kenya has more than 12,000 registered cooperative societies. One in<br /> every five people is a member of a cooperative and 20 million Kenyans derive their<br /> livelihood from the movement directly or indirectly. Cooperatives employ 250,000<br /> people.<br /> They contribute up to 45 per cent of the GDP and 31 per cent of national savings<br /> and deposits. Cooperatives dominate the agricultural market — 70 per cent of the coffee<br /> market, 76 per cent of dairy, 90 per cent of pyrethrum and 95 per cent of cotton.<br /> The Government recognises cooperatives as<br /> a major player in the country’s economy as<br /> it cuts across all sectors of the economy. To<br /> strengthen it, the Ministry of Co-operative<br /> Development formulated the Savings and<br /> Credit Cooperative Societies (Saccos) Development<br /> Strategy and facilitated the drafting<br /> of the Sacco Bill, which has now been signed<br /> into law.<br /> In 1908, European farmers formed the first<br /> cooperative — Lumbwa Cooperative Society.<br /> Its main objective was to buy fertiliser, chemicals,<br /> seeds and other farm inputs. It was also<br /> marketing their produce.<br /> In 1930, Kenya Farmers Association was<br /> registered as a cooperative society to take<br /> over the supply of farm inputs from Lumbwa<br /> Cooperative Society.<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 200<br /> Billions of shillings that<br /> close to 5,000 savings and<br /> credit societies (saccos)<br /> have mobilised from<br /> members from all parts of<br /> the country, making them<br /> key in creating employment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 719</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> Statistics on banks<br /> In 2009, Kenyan banks<br /> total assets were worth<br /> Sh1.37 trillion ($17.8<br /> billion). Profit before tax<br /> was a whopping Sh48.7<br /> billion ($600 million).<br /> Kenya Commercial Bank<br /> is the biggest, with assets<br /> worth Sh191 billion<br /> ($2.5 billion) in 2008.<br /> The country has 8.66<br /> million bank accounts,<br /> up from 2.6 million in<br /> 2005. At the Nairobi<br /> Stock Exchange, banks<br /> and their holding companies<br /> are worth Sh270 billion<br /> ($3.6 billion). Other<br /> major banks are Barclays,<br /> Equity, Standard<br /> Chartered, Cooperative,<br /> National and Family.<br /> The latest foreign bank<br /> to pitch tent in Kenya is<br /> Nigeria’s United Bank of<br /> Africa.<br /> www.centralbank.go.ke<br /> for Government, State corporations and the<br /> private sector.<br /> Banking, insurance and forex sectors are<br /> vibrant, and the figures speak for themselves:<br /> 43 banks — local and international — 42<br /> insurance companies, 2,665 insurance<br /> agents, 201 insurance brokers, 44 underwriters,<br /> two reinsurance companies and 126<br /> forex bureaus.<br /> And the pension sector, too, is trailblazing:<br /> 15 fund managers, 21 individual pension<br /> providers, 21 pension administrators and six<br /> pension custodians.<br /> Mobile phone telephony has grown by<br /> leaps and bounds. Kenya has four mobile<br /> phone companies — Safaricom, Zain, Orange<br /> and Yu — with close to 20 million subscribers.<br /> The country was the first to use mobile phone<br /> money transfer in the world, which now has<br /> 12 million members. By July 2010, Sh525 billion<br /> ($6.56 billion) had been transacted in the<br /> three-year old innovation.<br /> Kenya’s economy has weathered the political<br /> and economic crisis two years ago, recovered<br /> and is on its way to the growth recorded<br /> in 2007.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 188<br /> Kenya Vision 2030<br /> Kenya has ushered in a national vision that is<br /> touching the lives of all citizens. For the first<br /> time, a long-term plan to transform the lives<br /> of Kenyans has been launched. This is Kenya<br /> Vision 2030: Transforming National Development.<br /> In the past, Kenya has had two long-term<br /> policies and several five-year development<br /> plans that have guided planning and investment:<br /> Sessional Paper No. 10 of 1965: African<br /> Socialism and its Application to Kenya, and<br /> the Sessional Paper No. 1 of 1986: Economic<br /> Management for Renewed Growth. They</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 854</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 20<br /> Lord Delamere<br /> A pioneer European<br /> farmer in Kenya, he<br /> believed the extension<br /> of European civilisation<br /> was desirable. In<br /> 1927, he wrote: “The<br /> British race is superior<br /> to heterogeneous<br /> African races only<br /> now emerging from<br /> centuries of relative<br /> barbarism.” He founded<br /> the so-called Happy<br /> Valley set, a clique of<br /> well-off colonials whose<br /> pleasure-seeking habits<br /> degenerated into<br /> drug-taking and wifeswapping.<br /> Delamere<br /> was the colonialists’<br /> unofficial leader and<br /> spokesman for 30 years.<br /> He was a member of the<br /> Legislative Council, the<br /> Executive Council and in<br /> 1907, president of the<br /> Colonists’ Association<br /> He made his first trip<br /> to Africa in 1891 to<br /> hunt in Somaliland,<br /> and returned yearly.<br /> In 1897, he arrived in<br /> central Kenya. Delamere<br /> applied for a land grant<br /> and received a 99-year<br /> lease on 100,000 acres.<br /> In 1906, he acquired<br /> more than 200,000<br /> acres between the Molo<br /> River and Njoro town.<br /> Delamere pioneered the<br /> dairy industry, wheat<br /> farming and animal<br /> crossbreeding.<br /> “tucked away between deserts and tropics<br /> and lakes, where yet another cutting from<br /> the British parent stock could be planted and<br /> would grow and flourish.<br /> This was his ultimate ideal — this and nothing<br /> else. He wanted to prove to the world that<br /> East Africa was a white man’s country. He<br /> wanted it to become a true British colony in<br /> the sense that Australia had been — places<br /> where people settled for good and tried to<br /> build a replica of England that would endure<br /> so long as the British persisted, places that<br /> modelled for themselves an independent<br /> economic life and evolved a tradition of their<br /> own, and eventually won the award for which<br /> they had been contending: The privilege of<br /> self-government.”<br /> Delamere called it a “land scramble”. At<br /> one time, Ewart Scott Grogan, a confronta-</div> <div>Phase I<br /> Central Business District, Nairobi<br /> River, Haile Sellasie Avenue, Uhuru<br /> Highway and University Way<br /> Phase II<br /> Area between Industrial Area, Haile<br /> Selassie Avenue, Jogoo, Outer Ring<br /> and Airport North roads and JKIA<br /> to the Nairobi-Mombasa railway line<br /> and Public Communications) — the<br /> Nairobi Central Business District<br /> Authority (NCBDA) and the Kenya<br /> Association of Manufacturers<br /> (KAM).<br /> This programme will boost<br /> services, ease identification and<br /> access to buildings and destination<br /> for security, rescue operations and<br /> emergency services. It has involved<br /> physical mapping by a joint team<br /> drawn from stakeholders. To cover<br /> the extended Nairobi Central Business<br /> District, work will be done in<br /> three phases through public private<br /> partnerships.<br /> Phase III<br /> Extended Central Business District<br /> (CBD) area encompassing Nairobi<br /> West, Westlands, Hurlingham,<br /> Mbagathi Road, Langata Road,<br /> Lusaka Road, Jogoo Road, General<br /> Mathenge Avenue, Juja Road via<br /> Pangani roundabout, Forest Road<br /> and Parklands Road.<br /> Street addresses make it possible<br /> to identify the location of a plot or<br /> building. It entails using a system<br /> of maps and signs that give the<br /> numbers or names of streets and<br /> buildings.<br /> The property attributes are integrated<br /> in the street maps, creating a<br /> comprehensive inventory system.<br /> This enhances easier identification<br /> of property as well as enhancing<br /> access in responding to emergencies.<br /> Due to rural-urban migration in<br /> the past few decades, Nairobi has<br /> grown drastically in population and<br /> development, making city management<br /> a big challenge. Against this<br /> backdrop, systems for identifying<br /> streets, buildings and plots should:<br /> Have a comprehensive street and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 841</div> <div>history and not just raw materials<br /> as many scholars have portrayed<br /> them. Oral literature is a form of art<br /> that is verbalised, dramatised and<br /> performed. It is also the most popular<br /> and common type of literature<br /> in Africa. It is a vehicle of communication,<br /> conveying cultural values,<br /> morality, wisdom, philosophy, history,<br /> knowledge and skills.<br /> Oral literature cannot be divorced<br /> from oral tradition. They are<br /> intertwined. Oral literature is not<br /> a conservative art, educating and<br /> reinforcing in a society appropriate<br /> ways to act, behave and think. It is<br /> dynamic because it gives room for<br /> expression, renewal, innovation and<br /> creativity.<br /> Oral literature has many names. It<br /> is referred to as orature, oral art, oral<br /> history, oral culture, traditional literature,<br /> indigenous art and history.<br /> If viewed in this sense, oral literature<br /> (traditions, beliefs, practices, songs,<br /> narratives, poems, riddles and oral<br /> poetry) is classified as oral tradition.<br /> Cultural practices which constitute<br /> oral history or tradition (in the<br /> sense of passage from generation to<br /> generation orally and through performance)<br /> enable the community to<br /> have an identity.<br /> There is little room for deviation<br /> from the norm in traditional societies.<br /> The stress is not so much on the<br /> individual as on how he perceives<br /> himself as a collective being. In Facing<br /> Mount Kenya, Kenyatta writes<br /> about the individual’s concern for<br /> the soil. Among the Agikuyu, there is<br /> a ceremonial chart connected with<br /> the fertility of the soil, ritual songs<br /> performed during sacrifices, songs<br /> for cattle and songs in praise of<br /> teamwork.<br /> Oral and written forms<br /> Kenya’s strong oral tradition cannot<br /> be dealt with in isolation. The<br /> wisdom is passed from generation<br /> to another, often in form of songs,<br /> narratives or proverbs.<br /> African voices have always been<br /> part of writing about the continent<br /> — from the slave narratives of<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 97</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 522<br /> Water international<br /> Kenya shares a number<br /> of rivers with other<br /> countries:<br /> The Umba, Mara, and<br /> Pangani basins are<br /> shared with Tanzania.<br /> The Sio, Malaba, and<br /> Malakisi basins are<br /> shared with Uganda.<br /> The Omo and Daua<br /> basins are shared with<br /> Ethiopia.<br /> The Nile basin is<br /> shared with nine other<br /> countries — Uganda,<br /> Tanzania, Sudan,<br /> Ethiopia, Egypt, Burundi,<br /> DR Congo, Rwanda<br /> Save for the Nile basin,<br /> there is no framework<br /> between the countries<br /> for the use and management<br /> of the shared<br /> water resources.<br /> www.eoearth.org/kenya<br /> Records show that irrigation has been practised<br /> for many years along the lower River<br /> Tana and in Keiyo, Marakwet, West Pokot and<br /> Baringo districts.<br /> Rice irrigation activities along river valleys<br /> in Kipini, Malindi, Shimoni and Vanga, where<br /> slaves were used to construct rice schemes in<br /> the early 19th century, are also well-known.<br /> Indian coolies (workers) who built the Mombasa-Nairobi<br /> Railway also started irrigation<br /> activities near Makindu and Kibwezi.<br /> In 1946, the African Land Development<br /> Unit (ALDEV) identified irrigation as part of a<br /> broad agricultural rehabilitation programme.<br /> It initiated a number of irrigation schemes<br /> — Mwea, Hola, Perkerra, Ishiara and Yatta —<br /> using cheap labour from Mau Mau detainees.<br /> Many detainees were eventually settled in the<br /> schemes.<br /> The Government is implementing projects<br /> that will increase water storage per capita<br /> from 5m3 to 80m3 (16 times). This will support<br /> the country from perennial water shortage.<br /> Further, the storage capacity will contribute<br /> to the growth of irrigated agriculture<br /> by 50,000 hectares. The dams are estimated<br /> to cost Sh85 billion ($1.1 billion) in the next<br /> 10 years. It is estimated that irrigation can<br /> increase agricultural productivity four-fold<br /> and, depending on crops, incomes can be<br /> multiplied 10 times. In addition to rain-fed<br /> agriculture, the Government has promoted<br /> irrigation farming for food and cash crops.<br /> The flagship projects are:<br /> • Construction of the Tana Delta project<br /> • Expansion of schemes in Bura, Hola, Kano<br /> Plains, Nzoia (upper, middle and lower),<br /> Perkerra, Kerio Valley, Mwea, Taita Taveta,<br /> Ewaso Ng’iro North and Ngurumaini<br /> (Kajiado)<br /> • Extension of the Yatta Canal for another</div> <div>aspects of culture are transmitted<br /> orally from generation to generation,<br /> oral traditions form an important<br /> element of identity for individuals<br /> and the community.<br /> Local communities now have a<br /> sense of how important their culture<br /> and want to protect their knowledge.<br /> They have identified benefits<br /> to be gained from sharing their<br /> indigenous knowledge with others.<br /> For example, communities have<br /> realised that some knowledge can<br /> be turned into eco-tourism or cultural<br /> tourism for income-generation.<br /> Protecting their knowledge, therefore,<br /> contributes to the cultural and<br /> political goals of self-identity and<br /> self-reliance.<br /> Oral tradition crisis<br /> Even though most communities<br /> want to safeguard their oral traditions<br /> and indigenous knowledge,<br /> many have seen the knowledge<br /> begin to disappear. The lifestyle<br /> changes have been a key player and<br /> hampers transmitting knowledge<br /> from the elders to the younger generation.<br /> In Kenya, most children’s education<br /> is from books. Children go to<br /> school to learn new skills — reading,<br /> writing and using computers<br /> that will help them get a job or earn<br /> an income. Over time, less of their<br /> knowledge will come from their oral<br /> tradition. The elders do not have a<br /> role as they used to in passing along<br /> knowledge to younger people.<br /> In some communities like the<br /> Suba, Yaaku and Segeju, the children<br /> do not speak the language of<br /> their elders, which makes it difficult<br /> for elders to teach them. These<br /> changes mean that important oral<br /> traditions and traditional knowledge<br /> are lost. It is thus a crisis. The knowledge<br /> that is being lost can provide a<br /> sense of identity. By knowing who<br /> you are can give you pride in your<br /> culture.<br /> In a 2003 study by UNESCO,<br /> Safeguarding Endangered Oral<br /> Traditions in East Africa, the author<br /> John Mhando, identifies memory<br /> loss as a major challenge to the<br /> protection of oral traditions. The<br /> Yaaku informants (elders) admitted<br /> that they were unable to remember<br /> many things because of advancing<br /> age.<br /> They did not know when most<br /> songs were sung, who sang it first,<br /> where and in which season. They<br /> tried to sing other songs but could<br /> only manage one line. They admitted<br /> that they had forgotten the rest.<br /> When proverbs, stories and<br /> poems are not performed regularly,<br /> they are stored in the inner chamber<br /> of the elder’s memory. They<br /> stay in the memory for a given time<br /> before they are forgotten. It is, therefore,<br /> urgent that oral traditions be<br /> revived, performed and preserved in<br /> their most natural form.<br /> Sometimes, local communities<br /> do not see the importance of preserving<br /> oral traditions, indigenous<br /> knowledge and languages because<br /> they consider them hindrances to<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 101</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 538<br /> tion into the establishment of<br /> irrigation schemes<br /> • Design, construct, supervise and<br /> administer irrigation schemes<br /> • Coordinate and plan settlement<br /> on national irrigation schemes<br /> • Determine the number of settlers<br /> to be accommodated in national<br /> irrigation schemes<br /> • Promote marketing of crops<br /> and produce grown in irrigation<br /> schemes together with organisations<br /> that marketing of agricultural<br /> produce<br /> NIB relies mainly on the Exchequer<br /> for funding. Grants are provided<br /> to construct and rehabilitate<br /> irrigation and drainage infrastructure<br /> and other civil rehabilitation<br /> works. The Board also recovers<br /> from its clients (farmers) the cost<br /> incurred for operations and maintenance<br /> of irrigation and drainage<br /> infrastructure and the scheme’s<br /> road network.<br /> Through NIB, the Government<br /> has invested in the Mwea Rice<br /> Mills Ltd (55 per cent) and Western<br /> Kenya Rice Mills Ltd (60 per cent).<br /> Mwea Rice Mills is a limited liability<br /> company owned by National Irrigation<br /> Board (55 per cent) and Mwea<br /> farmers through the Mwea Rice<br /> Growers Multipurpose Cooperative<br /> Society Ltd (45 per cent).<br /> The major activity is milling and<br /> storage of paddy from the Mwea<br /> Irrigation Scheme. The company<br /> has four milling units with a capacity<br /> of 15 tonnes an hour, which is<br /> sufficient to handle the paddy produced<br /> in Mwea and nearby regions.<br /> The company has long experience<br /> in processing and marketing of rice<br /> by-products.<br /> The company’s major client is<br /> the National Cereals and Produce<br /> Board. To position itself for privatisation,<br /> the company buys paddy from<br /> farmers, mills and markets to two<br /> supermarkets chain — Uchumi and<br /> Tusker Mattress.<br /> Western Kenya Rice Mills is<br /> another limited liability company<br /> owned by National Irrigation Board<br /> (60 per cent) and the farmers in<br /> Ahero, Bunyala and West Kano<br /> through their cooperative societies<br /> (40 per cent). Just like Mwea, the<br /> major activities area milling and<br /> storage of paddy from the Ahero,<br /> Bunyala and West Kano schemes.<br /> The company has one milling<br /> unit with a capacity of 3.5 tonnes an<br /> hour, sufficient to handle the paddy<br /> produced in the three schemes and<br /> nearby regions. The company has<br /> a storage capacity of 80,000 bags of<br /> paddy.<br /> Bura Irrigation Scheme<br /> It is along the Tana River. It is 50km<br /> north of Hola town, about 400km<br /> north-west of Mombasa. The construction<br /> of the scheme started in<br /> 1978 and was funded by the World<br /> Bank, ODA, EEC, UNDP, Finnish<br /> government, the Netherlands and<br /> Kenya.<br /> The project was modelled on the<br /> Tana Irrigation Scheme, 50km south<br /> of Bura. The population was esti-</div> <div>until 2000 when a 40 per cent stake was sold<br /> to Vodafone. Another 25 per cent was sold in<br /> an Initial Pubic Offering in 2008. Zain Kenya<br /> commands slightly more than 20 per cent<br /> market share since 2004.<br /> Two other mobile licensees, Essar Kenya<br /> and Telkom Kenya, started operating in<br /> 2008. Increased competition in Kenya’s comparatively<br /> wealthy and urbanised market is<br /> expected to drive revenues per user in the<br /> mobile industry down from $8.96 (Sh672)<br /> in 2007 to $5.51 (Sh413.25) in 2012, but will<br /> push mobile penetration to 68 per cent.<br /> The advent of better international connectivity<br /> is going to be beneficial to Kenya’s telecoms<br /> market, and the Internet in particular.<br /> It will also see the growth of new industries<br /> such as Business Process Outsourcing (BPO),<br /> software development and application development.<br /> Fibre connectivity has the added benefit<br /> of placing Kenya in a prime position to take<br /> a share of international offshore outsourcing<br /> business. This will provide significant<br /> opportunities for economic growth in line<br /> with the country’s Vision 2030, which aims<br /> at making the nation a new industrialising,<br /> middle-income country providing quality life<br /> for citizens.<br /> The key driver for BPO is the quality of<br /> communication services, including the<br /> Internet. The BPO plan for Vision 2030 is for<br /> Kenya to become one of the top three investment<br /> destinations in Africa. Fibre optic connectivity<br /> is a key component of this.<br /> Kenya’s communication sector is ready to<br /> move — and is already moving — into the<br /> digital age. New technologies are shaping the<br /> economy and changing the way people work,<br /> spend their leisure time, access information<br /> and communicate.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 245</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 244<br /> (Sh104.25 billion) in 2008 to $1.98<br /> billion (Sh148.5 billion) in 2013,<br /> with mobile telephony 2 generating<br /> 78 per cent of revenue.<br /> ICT has grown tremendously,<br /> registering more than 30 per cent<br /> growth since the beginning of<br /> 2008. It has contributed 2.5 per<br /> cent to GDP. ICT generated more<br /> than 20,000 new jobs in the past<br /> year, mainly due to liberalisation.<br /> The number of Kenyans using<br /> new forms of communication has<br /> increased rapidly in recent years,<br /> with mobile telephony providing the<br /> biggest gauge of penetration of new<br /> technologies.<br /> Ownership of mobile phones<br /> has risen from just 40,000 in 2000<br /> to nearly 20 million. Although phenomenal,<br /> the mobile sector still<br /> has room for growth as just 34 per<br /> cent of the population has access<br /> to mobile phone services. The percentage<br /> of Kenyans using mobile<br /> phones is set to rise to 70 per cent in<br /> the next five years.<br /> Another sector set to experience<br /> exponential growth is the Internet,<br /> which is expected to grow from the<br /> current three million users to nearly<br /> 10 million in the next five years. In<br /> 2009, the Communications Commission<br /> of Kenya (CCK), which<br /> regulates telecommunications,<br /> radio communications, postal and<br /> wireless services, got an even more<br /> prominent role as the industry shifts<br /> to a more converged and digital<br /> future. So far, CCK has given GSM<br /> 2 Pyramid Research, Communications Markets in Kenya -<br /> 2009 Edition<br /> Mobile telephony<br /> Kenya has four mobile<br /> telephone companies —<br /> Safaricom, Zain, Telkom<br /> Kenya (Orange) and Yu.<br /> Safaricom controls 78<br /> per cent of the mobile<br /> telephone market, Zain<br /> 13 per cent, Telkom<br /> Kenya six per cent and<br /> Yu three per cent. Safaricom<br /> lays claim to 16<br /> million subscribers, Zain<br /> two million, Orange one<br /> million and Yu 800,000.<br /> It is estimated that<br /> Kenya has 10 million potential<br /> subscribers who<br /> have no allegiance to<br /> any company. Safaricom<br /> has a revenue market<br /> share of 83 per cent<br /> though its prices have<br /> changed little. Other<br /> operators have adjusted<br /> tariffs downwards but<br /> reversed them upon<br /> negative impact on<br /> revenue.<br /> www.businessdailyafrica.com<br /> licences to four major telecommunication<br /> operators — Safaricom, Zain,<br /> Essar and Telkom Kenya. There are<br /> two operational Local Loop Operators<br /> — Flashcom and EM Communications<br /> (branded as Popote<br /> Wireless). With twice the GDP per<br /> capita of its East African neighbours,<br /> Kenya led Uganda and Tanzania<br /> with more than 30 per cent mobile<br /> penetration and $1 billion (Sh75<br /> billion) in revenue in 2007. Safaricom,<br /> the mobile telephony market<br /> leader with a 75 per cent market<br /> share, was a State-owned operator</div> <div>83. Muthaiga Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 84. Nairobi Bureau De Change Ltd<br /> 85. Nairobi Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 86. Namanga Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 87. Nature Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 88. Nawal Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 89. Net Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 90. Offshore Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 91. Overseas Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 92. Pacific Forex Bureau<br /> 93. Peaktop Exchange Bureau Ltd<br /> 94. Pearl Forex Bureau<br /> 95. Pel Forex Bureau<br /> 96. Penguin Princess Forex Bureau<br /> 97. Pinnacle Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 98. Pwani Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 99. Rainbow Forex Bureau<br /> 100. Real Value Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 101. Regional Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 102. Rift Valley Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 103. Safari Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 104. Satellite Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 105. Sky Forex Bureau<br /> 106. Shepherds Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 107. Simba Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 108. Solid Exchange Bureau Ltd<br /> 109. Speedy Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 110. Sterling Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 111. Sunny Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 112. Sunshine Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 113. Taipan Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 114. Tawakal Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 115. Trade Bureau De Change Ltd<br /> 116. Travellers Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 117. Travel Point Forex Bureau Limited<br /> 118. Ukay Centre Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 119. Union Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 120. Victoria Forex Bureau<br /> 121. Village Market Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 122. Wallstreet Bureau De Change Ltd<br /> 123. Wanati Forex Bureau<br /> 124. Warwick Forex Bureau Ltd<br /> 125. Westlands Forex Bureau<br /> 126. Yaya Centre Exchange Bureau Ltd<br /> * Suspended<br /> www.centralbank.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 217</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 874<br /> some parts of the of the Rift Valley.<br /> Kisumu further serves as the communication<br /> and trading confluence<br /> for the Great Lakes region, comprising<br /> Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda<br /> and Burundi. It is the leading commercial,<br /> trading, fishing, industrial,<br /> communication and administrative<br /> centre in the Lake Victoria basin.<br /> It is the transportation hub for<br /> the western region, linking Kenya<br /> to other East African countries via<br /> rail, road, water and air. It is also an<br /> inland depot for oil and containerised<br /> cargo. The town also hosts<br /> regional organisations, including the<br /> East African Community and the<br /> Lake Victoria Basin Commission.<br /> Nakuru, an agricultural hub<br /> The history of Nakuru can perhaps<br /> be traced to the pre-history due to<br /> archeological discoveries 8km from<br /> the town centre at the Hyrax Hill<br /> reserve.Nakuru is Kenya’s fourth<br /> largest town after Nairobi, Mombasa<br /> and Kisumu.<br /> The town derives its name from<br /> the Maasai people of Kenya. Nakuru<br /> was established by the British<br /> as part of the White highlands<br /> during the colonial era and it has<br /> grown into a cosmopolitan town.<br /> It received township status in 1904<br /> and became a municipality in 1952.<br /> The history of Kenya is closely<br /> intertwined with that of Nakuru<br /> as a town and a district. The first<br /> and second presidents of Kenya<br /> — Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel<br /> Moi — maintained semi-official<br /> residences in the town. Agriculture,<br /> manufacturing and tourism are<br /> the backbone of the economy of</div> <div>snowcap on Mt Kenya, a medley of<br /> courses vies for priority.<br /> Kenya has 40 golf courses — 13<br /> are 18-hole, 10 of which are used for<br /> championship events. Six courses<br /> are within a 30km radius of Nairobi,<br /> the capital city. The oldest 18-hole<br /> course is the Royal Nairobi Golf<br /> Club (1906), while the latest is the<br /> David Jones design Vipingo Golf<br /> Resort at the Coast. Several courses<br /> are under construction and a number<br /> are being upgraded from nine to<br /> 18 holes.<br /> In Kenya, the weather is ideal<br /> for golf all year round. On occasions<br /> you might need a sweater<br /> or a jersey, but usually you play in<br /> a polo shirt. In the highlands, the<br /> temperatures are in the low 20s<br /> and at the Coast the high 20s or low<br /> 30s. You are guaranteed 12 hours of<br /> daylight and four to nine hours of<br /> sunshine depending on the season.<br /> During the rainy seasons, (April and<br /> November), rain usually falls before<br /> 10am and after 5pm and almost<br /> never when you play. More and<br /> more clubs have installed sophisticated<br /> watering systems to keep the<br /> course green during the dry season.<br /> Many courses are at an altitude of<br /> more than 1,500m, giving an additional<br /> 10 per cent yardage to your<br /> stroke. Most clubs have a pro-shop<br /> where you can buy whatever you<br /> need. Though there are no golf carts,<br /> Kenya has the luxury of caddies.<br /> Usually, they are good players themselves<br /> and not only carry your bag<br /> and look for your ball in the rough,<br /> but also advise on local rules, help<br /> with your swing and are your companion<br /> and mentor.<br /> Most golf clubs are private membership<br /> resorts and organise many<br /> competitions. At club nights and<br /> weekends, most courses are closed<br /> to visitors, and it is advisable to book<br /> your tee-times through a tour operator.<br /> Muthaiga Golf Club<br /> It is an 18-hole par 71 course at the<br /> edge of Karura Forest on Kiambu<br /> Road, 15km from the Nairobi city<br /> centre. The club foundation stone<br /> was laid in 1912 and had original<br /> nine holes in 1913. Recently, they<br /> underwent major reconstruction by<br /> the respected Peter Markovich. The<br /> golf course became an amenity for<br /> club members and their friends.<br /> In 1926, the course was extended<br /> to 18 holes to accommodate the<br /> growing membership. The club took<br /> on associate members who later<br /> formed the Associate Members<br /> Clubhouse, and later the clubhouse<br /> for the entire golfing section in 1921.<br /> Muthaiga is well-known for fine<br /> greens, which give the club a beautiful<br /> layout and one that has may<br /> challenges in store for regular and<br /> the visiting golfers. The 18-hole<br /> course, that sits by a beautiful<br /> river, has been the host of many<br /> acclaimed tournaments, including<br /> the Kenya Open Golf Championship,<br /> which is part of the European<br /> PGA.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1125</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 996<br /> vegetation. Wildlife at the reserve<br /> includes the Grevy’s zebra, Maasai<br /> and reticulated giraffe, oryx, buffalo<br /> and the lesser kudu. The river hosts<br /> plenty of crocodile and hippo.<br /> The ecosystem is also a stronghold<br /> for birdlife with more than 200<br /> species. They include the whitewinged<br /> Apalis, African open-bill<br /> stork, martial eagle, bat hawk, African<br /> pygmy-falcon, African barred<br /> owlet, scaly babbler, black-bellied<br /> glossy-starling and the golden pipit.<br /> Access is through the Malindi-<br /> Garissa road, 75km from Mombasa.<br /> It can also be reached by air through<br /> Malindi and Mombasa airports. Currently,<br /> there is no accommodation<br /> in the reserve. But visitors can get<br /> space at coastal resorts and towns.<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> Tips for tourists<br /> Currency<br /> Kenya’s currency is the shilling (Sh),<br /> currently exchanging at Sh80 to<br /> the dollar on average. There are no<br /> restrictions into or out of Kenya for<br /> currency transactions. Forex bureau<br /> are available at airports, Nairobi and<br /> major towns.<br /> Travel documents<br /> Following recent legislation, European<br /> visitors do not require a tourist<br /> visa to enter Kenya, but entry business<br /> visas are required. Every traveller<br /> must have a valid passport and,<br /> where necessary, a visa. Passport<br /> holders from certain countries are<br /> Nightlife in Nairobi<br /> Kenya is positioning<br /> itself as a nightlife destination<br /> in the region.<br /> New clubs have opened<br /> in Nairobi’s central business<br /> district and the outskirts<br /> — like Westlands<br /> and Museum Hill. The<br /> city also has new eateries<br /> boasting various<br /> themes from Thai to traditional<br /> African foods to<br /> captivate the local and<br /> international market.<br /> Casinos have sprouted,<br /> increasing night life attractions.<br /> Kenya Tourist<br /> Board promotes casinos,<br /> cafes and nightclubs<br /> in marketing the destination.<br /> They include<br /> Paradise Casino on<br /> Kimathi Street, Florida<br /> International and Carnivore<br /> Restaurant. The<br /> latter is one of the most<br /> recognised nightlife<br /> destinations in the city.<br /> www.eturbonews.com<br /> exempted from visa requirements.<br /> Enquiries can be made at Kenya’s<br /> diplomatic representatives abroad<br /> or the Ministry of Tourism in Nairobi.<br /> Vaccination<br /> Visitors from yellow-fever belt countries,<br /> as well as those who travel<br /> through or disembark in these areas,<br /> have to be inoculated against the<br /> disease.<br /> Accommodation<br /> The tourist accommodation industry<br /> provides a wide variety — from</div> <div>■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> rolled metal (for construction)<br /> from 10 per cent<br /> Import duty for cans for food<br /> packaging reduced from 25 to 10<br /> per cent<br /> Import duty on cement reduced<br /> from 40 to 25 per cent<br /> Import duty on telecommunication<br /> equipment reduced<br /> Import duty on printers used<br /> with computers reduced<br /> Trucks built for garbage collection<br /> exempted from import duty<br /> No VAT on bread and rice<br /> Refund on excise duty paid on<br /> plastic bags local manufacturers<br /> use for packaging<br /> Relief of interest on mortgage<br /> by the National Housing Corporation<br /> up to a maximum of<br /> Sh150,000 ($1,875) a year<br /> Married women to declare<br /> income they have earned from<br /> interest and rent, previously<br /> declared by their husbands<br /> Allowed employers aggrieved by<br /> decisions of the Commissioner<br /> of Domestic Taxes over PAYE to<br /> appeal<br /> Restricted interest and penalties<br /> for taxes to no more than 100 per<br /> cent of the principal tax<br /> Banking, money and finance<br /> Kenya has 43 banks and one mortgage<br /> finance institution, Housing<br /> Finance. (See table above). The<br /> financial sector expanded by 4.6<br /> per cent in 2009 compared to 2.7<br /> per cent in 2008. This was mainly<br /> caused by increased profitability by<br /> banks. But expansion in domestic<br /> credit slowed to 18.2 per cent compared<br /> to a growth of 23.3 per cent<br /> in 2008. The minimum cash ratio<br /> requirement was reduced from 6<br /> per cent in December 2008 to 4.5<br /> per cent by July 2009.<br /> The volume of shares traded<br /> at the Nairobi Stock Exchange<br /> increased from 855 million in 2008<br /> to 1,124 million in 2009. The NSE<br /> 20-Share Index fell by 7.8 per cent to<br /> stand at 3,247 points in December<br /> 2009 compared to 3,521 in December<br /> 2008.<br /> The foreign exchange reserves<br /> rose by more than 30 per cent to<br /> reach $3.8 billion (Sh306 billion)<br /> in April 2010 compared to $2.9<br /> billion (Sh232 billion) in the same<br /> period 2009. Outstanding debt as<br /> at June 30, 2009 was Sh889.9 billion<br /> compared to Sh748.5 billion a year<br /> earlier.<br /> In 2008, Kenya had 887 bank<br /> branches in economically active<br /> areas: Nairobi 353, the Rift Valley<br /> 137, Coast 111, Central 100, Eastern<br /> 75, Nyanza 61, Western 40 and<br /> North Eastern 10.<br /> The Government has reformed<br /> banking to make it internationally<br /> competitive. In 2007, the Ministry<br /> of Finance proposed to raise bank<br /> capital from Sh250 million ($3.1 million)<br /> to Sh1 billion ($12.5 million)<br /> by 2010. This deadline has since<br /> been pushed to 2012. Foreign banks<br /> (Nigerian, South African and others)<br /> are investing in low-capital institutions.<br /> After the profit growth of the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 201</div> <div>Our History<br /> meant one thing: Kenyans were to work and<br /> slave for European settlers. To make this possible,<br /> laws that compelled Kenyans to work<br /> for the Europeans were enacted.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 26<br /> Joseph Murumbi<br /> Joseph Murumbi was<br /> born in 1911 and<br /> became Kenya’s second<br /> Vice-President in 1967<br /> after Oginga Odinga’s<br /> resignation. He was the<br /> child of a Goan father<br /> and a Maasai mother<br /> and spent his first 16<br /> years in India. The<br /> state of emergency on<br /> October 20, 1952, led<br /> to the detention of top<br /> leaders in the Kenya<br /> African Union, and<br /> Murumbi was thrust into<br /> the centre of the party<br /> leadership as acting<br /> secretary-general.<br /> He played a key role in<br /> securing legal counsel<br /> for Kenyatta and other<br /> detainees. He made the<br /> world aware of British<br /> brutality through Indian<br /> newspapers. He was an<br /> art collector and left<br /> behind over 50,000<br /> books and official correspondence.<br /> Murumbi<br /> co-founded African<br /> Heritage with Alan<br /> Donovan, and it became<br /> the largest Pan-African<br /> art gallery in Africa. He<br /> died in 1990.<br /> Legislative Council<br /> The year 1944 was epochal. First, the first<br /> Kenyan, Eliud Mathu, was nominated to the<br /> LEGCO. Second, the first meaningful political<br /> outfit for Kenyans, Kenya African Study<br /> Union (KASU), was formed. It was later<br /> renamed Kenya African Union (KAU) and<br /> later KANU, which ultimately won the 1963<br /> General Elections.<br /> KASU was countered by the Electors<br /> Union, an organisation for Europeans, set up<br /> to pursue unity among their lot. Five years<br /> later, in 1949, the Electors Union developed a<br /> paper, Kenya Plan, that affirmed the settlers’<br /> strategy to continue dominating and holding<br /> onto the colony. In effect, the policy sought<br /> security of tenure for the settlers.<br /> By 1960, Kenya had 61,000 Europeans,<br /> 169,000 Asians and 7.8 million Kenyans. Yet,<br /> 40 per cent of remuneration went to Europeans<br /> who controlled top positions in the Civil<br /> Service and earned the highest salaries. Four<br /> thousand settlers controlled 83 per cent of<br /> agricultural export revenue.<br /> Kenyatta returns<br /> The sad state of affairs was appalling to<br /> the Kenyan elite. It struck Kenyatta when<br /> he returned from London in 1946. Fresh<br /> from meetings in Britain and Russia where<br /> like-minded people talked about Africa’s<br /> independence and unity, his return added<br /> the much-needed impetus to the freedom<br /> struggle. He declared that the tree of freedom<br /> had to be watered by blood.<br /> Kenyatta took over the running of Githun-</div> <div>Water sources<br /> Kenya has five main drainage<br /> areas: Lake Victoria covers 8<br /> per cent of the country<br /> Rift Valley and inland lakes<br /> — 22.5 per cent<br /> Athi River and Coast — 11.5<br /> per cent<br /> Tana River — 21.7 per cent<br /> Ewaso Ng’iro — 36.3 per<br /> cent<br /> The renewable surface water<br /> is estimated at 20.2km3/<br /> year, while 3.5km3 of<br /> groundwater is produced annually,<br /> of which 3km3/year<br /> overlaps the surface water.<br /> It is estimated that 10km3/<br /> year of water enters the<br /> country via trans-boundary<br /> rivers. The annual safe<br /> abstraction yield of groundwater<br /> is estimated at 0.6km3<br /> — 0.4km3 is the yield from<br /> shallow wells and 0.2km3<br /> from boreholes.<br /> www.eoearth.org/kenya<br /> lished guidelines on handing over rural water<br /> systems to communities (Ministry of Land<br /> Reclamation, Regional and Water Development,<br /> 1997). The manual indicated that the<br /> ministry would only transfer management,<br /> and communities would act as custodians.<br /> The criteria for handing over — capacity of<br /> the community, ability to pay, capacity to<br /> operate and maintain the system, involvement<br /> of women in management and ability<br /> and willingness to form community groups<br /> with legal status.<br /> In 1999, the Government developed a<br /> policy, the National Water Policy. It tackled<br /> issues on water management, sewerage<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 515</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 48<br /> Maasai: Pride in culture<br /> The Maasai have preserved<br /> their culture despite Western<br /> influence. Their ancestors<br /> came from North Africa and<br /> migrated south along the<br /> Nile, arriving in northern Kenya<br /> in the 15th century. They<br /> moved south to Rift Valley<br /> and Tanzania and conquered<br /> many groups. The Maasai live<br /> in Kajiado and Narok, and<br /> practise nomadic pastoralism,<br /> and work in various sectors<br /> of the economy. The warrior<br /> is of great importance and<br /> pride in Maasai culture. From<br /> boyhood to adulthood, boys<br /> learn the responsibilities of<br /> manhood. Boys are mentored<br /> to become warriors. A ceremony,<br /> eunoto, is performed<br /> to graduate morans to<br /> warriors.<br /> www.kenya-information-guide.com<br /> at the Coast with a mixture of Arabic. Originally<br /> spoken at the Coast, the language is<br /> now widely spoken throughout Kenya and,<br /> indeed, eastern Africa.<br /> Kiswahili aims to create national cohesion<br /> and understanding based on communication<br /> of values through a common language.<br /> As Kenyans intermarry, Kiswahili has taken a<br /> new shape as it borrows from local languages<br /> and English to create a new language, Sheng.<br /> The official language, English, is used for<br /> international trade, education and jurisprudence.<br /> Both languages, however, are used in politics,<br /> among other situations.</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> Kenya Women<br /> Finance Trust (KWFT)<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 192<br /> Women professionals<br /> met in 1981 to set up a<br /> woman-serving, womanled<br /> bank. Those who had<br /> big incomes contributed<br /> Sh2,000 ($25) and became<br /> ‘founder members’. Those<br /> with moderate incomes<br /> paid Sh500 ($6.25) and<br /> became associate members.<br /> Ordinary members<br /> paid Sh250 ($3.125).<br /> But they set up a trust<br /> because of prohibitive<br /> banking regulations. KWFT<br /> was born. It is the largest<br /> and only micro-finance<br /> institution exclusively for<br /> women. It has more than<br /> 100,000 members from<br /> seven of Kenya’s eight<br /> provinces.<br /> www.kwft.org<br /> defined long and short-term agenda on<br /> development priorities. They developed institutional<br /> structures to implement short-term<br /> and medium-term actions, making it possible<br /> to reorder priorities to achieve the long-term<br /> vision.<br /> Kenya Vision 2030 is the Government’s<br /> economic, social and political strategy for the<br /> next 20 years. It is being implemented in successful<br /> five-year Medium-Term Plans (MTP),<br /> with the first covering the period 2008–2012.<br /> Through the development plans, the country<br /> has set out to meet the Millennium Development<br /> Goals (MDGs), whose deadline is 2015.<br /> Key flagship projects are in the pipeline to<br /> help achieve Vision 2030, whose adoption followed<br /> the implementation of the Economic<br /> Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employ-</div> <div>The Cockroach Dance), which dealt<br /> with the rapid urbanisation.<br /> He has published 11 novels,<br /> including short stories, children’s<br /> books and work with a variety of<br /> projects in film. His books have<br /> been translated into six languages<br /> and two acted as films. The author<br /> has received awards in Kenya and<br /> abroad.<br /> Odaga Asenath Bole<br /> She is a prolific writer of children’s<br /> literature. Between 1988 and1993,<br /> she was the chairperson of the<br /> Children’s Literature Association of<br /> Kenya. She has published books in<br /> English and Dholuo. Her fiction for<br /> younger children focuses on daily<br /> activities.<br /> Publishers<br /> Well-known publishers are Longhorn,<br /> Kenya Literature Bureau,<br /> Jomo Kenyatta Foundation, East<br /> African Educational Publishers,<br /> Macmillan Kenya, Longman and<br /> Oxford University Press. Sasa Sema,<br /> Mvule and Storymoja are other publishers<br /> in Kenya.<br /> Organisations such as Kwani<br /> Trust promote young writers. The<br /> Trust, founded by editor Binyavanga<br /> Wainaina in 2003, is a literary hub<br /> for writers committed to the growth<br /> of the region’s creative industry<br /> through publishing and contemporary<br /> African literature. It offers training,<br /> organises literary events and<br /> establishes global literary networks.<br /> It has published more than 30 new<br /> writers. Kwani Trust releases an<br /> annual journal, Kwani, that features<br /> writing from Kenya, Kwani Novel<br /> series and Kwani Short Story series.<br /> Kenya has a robust poetry scene<br /> with big names such as Betty<br /> Muragori and award-winning poet<br /> Shailja Patel. The spoken word has<br /> also gained prominence with young<br /> people such as Dissi Obanda and<br /> Oballa Dan at the forefront.<br /> Oral Literature<br /> African literature had long been an<br /> exclusively oral tradition, and the<br /> writing of stories only began with<br /> European colonisation. In precolonial<br /> Africa, performance held an<br /> important role.<br /> Oral literature was one of the<br /> primary forms of literature as Kenya<br /> did not have a script culture. Orature<br /> (that is based on performance)<br /> or oral narratives holds an important<br /> position in the life of indigenous<br /> communities. Kenyan literature<br /> is tremendously influenced by its<br /> oral culture and community life. It<br /> includes a large body of oral and<br /> written folklore, much of the latter<br /> collected by local and foreign<br /> anthropologists.<br /> Oral Literature has pride of place<br /> especially because of its link with<br /> the written word. It is taught in<br /> schools and institutions of higher<br /> learning. Research has been done<br /> on narratives, song,s dance, riddles,<br /> proverbs and other art forms in<br /> many communities in Kenya.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 151</div> <div>forests destruction. Thee work<br /> includes:<br /> • Involving people living adjacent<br /> to forests in reforestation and<br /> afforestation projects<br /> • Promoting farm forestry and<br /> boosting access to markets for<br /> products that reduce dependency<br /> on forest resources<br /> • Speeding up participatory forest<br /> management to enhance community<br /> livelihoods<br /> • Promoting value addition of forest<br /> products<br /> • Evicting people living in water<br /> catchment areas and protecting<br /> the forests with electric fencing<br /> Waste management<br /> In 2006, the Government enacted<br /> the Environmental Management<br /> and Coordination (Waste Management)<br /> Regulations, which require<br /> people dealing with waste transportation,<br /> disposal of and treatment to<br /> obtain licences from NEMA.<br /> The regulations provide for various<br /> categories of waste — industrial,<br /> hazardous and toxic waste;<br /> pesticides and toxic substances,<br /> biomedical waste, and radioactive<br /> substances.<br /> The Ministry of Local Government,<br /> through local authorities,<br /> works with the Ministry of Environment<br /> and Mineral Resources and<br /> NEMA to ensure proper solid waste<br /> disposal in cities and towns. NEMA<br /> licenses transporters, incinerators,<br /> compositers, recyclers and transfer<br /> stations.<br /> Pollution<br /> The Environmental Management<br /> and Coordination Act prohibits air<br /> pollution. In 2009, Kenya gazetted<br /> Air Quality Regulations and Standards,<br /> which are important in urban<br /> areas where human population is<br /> concentrated.<br /> There are plans to amend the<br /> Environmental Impact Assessment<br /> and Audit Regulations, which have<br /> been in force since 2003. Kenya is<br /> committed to sustainable management<br /> of environmental resources.<br /> Ozone layer<br /> The Government has adopted the<br /> Vienna Convention for the Protection<br /> of the Ozone Layer, which calls<br /> for the protection of human health<br /> and the environment from human<br /> activities that modify the ozone<br /> layer. It also calls for alternative substances<br /> or technologies for eliminating<br /> chlorofluorocarbons and<br /> protecting the ozone layer, and for<br /> continuous research and exchange<br /> of information.<br /> Emissions<br /> The Public Health Act deals with<br /> smoke emissions and identifies<br /> quantities that are not dangerous to<br /> human health. The Traffic Act has<br /> spelt out measures on vehicle emissions<br /> and prohibits smoke or visible<br /> vapour.<br /> The Factories Act provides for<br /> better regulation of gases and fumes<br /> and aims at ensuring the health of<br /> workers. The Merchant Shipping<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 503</div> <div>Economy, Science and Finance research and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 902<br /> Ethical considerations<br /> (a) In regard to research involving<br /> human subjects, the following<br /> must be observed:<br /> • Do no harm<br /> • Direct benefit to study subjects<br /> or community should exist<br /> • Consent of subjects or community<br /> leaders, including possible<br /> benefits, risks and inconveniences<br /> (consent-seeking<br /> information sheet and informed<br /> consent form)<br /> • Indicate the method of confidentiality<br /> of information obtained. In<br /> case of new drugs or procedures<br /> to be used on human subjects,<br /> possible side effects, reactions and<br /> results of previous use even in animals<br /> should be stated<br /> • In investigations involving<br /> animals, the following must be<br /> observed: Methods to minimise<br /> pain and distress must be specified<br /> • A justification must be made for<br /> not using drugs to alleviate pain<br /> and distress<br /> • The method of euthanasia<br /> should be specified.</div> <div>Oral Tradition and History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 102<br /> accessing modern society and economic<br /> wealth. It is essential, therefore, not only to<br /> create a political environment that encourages<br /> communities to become aware of their<br /> cultural treasures and preserve them.<br /> Cultural heritage is disappearing from<br /> many Kenyan communities due to rapid<br /> changes in lifestyle, which hinder the transfer<br /> of knowledge from the elders to the younger<br /> generation. There are four factors that contribute<br /> to the extinction of intangible cultural<br /> heritage in Kenya:<br /> a )Local communities have not been sensitised<br /> of the importance the knowledge they<br /> have is and many consider their cultural heritage<br /> a hindrance to economic wealth</div> <div>and dialects and one of the most<br /> richly diverse social tapestries on<br /> earth. The heritage stretches back<br /> longer than most, and the depth<br /> of history can be seen at the three<br /> UNESCO World Heritage sites in<br /> Kenya. At Koobi Fora, some of the<br /> earliest evidence of human habitation<br /> on earth has been found, while<br /> the streets of Lamu echo with the<br /> history of centuries of sea trade,<br /> while Mt Kenya is a biosphere<br /> reserve that combines the respect<br /> for a traditional symbol of creation<br /> and the need to conserve our environment<br /> for the future.<br /> Many opportunities are available.<br /> To travel through Kenya is to experience<br /> a unique cultural mosaic as old<br /> as creation. Meet the Swahili sailors<br /> of the Coast, visit the thorn-enclosed<br /> villages of the Maasai in the south,<br /> walk alongside Samburu warriors in<br /> the northern wilderness or fish with<br /> the Luo, master fishermen of Lake<br /> Victoria, in the west. Anywhere you<br /> travel in Kenya, you find new and<br /> fascinating cultures, and cultural<br /> events.<br /> From the annual Maulidi celebrations<br /> in Lamu and the bullfights<br /> of Kakamega to the Mombasa<br /> Carnival, there are enough festivals,<br /> events and ceremonies to fill<br /> a calendar and ensure that there is<br /> always something new and exciting<br /> to experience anywhere, anytime.<br /> Bull-fighting is a recent tourist<br /> attraction in western Kenya and is<br /> unique to the country. The event<br /> takes place early in the morning and<br /> those who attend have the opportunity<br /> to visit the Kakamega Forest,<br /> and see the ‘Crying Stone’.<br /> But there is a greater value in cultural<br /> tourism. At a time when racial<br /> and religious conflicts threaten the<br /> world, it is only through a better<br /> understanding of human cultures<br /> and beliefs that the global community<br /> will come together and achieve<br /> lasting peace.<br /> Eco-tourism<br /> Tourists are increasingly interacting<br /> with local communities and want<br /> to stay in places that impact on the<br /> environment, wildlife and the local<br /> population. Throughout Kenya,<br /> there is growing awareness of the<br /> benefits of community tourism<br /> projects.<br /> Communities that have allowed<br /> access to their land have seen their<br /> lifestyles improve through increased<br /> revenue in form of wages, land<br /> leases and development funds.<br /> Several eco-tourism projects have<br /> built boreholes, schools and clinics<br /> for local communities. Notable community<br /> tourism projects include<br /> Ngwesi and Tassia in Laikipia District,<br /> Sarara in Namunyak, Shompole<br /> in Magadi and Losikitok in<br /> Amboseli.<br /> They range from complete community<br /> management to a partnership<br /> with an investor or trust that<br /> provides capital for building guesthouses<br /> and related facilities.<br /> In most cases, the community<br /> provides land through a lease and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1015</div> <div>Water Service<br /> Board<br /> District<br /> Name<br /> Pan (P) Dam (D)<br /> Works<br /> carried<br /> out<br /> Volume m3<br /> Amount (Sh)<br /> Mandera Chirokoi (P) New 11,000 3,500,000<br /> Wargarassi (P) Rehab 16,000 3,449,400<br /> Qarasa Qhoromai (P) New 12,000 2,500,000<br /> Chebibari (P) New 15,762 3,800,000<br /> Dandu IIIi (P) New 12,000 2,200,000<br /> Gubai (P)<br /> Rehab/<br /> Linning<br /> 7,000 3,500,000<br /> Malkamari Tank I (Tank) New 250 2,200,000<br /> Malkamari Tank II<br /> (Tank)<br /> New 250 2,200,000<br /> Warankara Ii (P) New 20,000 4,500,000<br /> Chiroko Tank (Tank) New 250 2,200,000<br /> Wajir Hadika/Butei (P) New 20,000 3,200,000<br /> Bute IIi (P) New 25,000 3,249,000<br /> Samburu Naisunyai’ A’ (D) New 20,000 3,097,000<br /> Garissa Benane/Dogobi (P) New 20,000 3,040,000<br /> Laikipia Majani (D) New 20,000 3,375,000<br /> Rift Valley Koibatek Nitilili (P) Desilt 12,000 1,752,300<br /> Menereri (P) Desilt 16,000 2,864,900<br /> Narok Enkiloriti ‘B’i (P) Desilting 15,000 2,904,900<br /> Baringo Chepkoghioi (P) New 12,500 2,800,000<br /> West<br /> Pokot<br /> Chepkogh Mogheni (P) New 12,000 2,181,980<br /> Aparukii (P) New 12,000 2,443,800<br /> Sosioni (P) New 12,000 2,164,500<br /> Turkana Kakongi (P) New 10,400 2,500,000<br /> Kanaikii (P) New 10,400 2,028,600<br /> Lokwamsingi (P) New 10,400 2,573,520<br /> Nakuru NYSi (P) New 20,000<br /> Tana Nyeri Ndiriti Aguthi (D) New 28,000 3,368,000<br /> Tharaka Kirwiro- Nkarini (D) New 18,000 2,076,500<br /> Coast Tana River Metii (P) New 8,000 1,200,000<br /> Rododalei (P) Desilting 14,000 2,446,000<br /> Tulai (P) Desilting 15,000 3,285,000<br /> Kilifi Ngoja Papoi (P) New 19,000 2,800,000<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 553</div> <div>of carrying capacities and genetic<br /> variety. It conserves species, and<br /> ensures the survival of endangered<br /> ones. Through bio-prospecting, it<br /> boosts the efforts on biotechnology<br /> — strategy for conservation and<br /> management of aloe species and<br /> identification, discovery and characterisation<br /> of useful compounds,<br /> DNA extracts, genes and microbes<br /> from wildlife<br /> The KWS manages and protects<br /> critical water catchments — Mt<br /> Kenya, the Aberdares, Mt Elgon,<br /> Chyulu and Marsabit. It is also<br /> involved, with other agencies, in protecting<br /> and restoring the Mau Forest.<br /> The KWS thus safeguards the<br /> source of much of Kenya’s energy<br /> — 70 per cent of electricity comes<br /> from hydroelectric dams. Most of<br /> them are on the Tana River, which<br /> flows from Mt Kenya and Aberdares<br /> national parks. The second largest<br /> source is the Turkwel Gorge in the<br /> Nasolot National Reserve, Pokot.<br /> Geothermal power is generated at<br /> Hell’s Gate National Park in Naivasha.<br /> Internationally, the KWS coordinates<br /> biodiversity related environmental<br /> agreements, formation of<br /> the African Elephant Coalition and<br /> CITES convention.<br /> The KWS is a disciplined and<br /> uniformed force that supplements<br /> national security. It protects wildlife,<br /> people and property. With its wealth<br /> of experience, KWS contributes to<br /> policy on land, tourism, fisheries,<br /> forest conservation, water and envi-<br /> ronmental management.<br /> Kenya is a signatory to environmental<br /> conventions and protocols.<br /> As the designated national authority<br /> on wildlife, KWS interprets the<br /> conventions, adapts them to local<br /> conditions and implements them.<br /> Law enforcement and regulation<br /> KWS has made great strides in<br /> enhancing the safety of wildlife.<br /> Ground and aerial patrols, targeting<br /> poachers and providing security to<br /> wildlife, habitats and tourists — have<br /> started. It works with the police,<br /> Customs, Kenya Airports Authority,<br /> the Judiciary and the Kenya Forest<br /> Service to boost conservation and<br /> protection of natural resources.<br /> They include cross-border wildlife<br /> security initiatives with Tanzania<br /> and Uganda wildlife authorities. It<br /> has a dog unit at the KWS Training<br /> Institute to protect wildlife in and<br /> outside the sanctuary<br /> KWS partners<br /> Communities near parks include<br /> private ranchers, local authorities ,<br /> development partners, conservation<br /> NGOs, tourism agencies, hotels,<br /> investors and tourists.<br /> KWS Training Institute<br /> It is in Naivasha, a lakeside tourist<br /> town surrounded by a horticultural<br /> and fishing industry, about 90km<br /> north-west of Nairobi. The institute<br /> was established in 1985 and was<br /> originally known as the Naivasha<br /> Wildlife and Fisheries Training<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1057</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 30<br /> In fact, Mau Mau marked the peak<br /> of Kenyan nationalism – the middle<br /> class became stronger and many<br /> Kenyans went to school and those<br /> who were well-educated appointed<br /> as DOs.<br /> Political parties<br /> But without political parties, which<br /> were banned at the height of the<br /> Emergency in the early 1950s, trade<br /> unions flourished, among them<br /> Mboya’s KFL.<br /> When the colonial government<br /> lifted the ban on political parties<br /> in 1955, many emerged. However,<br /> they differed on their agitation for<br /> freedom. On November 10, 1959,<br /> the State of Emergency was lifted.<br /> This sparked a flurry of events. KAU,<br /> which had been banned in 1952,<br /> was revived and transformed into<br /> KANU in 1960.<br /> Differences among leaders eventually<br /> led to the emergence of two<br /> key parties, KANU (which had the<br /> support of the two largest communities,<br /> Gikuyu and Luo) and KADU<br /> led by Ngala, Muliro, Moi and Justus<br /> ole Tipis). KADU, which was<br /> essentially a coalition of small tribes,<br /> advocated majimbo (regionalism, a<br /> loose form of federalism) to counter<br /> the Gikuyu-Luo dominance.<br /> The phobia for dominance was<br /> so perverse that some parties<br /> which drew support from regions<br /> were formed, including those that<br /> claimed to take care of the interests<br /> of the Akamba, Kalenjin, Abaluhya,<br /> Maasai and the people of the Coast.<br /> The Somali, Maasai and some<br /> coastal people contemplated secession.<br /> It was a fluid time that threatened<br /> to scuttle all effort towards<br /> self-rule.<br /> Lancaster conferences<br /> The release of Kenyatta on August<br /> 14, 1961 from detention was a special<br /> event in Kenya’s history.<br /> To prepare for independence, the<br /> colonial regime arranged a series<br /> of meetings at Lancaster House in<br /> London. The meetings were called<br /> Lancaster House conferences<br /> (1960, 1962 and 1963) and discussed<br /> a constitutional framework<br /> that would guide independence and<br /> after.<br /> A new constitution was agreed<br /> on in 1963 and Independence<br /> plans were finalised. The new law<br /> entrenched human rights, citizenship<br /> and the composition of the Legislature:<br /> bicameral Parliament.<br /> Majimbo government<br /> In the February 1961 elections,<br /> KANU won 18 seats and KADU<br /> 11. Twenty seats were reserved by<br /> quota for Europeans, Asians and<br /> Arabs. Under the Lancaster Constitutional<br /> Conference agreement,<br /> KANU and KADU entered a coalition<br /> headed by Kenyatta and Ngala.<br /> A bicameral legislature, comprising<br /> 117 members of the House of<br /> Representatives and 41 of the Senate,<br /> was established. Kenya was<br /> divided into seven jimbos, each with<br /> an assembly. But in the May 1963</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1096<br /> Paralympic Games<br /> Kenya made its début at this event<br /> in the 1972 Summer Paralympics.<br /> It was absent in 1976, but returned<br /> to the 1980 Summer Games and<br /> has competed in every edition since<br /> then. It has never competed at the<br /> Winter Paralympics.<br /> Kenyans have won 36 Paralympic<br /> medals: 14 gold, 13 silver and nine<br /> bronze. All but one of the medals<br /> has been in the track and field. This<br /> puts Kenya in 49th place on the<br /> all time Paralympic Games medal<br /> table.<br /> Kenya’s gold medallists are:<br /> Lucy Wanjiru (javelin 1980)<br /> Japheth Musyoki (shot putt 1984)<br /> Mary Nakhumicha (javelin 1992)<br /> Christopher Moori (javelin 1996)<br /> Henry Wanyoike (5,000m 2000;<br /> 5,000m and 10,000m, 2004)<br /> Joseph Ngorialuk (5,000m 2004)<br /> Henry Kiprono Kirwa (1,500,<br /> 5,000 and 10,000 2008)<br /> Abraham Cheruiyot Tarbei<br /> (1,500m and 5,000m 2008)<br /> Athletics Kenya (AK)<br /> Formerly Kenya Amateur Athletics<br /> Association, it is the body governing<br /> the sport in Kenya. It is a member<br /> of the IAAF and Confederation of<br /> African Athletics. AK organises athletics<br /> competitions held in Kenya. It<br /> also sends Kenyan teams to international<br /> championships.<br /> AK’s headquarters is Riadha<br /> House, next to the Nyayo National<br /> Man for all seasons<br /> Paul Tergat is a long distance<br /> runner of all times. He was<br /> born in 1969 in Baringo. His<br /> exceptional career began<br /> in 1992 when he won the<br /> Kenyan Cross Country Championships<br /> title. Tergat won a<br /> record five consecutive IAAF<br /> World Cross Country titles<br /> from 1995 to 1999. He won<br /> two World Championships<br /> (1997 and 1999) and two<br /> Olympics (1996 and 2000)<br /> silver medals in the 10,000m.<br /> His most memorable victory<br /> was the sprint finish at New<br /> York City Marathon on November<br /> 6, 2005. Tergat won two<br /> consecutive IAAF World Half<br /> Marathon Championships in<br /> 1999 and 2000. In September<br /> 2003, he broke the Marathon<br /> World record in Berlin. Tergat<br /> is married and has three<br /> children. He is a goodwill<br /> ambassador for the WFP.<br /> www.paultergat.net<br /> FIFA WORLD RANKINGS - AUGUST 2009<br /> RANK COUNTRY<br /> 1 Brazil<br /> 2 Spain<br /> 3 Netherlands<br /> 4 Germany<br /> 5 Italy<br /> 6 Russia<br /> 7 England<br /> 8 Argentina<br /> 9 France<br /> 10 Croatia<br /> 75 Uganda<br /> 93 Tanzania<br /> 105 Kenya</div> <div>PRIVATISATION OF TELKOM KENYA<br /> Telkom Kenya was established as a public<br /> telecommunications operator under<br /> the Companies Act in April 1999 after<br /> Kenya Posts and Telecommunications<br /> Corporation was split into three — Posta,<br /> Communications Commission of Kenya<br /> and Telkom.<br /> It has a wide range of services, easily<br /> accessible to many people throughout<br /> the country. The wireline market is still<br /> dominated by Telkom Kenya though<br /> its monopoly ended in 2004 with the<br /> entrance of licensed regional telecommunications<br /> operator Bell Western, and<br /> the start of the process to give a licence<br /> for a second national operator (SNO).<br /> Bell Western has not launched operations,<br /> and the award of a SNO licence<br /> has been stopped twice: First in 2004<br /> because only one party (Norwegian<br /> Telenor) had met Government criteria,<br /> and then in 2006 because the entity<br /> awarded the licence (a consortium<br /> headed by Dubai-based Vtel) failed to<br /> pay licence fees in time.<br /> In 2006, CCK awarded a licence to a new<br /> second national operator, VTel, but cancelled<br /> it the following year. It was initially<br /> envisaged that the second player would<br /> hold all the licences held by Telkom Kenya<br /> and another one for mobile services.<br /> Telkom’s privatisation was implemented<br /> in 2007, with the Government selling 49<br /> per cent of its stake to France Telecom,<br /> which was selected from a field of three<br /> players.<br /> The firm has since invested more than<br /> Sh20 billion ($26.7 million) in Telkom<br /> Kenya to boost its network, streamline<br /> the workforce of 17,000 workers to an<br /> optimal 5,000 and inject modern technology<br /> in operations.<br /> As a result, Telkom Kenya has evolved<br /> and broadened its scope and the services<br /> offered are of international standard.<br /> Apart from its flagship — fixed telephony business — Telkom Kenya has a range of<br /> technologies. In September 2006, it signed a contract with Chinese manufacturer Huawei<br /> to set up a CDMA 2000 access network and a microwave backbone to increase access and<br /> subscribers on the fixed network, albeit on a fixed wireless basis.<br /> www.telcom.co.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 247</div> <div>Introduction<br /> The Ministry of Immigration and Registration of Persons<br /> journey to the present began in 1906, when the colonial<br /> government enacted the Immigration Restriction Ordinance.<br /> It was revised several times — in 1940 to admit<br /> women and children and 1962 to give birth to the Immigration<br /> Act of 1967.<br /> The journey climaxed in 2005 when the ministry was created<br /> under the Office of the Vice-President. Prior to this, the departments<br /> that dealt with population registration and personal data were scattered<br /> across different ministries, complicating registration of Kenyans<br /> and aliens. The ministry’s mandate of covers immigration services,<br /> border control management, registration of births and deaths, refugee<br /> services and management<br /> of the population registration<br /> system. It is a ministry<br /> under the Office of the Vice-<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> President. Its departments<br /> are Immigration, National<br /> 10<br /> Registration Bureau, Civil<br /> Registration, Refugee Affairs<br /> and Intergraded Populatio<br /> Registration.<br /> Reforms<br /> The ministry’s reform plan<br /> will cost Sh29.8 billion<br /> ($372.5 million) in four years<br /> to meet its objective in population<br /> registration and migration,<br /> and to steer Kenya into<br /> a globally competitive and<br /> prosperous country by 2030.<br /> The number of days it takes<br /> to apply and get a new<br /> passport due to successive<br /> reforms in Immigration<br /> since President Kibaki came<br /> to power<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 879</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 500<br /> such as run-off and deposits from<br /> volcanic eruptions, as well as sewage<br /> effluent, oil spills from tankers<br /> transporting oil and from cleaning<br /> activities near the shore.<br /> Pollution interferes with the<br /> marine ecosystem and causes death<br /> of aquatic organisms and loss of<br /> aesthetic value of the marine environment<br /> and biodiversity.<br /> Arid lands<br /> Kenya has an expansive arid and<br /> semi-arid area. In the north-west,<br /> scrublands straddle Lake Turkana<br /> and the Kulal Mountains. Kenya is<br /> party to the United Nations Convention<br /> to Combat Desertification. The<br /> main form of land use in the Arid<br /> and Semi-arid Lands (ASALs) is<br /> pastoralism.<br /> The animals kept are camels,<br /> cattle, goats and sheep. ASALs<br /> account for 60 per cent of the livestock<br /> population in the country. The<br /> Government and stakeholders have<br /> revitalised the desertification action<br /> plan and developed early warning<br /> systems.<br /> Rift Valley<br /> The Great Rift Valley lies north of<br /> Nairobi. It is an irregular depression<br /> that cuts through western<br /> Kenya from north to south in two<br /> branches. In the south, mountains<br /> descend westwards to the shores of<br /> Lake Victoria.<br /> Kenya’s principal rivers, the Tana<br /> (710km) and Athi (390km), flow<br /> south-east to the Indian Ocean.<br /> Lakes<br /> Kenya’s main lakes, such as Nakuru,<br /> Naivasha, Victoria and Turkana,<br /> comprise lacustrine wetlands. Most<br /> of the lakes are in well-watered parts<br /> such as the Coast, the highlands and<br /> the Lake Victoria basin. Lakes Baringo,<br /> Naivasha, Bogoria, Nakuru and<br /> Elementaita are recognised under<br /> the Ramsar Convention, a clear<br /> indication of sound environmental<br /> management<br /> Climate change<br /> Kenya is signatory to the United<br /> Nations Framework Convention on<br /> Climate Change. Like many other<br /> countries, Kenya is concerned about<br /> the threats to the environment and<br /> the people, and about the challenges<br /> that climate change poses to<br /> economic advancement. Kenya is<br /> dealing with the challenge of high<br /> emission of greenhouse gases and<br /> the devastating impact of climate<br /> change such as floods and drought.<br /> The country has endeavoured to<br /> implement the Kyoto Protocol’s<br /> Clean Development Mechanisms<br /> and is developing a National Climate<br /> Change Strategy.<br /> Other measures include an<br /> integrated national strategy on sustainable<br /> use of renewable energy<br /> such as wind, solar, mini and microhydro<br /> geothermal and biomass.<br /> The cleaner production concept<br /> is promoted in energy production<br /> and consumption activities. In addition,<br /> Kenya is developing an integrated,<br /> early warning and response</div> <div>four RDAs<br /> • 3,715,000 tree seedlings produced<br /> for conservation and commercial<br /> forestry<br /> • 26 acres of commercial woodlots<br /> established<br /> • Two commercial tree crop<br /> nurseries and eight community<br /> income-generating tree nurseries<br /> established<br /> • Five awareness and education<br /> workshops for conservation of<br /> Mau Forest Complex held<br /> • Support from development<br /> partners¬ mobilised for the<br /> conservation of the Maasai Mau<br /> Forest. The donors are UNEP<br /> and KFWG, among others. About<br /> Sh400 million is targeted<br /> • 30 acres of trees established<br /> under the ‘Green Schools Programmes’<br /> in 20 institutions<br /> • 124 acres of forest cover established<br /> in Ewaso Ng’iro North<br /> • 55 community groups trained in<br /> Ewaso Ng’iro North<br /> tion provided under irrigation in<br /> Malindi (150 acres), Marakwet<br /> (200 acres) and Central Pokot<br /> (680 acres) districts<br /> • 225 acres of rangeland have<br /> been re-seeded with indigenous<br /> perennial grasses for seed and<br /> pasture<br /> • 600 acres, targeting 500 households,<br /> planted under the Integrated<br /> Tea Development in<br /> Trans Mara District<br /> Fisheries and aquaculture<br /> • 970,000 fingerlings produced and<br /> sold to farmers to improve fish<br /> farming and income generation<br /> • 97 community ponds and two<br /> fish landing sites rehabilitated<br /> • 104 new ponds constructed<br /> • 247 farmers trained on aquaculture<br /> • 400 fishing gear given to fishermen<br /> in Lake Turkana<br /> • Three fishermen’s saving credit<br /> schemes established at the Coast<br /> Agriculture and livestock<br /> production<br /> • 33 high-yield breeding animals<br /> provided or sold to farmers as incalf<br /> heifers or bull calves<br /> • 16 youth groups and 160 farmers<br /> trained on diversification, honey<br /> production and value addition in<br /> livestock<br /> • Three demonstration units of<br /> Vanilla and Jathropha established<br /> in CDA region<br /> • 1,030 acres of land rehabilitated<br /> and support for crop produc-<br /> Ongoing projects<br /> The Lake Basin Development<br /> Authority’s (LBDA) Kimira-Oluch<br /> Irrigation project in Rachuonyo and<br /> Homa Bay at Sh3.2 billion ($42.5<br /> million). It is funded by the African<br /> Development Bank.<br /> The Ewaso Ng’iro South Development<br /> Authority’s Mau Integrated<br /> Conservation Project at Sh400 million<br /> ($5 million). The project is part<br /> of the 988,422 acres of Mau complex<br /> that are being restored.<br /> The Ewaso Ng’iro North Natural<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 951</div> <div>WOMEN’S WORLD RANKING<br /> RANK COUNTRY POINTS<br /> 1 Brazil 255<br /> 2 United States 198<br /> 3 Cuba 190<br /> 4 Italy 185<br /> 5 China 154<br /> 6 Japan 128<br /> 7 Serbia 123<br /> 8 Russia 106<br /> 9 Poland 61<br /> 10 South Korea 37<br /> 16 Kenya 29.5<br /> MEN’S WORLD RANKING<br /> RANK COUNTRY POINTS<br /> 1 Brazil 223<br /> 2 United States 198<br /> 3 Russia 185<br /> 4 Bulgaria 132.5<br /> 5 Serbia 117<br /> 6 Italy 111<br /> 7 Poland 105.5<br /> 8 China 69.5<br /> 9 Japan 53<br /> 10 Spain 51<br /> Women’s national team<br /> It is arguably the most successful<br /> volleyball side in Africa. It has been<br /> consistent in the continent and<br /> beaten great teams such as Egypt<br /> and Algeria. It regularly participates<br /> in the Olympic Games, save for Beijing<br /> where Algeria grabbed the only<br /> ticket to represent Africa.<br /> The team first took part in the<br /> 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney,<br /> Australia, when African teams were<br /> given a chance to compete among<br /> themselves and not with a team<br /> from Europe. Before Africa was<br /> given the chance, it was difficult for<br /> the continent to get a ticket to the<br /> Games.<br /> The team has also taken part in<br /> the World Championships and the<br /> World Cup. It has already sealed a<br /> slot for the 2010 World Championships<br /> in Japan. Even though the<br /> team’s show at global events has not<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1111</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya’s health<br /> sector is managed<br /> under<br /> two ministries<br /> — Medical<br /> Services and Public Health<br /> and Sanitation. The Ministry of<br /> Medical Services coordinates<br /> overall guidance of the sector.<br /> There are clear communication<br /> links between the national,<br /> provincial and district levels for<br /> ease of planning, operations,<br /> monitoring and evaluation.<br /> The Ministry of Public Health<br /> and Sanitation deals with preventive,<br /> promotive and community<br /> health services.<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 778<br /> The number of graduate<br /> nurses with a Bachelor of<br /> Science degree in Kenya<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 377</div> <div>elections, KANU controlled Central, Eastern<br /> and Nyanza and won a majority in the Senate<br /> and House of Representatives. KADU controlled<br /> Coast, Rift Valley and Western regions.<br /> Lancaster House talks<br /> Kenya’s independence was<br /> negotiated at Lancaster<br /> House, UK. It is a mansion<br /> in the St James’ District in<br /> the West End of London<br /> and Iclose to St James’s<br /> Palace. Much of the site<br /> was once part of the palace<br /> complex. The building is<br /> managed by the Foreign<br /> and Commonwealth Office.<br /> Construction started in 1825<br /> for the Duke of York, King<br /> George III’s second son, and<br /> it was known as York House.<br /> In 2007, it was used in the<br /> film, National Treasure: The<br /> Book of Secrets, as the interior<br /> for Buckingham Palace.<br /> The House was also used<br /> in the movie, The Young<br /> Victoria, released in 2009.<br /> Self-government<br /> Kenya’s struggle for self-governance bore<br /> fruit when Kenyans went to the polls in May<br /> 1963. It was a historical moment.<br /> For decades they could not exercise their<br /> democratic rights. In the 1963 elections,<br /> more than 2.6 million people registered as<br /> voters. At least 93 per cent and 80 per cent of<br /> the electors cast their votes in Kiambu and<br /> Central Nyanza respectively. Ten KANU and<br /> eight KADU MPs were elected to Parliament<br /> unopposed. Moi was one of them.<br /> KANU, led by Kenyatta, won 66 seats<br /> (after teaming up with three members from<br /> Northern Province United Alliance), while<br /> the Opposition KADU had 31 seats. Kenyatta<br /> became the Prime Minister and Leader of<br /> Government Business. His next task was to<br /> pick members of the Cabinet.<br /> First Cabinet<br /> For a country that had been balkanised for<br /> close to 70 years and governed at the whim of<br /> colonial fiat and the perfection of divide-andrule,<br /> Kenya was sharply divided. Kenyatta’s<br /> first task was to bring down the walls of<br /> ethnic hegemony. Selecting the Cabinet<br /> was an act of balancing regional interests.<br /> Odinga was appointed Minister for Home<br /> Affairs, Koinange (Pan-African Affairs), and<br /> Mboya (Justice and Constitutional Affairs).<br /> Other ministers were Oneko, Samuel Ayodo,<br /> Lawrence Sagini, Njoroge Mungai, Gikonyo<br /> Kiano, Ngala Mwendwa, Joseph Otiende<br /> (Education), Danson Mwanyumba, Bruce<br /> Mackenzie (Agriculture) and Gichuru<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 31</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 968<br /> Kenya), about 300 bird species and<br /> 27 species of snakes.<br /> The park also supports more than<br /> 350 species of trees and seven primate<br /> species, including the endangered<br /> DeBrazza monkey (found in<br /> the isolated Kisere Forest Reserve,<br /> which is part of the larger Kakamega<br /> Forest National Reserve), black and<br /> white colobus monkey and vervet<br /> monkey. The Potto (the world’s<br /> slowest mammal on earth), duikers<br /> and dik diks are also found in Kakamega<br /> Forest National Reserve.<br /> The Kakamega Forest National<br /> Reserve is situated in the Lake<br /> Victoria basin, about 50km north<br /> of Kisumu town. Being the only<br /> remnant in Kenya of the unique<br /> Guineo-Congolian forest ecosystem,<br /> the park offers unique wildlife and<br /> scenic beauty. For bird and butterfly<br /> watchers, this is the place to visit.<br /> The forest is home to over 400<br /> species of butterflies, about 300 bird<br /> species and 27 species of snakes.<br /> The park also supports more than<br /> 350 species of trees and 7 primate<br /> species including the endangered<br /> DeBrazza monkey, black and white<br /> colobus monkey and vervet monkey.<br /> The Potto (the world’s slowest<br /> mammal on earth), duikers and dik<br /> diks are also found in Kakamega<br /> Forest National Reserve.<br /> The park, 415km from Nairobi, is<br /> accessible by road via Nakuru and<br /> Kapsabet. There are no scheduled<br /> flights to Kakamega and visitors fly<br /> to Kisumu or Eldoret and connect<br /> to Kakamega by road. Entry to the<br /> park is by cash only. Cash receipts<br /> can be bought at the Kakamega Forest<br /> National Reserve main gate or<br /> the KWS headquarters in Nairobi.<br /> The reserve does not offer in-park<br /> accommodation, but KWS has selfcatering<br /> facilities at Udo Bandas for</div> <div>Economy, Disaster management Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 740<br /> staff that supplements the medical<br /> services of the Government during<br /> times of disaster.<br /> The Local Authority Act (Cap<br /> 265) provides for the establishment<br /> of a Disaster Management Office in<br /> every local authority. It also sets out<br /> special powers for resource mobilisation<br /> that may be used in the event<br /> of a local disaster.<br /> The policy recognises international<br /> agreements, treaties and<br /> conventions (such as UNCCD,<br /> UNFCCC, UNCBD, GEF) that Kenya<br /> has signed and the need to operate.<br /> Other relevant acts include the Public<br /> Health Act, the Forest Act and the<br /> Chief’s Act.<br /> National policy<br /> In the last two decades, Kenya<br /> has faced increased vulnerability<br /> to disaster risk. Communities are<br /> predisposed to disasters by a combination<br /> poverty, aridity, flooding<br /> and poor infrastructure and services<br /> in informal urban settlements or<br /> people living in poorly constructed<br /> buildings. These factors, coupled<br /> with droughts, floods, HIV and Aids,<br /> landslides, epidemics and climate<br /> change pose high disaster risks to<br /> the society. According to the Ministry<br /> of Planning and National Development,<br /> Kenya’s population rose to<br /> 38.6 million towards the end of 2008<br /> and is estimated to hit the 40 million<br /> mark by 2010. This population,<br /> growing at the rate of 2.7 per cent<br /> is bound to affected by unemployment,<br /> HIV and Aids scourge and an<br /> Houses for IDPs<br /> The Government has<br /> rehabilitated 78,254 houses<br /> destroyed in the chaos.<br /> UNHCR built 6,263 houses<br /> in Kipkelion, Nakuru and<br /> Molo<br /> Royal Media Services donated<br /> 3,500 iron sheets to<br /> families in Uasin Gishu.<br /> Kenya Red Cross has built<br /> 433 houses in Uasin Gishu,<br /> Matharu and Lugari<br /> Japan has rebuilt 4,023<br /> houses<br /> Hope Africa Management<br /> Initiative built 500 houses<br /> in Molo,<br /> Nakuru and Kitale Catholic<br /> dioceses built 127 houses<br /> in Trans Nzoia West, Molo<br /> and Uasin Gishu.<br /> China donated 105,000 iron<br /> sheets Morocco gave $1<br /> million<br /> National Humanitarian Fund<br /> rehabilitated 921 houses in<br /> Trans Nzoia East<br /> 199 houses built in Naivasha<br /> and Burnt Forest<br /> www.sprogrammes.go.ke<br /> economy largely dependent on rainfed<br /> agriculture.<br /> Life expectancy is 53 per cent for<br /> men and 55 per cent for women<br /> compared to 50.5 per cent and<br /> 48.7 per cent for women and men<br /> respectively in 2007. Such a population<br /> can be highly vulnerable to<br /> disasters that may result in emergencies<br /> of high proportion, often<br /> culminating in national disasters<br /> that require external assistance.<br /> The Government recognises the<br /> need to establish an institutional,<br /> policy and legal framework to effec-</div> <div>Public Works and Housing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Architects’ association<br /> The roots of the<br /> Architectural Association<br /> of Kenya date back<br /> to 1934 when the<br /> Architects and Quantity<br /> Surveyors Registration<br /> Act was enacted. The<br /> East African Institute<br /> of Architects became<br /> the association through<br /> which members discussed<br /> their welfare.<br /> But in 1965, Kenyan<br /> professionals in the<br /> built environment<br /> decided to establish a<br /> professional association<br /> of their own. The<br /> first meeting was held<br /> on May 26, 1965 and<br /> attended by 16 professionals,<br /> who picked a<br /> committee to draft a<br /> constitution.<br /> In 1967, 46 members<br /> founded the<br /> Architectural Association<br /> of Kenya. Mr Graham<br /> MacCullough was<br /> elected the first president<br /> and the post of<br /> honorary secretary went<br /> to a Mr Richards. AAK<br /> has the following membership<br /> classes:<br /> Fellow members<br /> Corporate members<br /> Licenciate members<br /> Student members<br /> Visiting members<br /> Firm members<br /> www.aak.or.ke<br /> review of the Act to reflect economic.<br /> In conjunction with the Attorney-General’s<br /> office, the Act is being reviewed and a draft<br /> Bill has been prepared for stakeholders<br /> before it is taken to Parliament for debate.<br /> The Department and the Kenya Law Review<br /> Commission organises seminars for stakeholders<br /> so that their views can be incorporated.<br /> The tribunal’s core functions are to resolve<br /> disputes between landlords and tenants<br /> whose standard rent is up to Sh2,500. It<br /> establishes the facts of each case and applies<br /> the relevant rules to decide the rights and<br /> entitlements of the aggrieved. It also assesses<br /> and determines standard rent — assessed<br /> by the Rent Tribunal in accordance with the<br /> Rent Restriction Act. The tribunal balances<br /> the interests of landlords and tenants. This<br /> creates an environment that ensures investment<br /> in low-income houses and safeguards<br /> tenants’ rights to access adequate housing.<br /> The tribunal advises on complaints<br /> recorded with rent inspectors. Many disputes<br /> and requests are dealt with at the offices of<br /> the Rent Restriction Department.<br /> References<br /> • Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Housing<br /> • Strategic Plan of the Ministry of Public Works<br /> • UN-HABITAT and The Kenya Slum UpgradingProgramme<br /> Strategy Document<br /> • www.works.go.ke<br /> • www.housing.go.ke<br /> • wikipedia.org<br /> 662</div> <div>Economy, Science and Finance research and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 898<br /> Malaria research<br /> The Open University of the<br /> UK is involved in malaria<br /> research with the KEMRI -<br /> Wellcome Trust Research<br /> Programme in Kenya. There<br /> at two sites in Nairobi and<br /> Kilifi. The Nairobi site is the<br /> base for a programme in the<br /> epidemiology of clinical malaria<br /> among childhood populations.<br /> In Kilifi, research<br /> focuses on clinical, basic and<br /> epidemiological studies on<br /> malaria, with emphasis on<br /> malaria as a disease leading<br /> to high levels of morbidity<br /> and mortality. The laboratories<br /> at Kilifi are housed<br /> in a modern dedicated<br /> building completed in 2006.<br /> The building provides the<br /> research centre with world<br /> class research equipment<br /> and facilities.<br /> www.open.ac.uk/research<br /> for a vaccine. KAVI became the first institution<br /> searching for an Aids vaccine.<br /> Since its inception, KAVI has conducted<br /> five clinical trials of Aids vaccines, including<br /> the first ever in Kenya. There have also been<br /> other non-clinical studies. The trials have<br /> yielded important data that has informed<br /> HIV research, and earned Kenya international<br /> recognition as an important player in<br /> the global Aids vaccine development effort.<br /> The first HIV vaccine clinical trial began<br /> in February 2001 and to date five trials have<br /> been conducted and completed at KAVI —<br /> four phase-I trials and one phase-II trial. KAVI<br /> staff has grown from three to 54, including 11<br /> trial physicians and eight laboratory technologists.<br /> The project also boasts two equipped<br /> clinics and laboratories. KAVI is doing basic<br /> epidemiology studies that will inform the<br /> design of more promising vaccine candidates.</div> <div>Medal Name Games Sport Event<br /> Gold<br /> John Ngugi<br /> 1988 Seoul<br /> Athletics<br /> Men’s 5000m<br /> Gold<br /> Paul Ereng<br /> 1988 Seoul<br /> Athletics<br /> Men’s 800m<br /> Gold Robert Wangila 1988 Seoul Boxing Men’s welterweight<br /> Silver<br /> Peter Koech<br /> 1988 Seoul<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> Athletics<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Douglas Wakiihuri 1988 Seoul Athletics Men’s Marathon<br /> Bronze Kipkemboi Kimeli 1988 Seoul Athletics Men’s 10000m<br /> Bronze Chris Sande 1988 Seoul Boxing Men’s middleweight<br /> Gold Matthew Birir 1992 Barcelona Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Gold William Tanui 1992 Barcelona Athletics Men’s 800m<br /> Silver Richard Chelimo 1992 Barcelona Athletics Men’s 10000m<br /> Silver Patrick Sang 1992 Barcelona Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Paul Bitok 1992 Barcelona Athletics Men’s 5000m<br /> Silver Nixon Kiprotich 1992 Barcelona Athletics Men’s 800m<br /> Bronze William Mutwol 1992 Barcelona Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Bronze Samson Kitur 1992 Barcelona Athletics Men’s 400m<br /> Gold Joseph Keter 1996 Atlanta Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Paul Tergat 1996 Atlanta Athletics Men’s 10000m<br /> Silver Moses Kiptanui 1996 Atlanta Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Paul Bitok 1996 Atlanta Athletics Men’s 5000m<br /> Silver Pauline Konga 1996 Atlanta Athletics Women’s 5000m<br /> Bronze Stephen Kipkorir 1996 Atlanta Athletics Men’s 1500m<br /> Bronze Fred Onyancha 1996 Atlanta Athletics Men’s 800m<br /> Bronze Erick Wainaina 1996 Atlanta Athletics Men’s Marathon<br /> Gold Noah Ngeny 2000 Sydney Athletics Men’s 1500m<br /> Gold Reuben Kosgei 2000 Sydney Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Paul Tergat 2000 Sydney Athletics Men’s 10000m<br /> Silver<br /> Wilson Boit<br /> Kipketer<br /> 2000 Sydney<br /> Athletics<br /> Men’s 3000m<br /> steeplechase<br /> Silver Erick Wainaina 2000 Sydney Athletics Men’s Marathon<br /> Bronze Bernard Lagat 2000 Sydney Athletics Men’s 1500m<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1075</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Introduction<br /> Kenya, a land that<br /> once awed explorers,<br /> historical adventurers<br /> and colonialists<br /> alike, is the ‘cradle of<br /> humankind’, the home of the ancestry<br /> of the human race.<br /> The number, kind and spectacle<br /> of fossils recovered on the floor and<br /> in the sediments of the Rift Valley<br /> portray Kenya as the habitat for species<br /> (some extinct) that traversed<br /> the region as far back as 200 million<br /> years ago. Primates were in the<br /> region as early as 23 million years<br /> ago, apes 18 million, chimpanzees<br /> seven million and hominids five million<br /> years ago.<br /> Although European settlers who<br /> came to Kenya in the late 1800s<br /> found a region without the written<br /> word, the country had documented<br /> its past. It has a history written in<br /> the rocks that form the hills and the<br /> mountains; it is written in the strata<br /> forming the sides and eroded by<br /> water and wind; it is evident in tools<br /> left behind by early humans at their<br /> sites of habitation and in fossilised<br /> fauna and flora.<br /> Louis Leakey (1903-1972), a<br /> pioneer paleontologist, referred to<br /> the Rift Valley as the “backbone” of<br /> Africa, as the most amazing feature<br /> of Kenya, a picturesque valley that<br /> runs from the north to the south .<br /> The movement, the so-called great<br /> faulting of the earth’s crust that created<br /> the Rift Valley, claimed in its<br /> wake species of animals and plants,<br /> not to mention lakes that dot the<br /> valley (including Nakuru, Naivasha,<br /> Baringo and Elementaita) and those<br /> in the proximity such as Lake Victoria.<br /> Paleontologists and archaeologists<br /> have been excavating the remains<br /> within the Rift Valley to give humanity<br /> a sense of time and belonging. It<br /> is in this valley that patriarch Leakey,<br /> alongside his family (including son<br /> Richard, daughter-in-law Meave and<br /> daughter Louise), crafted his name<br /> and fame from excavating fossils.<br /> Today, local and international paleoanthropologists<br /> continue to find<br /> interesting and important discoveries<br /> related to the story of human<br /> evolution.<br /> In a 1936 publication, Leakey<br /> observes: “In various parts of Africa<br /> today, rivers and lakes are laying<br /> down deposits of silts and gravels,<br /> which contain the bones of animals<br /> such as giraffes, rhinoceros and<br /> elephants, archaic animals which<br /> have succeeded in persisting to the<br /> present day.<br /> “The rivers and lakes are also bury-<br /> 4</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 508<br /> training programmes for the World<br /> Meteorological Organisation members.<br /> (www.meteo.go.ke)<br /> Kenya Meteorological Society<br /> It was registered in 1989 as a professional<br /> and scientific society to<br /> promote the understanding of<br /> meteorology and its applications in<br /> Kenya and beyond. Its offices are at<br /> the Kenya Meteorological Department<br /> in Nairobi.<br /> Its objectives are to:<br /> • Collect, register, analyse and<br /> publish proceedings that contribute<br /> to the progress of meteorological<br /> knowledge<br /> • Offer facilities for communicating<br /> important discoveries which<br /> contribute towards advancement<br /> of meteorological knowledge<br /> • Maintain a valuable library of scientific<br /> works and charts<br /> • Liaise with other scientific<br /> organisations and institutions<br /> in and outside Kenya, especially<br /> those related to meteorology, for<br /> exchange of knowledge<br /> • Promote the use of meteorological<br /> knowledge to alleviate poverty<br /> and increase food security<br /> Mineral resources<br /> Mineral exploration and exploitation<br /> are carried out under the Mining<br /> Act (Cap. 306) enacted in 1940.<br /> But it has been reviewed to match<br /> contemporary international mining<br /> practice. Other laws are the Trading<br /> in Unwrought Precious Metals Act<br /> (Cap 309) and the Diamond Industry<br /> Protection Act (Cap 310).<br /> Kenya is endowed with enormous<br /> mineral resources, both metallic<br /> and non-metallic (industrial). Mineral<br /> exploration and exploitation<br /> are governed by the Mining and<br /> Minerals Act enacted in 2009. The<br /> law is expected to streamline activities<br /> within the sector. The new law<br /> requires licensees to operate for four<br /> years with renewals of up to seven<br /> years.<br /> The quantity of mineral production<br /> declined by 9.4 per cent from<br /> 1.545 million tonnes in 2008 to<br /> 1.399 million in 2009 mainly due<br /> to reduced production of soda ash<br /> and fluorspar. But the non-metallic<br /> minerals sub-sector registered 34.4<br /> per cent growth.<br /> Soda ash and fluorspar production<br /> declined from 503,000 tonnes<br /> and 130,000 tonnes in 2008 to<br /> 405,000 and 6,000 tonnes in 2009<br /> respectively. Soda ash is produced<br /> from the mineral trona at Lake<br /> Magadi. Fluorspar’s poor performance<br /> was a result of the closure of<br /> the company in March 2009 due to<br /> diminished demand in the export<br /> market. Fluorspar is mined east of<br /> Eldoret in the Rift Valley system<br /> However, production of crushed<br /> refined soda, diatomite, gold, and<br /> gemstones increased in 2009 compared<br /> to 2008.<br /> Earnings from mineral production<br /> decreased by 23.9 per cent from<br /> Sh12.3 billion ($153.75 million) in<br /> 2008 to Sh9.3 billion ($116.25 million)<br /> in 2009. The value for soda ash</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 422<br /> prevents, detects, investigates and<br /> prosecutes serious crime. But the<br /> NSIS is a civilian agency without<br /> police powers of search, arrest and<br /> prosecution.<br /> Individuals in Government or private<br /> society can only be investigated<br /> by the NSIS if they are a threat to<br /> national security. An example is the<br /> case of Government employees and<br /> citizens who facilitated the illegal<br /> acquisition of IDs and residence<br /> for terrorists who were involved in<br /> the 1998 bomb attack on the US<br /> Embassy in Nairobi that killed more<br /> than 250 people. Security intelligence<br /> includes information from<br /> open and confidential sources. It is<br /> processed to help the Government<br /> make decisions. The NSIS provides<br /> new intelligence and adds value to<br /> what is in other Government reports<br /> or news stories.<br /> NSIS’ top officials are: Director<br /> of Operations, Director of External<br /> Intelligence, Director of Internal<br /> Intelligence, Director of the National<br /> Intelligence Academy, Director<br /> of Administration, Director of<br /> Economic Affairs and Director of</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 448<br /> tions and known as Printing and Stationery<br /> Department. The name was later changed<br /> to Government Press. Since its inception,<br /> the Press has provided quality printing and<br /> publishing services to clients — ministries,<br /> departments, parastatals, the private sector<br /> and the public. The department ensures<br /> confidentiality when it prints important and<br /> sensitive Government documents.<br /> It provides quality services to the Government<br /> and at economical costs and ensures<br /> security and supply of ministries, departments,<br /> parastatals, private sector and public<br /> documents — accountable, legal, secret<br /> and confident. Its core functions are to print<br /> classified Government documents, revenue<br /> forms, annual, recurrent and special reports<br /> and The Kenya Gazette and subsidiary legislations<br /> — Kenya Supplements, Bills, Acts and<br /> revised laws, stationery and parliamentary<br /> Hansard.<br /> The Government Press supplies exercise<br /> books and rubber stamps for ministries and<br /> departments; sells Government documents,<br /> advises on the printing of Catalogue of Government<br /> Publications and Economic Survey<br /> published on Budget Day.<br /> Kenya Gazette<br /> It is published every week on Friday. Notices<br /> and non-commercial advertisements are<br /> published. Subscriptions become effective<br /> only on receipt of advance payment. The<br /> rates are as follows:<br /> • 12 months (excluding postage in Kenya)<br /> Sh9,830<br /> • 12 months (including postage in Kenya)<br /> Sh11,135<br /> • 12 months (including postage overseas)<br /> Sh23,875<br /> • Six months (excluding postage in Kenya)<br /> Quick facts<br /> Bhang (cannabis sativa)<br /> contains more than 400<br /> chemicals, many of which<br /> are harmful<br /> Its smoke has more cancercausing<br /> agents than cigarette<br /> smoke.<br /> The chemicals in bhang<br /> smoke can remain in the<br /> body for up to a month<br /> Bhang affects co-ordination<br /> and slows down thinking and<br /> reflexes.<br /> It reduces people’s memory<br /> and affects comprehension.<br /> Bhang smokers often lose interest<br /> in schoolwork, sports<br /> and other co-curricular<br /> activities<br /> Bhang is psychologically<br /> addictive<br /> www.nacada.go.ke/drugs/<br /> marijuana</div> <div></div> <div>‘second home’. They include millions<br /> of people from Somalia, Ethiopia,<br /> Sudan, Uganda, DR Congo,<br /> Rwanda and Burundi who have, at<br /> one time or another, lived in Kenya<br /> as political or economic refugees.<br /> In recognition of the Diaspora’s<br /> important component in the country’s<br /> development matrix, Kenya has<br /> explored strategies that can boost<br /> its potential. For example, in international<br /> labour market, the International<br /> Jobs and Diaspora Office<br /> has been opened in the Ministry of<br /> Foreign Affairs and is developing a<br /> databank of professionals, business<br /> people and other experts that can<br /> match qualified Kenyans to international<br /> job opportunities. Capacity at<br /> Kenya’s missions abroad has been<br /> boosted to provide diplomatic backing<br /> needed.<br /> Kenya’s diplomatic missions<br /> abroad have strengthened their<br /> capacity to support the country’s<br /> world-class athletes and other<br /> nationals who have earned international<br /> recognition in various fields.<br /> The Ministry of Foreign Affairs<br /> is working with other ministries<br /> to engage Kenyan and other Africans<br /> in the Diaspora so that they<br /> can invest their skills and financial<br /> resources in the country’s development.<br /> Regional blocs<br /> COMESA (See chapter on Trade)<br /> IGAD<br /> Kenya is a member of Inter-Governmental<br /> Authority on Development<br /> (IGAD), comprising seven<br /> countries in the Horn of Africa. The<br /> region suffers perennial problem of<br /> drought and IGAD has concerted<br /> energies in addressing the issue.<br /> IGAD was created in 1996 to<br /> supersede the Intergovernmental<br /> Authority on Drought and Development<br /> (IGADD) which was founded<br /> in 1986. Recurring droughts and<br /> other natural disasters between<br /> 1974 and 1984 caused widespread<br /> famine, ecological degradation<br /> and economic hardship in eastern<br /> Africa.<br /> Although countries made substantial<br /> efforts to cope and received<br /> support from the international community,<br /> the magnitude of the problem<br /> called for a regional approach<br /> to supplement national efforts. In<br /> 1983 and 1984, six countries in the<br /> Horn of Africa— Djibouti, Ethiopia,<br /> Kenya, Somalia, Sudan and Uganda<br /> — established an intergovernmental<br /> body for development and drought<br /> control.<br /> The Heads of State and Government<br /> met in Djibouti in 1986 to<br /> sign the agreement which launched<br /> IGADD with the headquarters in<br /> Djibouti. Eritrea became the seventh<br /> member when it became independent<br /> in 1993. In 1995, the Heads<br /> of State and Government resolved<br /> to revitalise IGADD and expand<br /> cooperation among member states.<br /> In 1996, they signed the Letter of<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 703</div> <div>Content<br /> Foreword<br /> vi-viii<br /> 1. Our History 1-38<br /> 2. Land and its people 39-84<br /> 3. Oral traditions 85-108<br /> 4. Art and culture 109-162<br /> 5. Governance 163-184<br /> 6. Finance 185-236<br /> 7. ICT 237-288<br /> 8. Agriculture 289-334<br /> 9. Education 335-374<br /> 10. Health 375-400<br /> 11. Security 401-450<br /> 12. Labour 451-484<br /> 13. Environment 485-510<br /> 14. Water and Forestry 551-566<br /> 15. Roads and Transport 567-640<br /> 16. Public Works and Housing 641-662<br /> 17. Energy 663-692<br /> 18. Foreign Relations 693-716<br /> 19. Cooperatives 717-732<br /> 20. Disaster Management 733-754<br /> 21. Trade 755-804<br /> 22. Justice 805-834<br /> 23. Nairobi Metropolitan 835-852<br /> 24. Local Authorities 853-876<br /> 25. Immigration 877-888<br /> 26. Science and Research 889-926<br /> 27. Gender and Child Affairs 927-940<br /> 28. Regional Development 941-952<br /> 29. Tourism 953-1068<br /> 30. Sport 1069-1146<br /> Index 1147-1150</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 318<br /> 754.5 metric tonnes to 8,000 by<br /> 2014. (www.kenya-pyrethrum.com)<br /> Cotton<br /> The crop is grown in Nyanza, Western,<br /> Coast, Central, Eastern and Rift<br /> Valley provinces, largely under rainfed<br /> conditions. Cotton in Kenya is<br /> mainly grown by small-scale farmers<br /> in marginal and arid areas on<br /> small land holdings averaging about<br /> a hectare. It is estimated that Kenya<br /> has 200,000 small-scale farmers.<br /> The Cotton Development<br /> Authority estimates that 400,000<br /> hectares are suitable for rain-fed<br /> cotton production with the potential<br /> of producing 260,000 bales of lint<br /> annually, and 34,500 hectares for<br /> irrigated cotton with the potential<br /> to produce 108,000 bales of lint<br /> annually.<br /> Cotton is also planted on irrigated<br /> land and the Government has<br /> made an effort to boost production<br /> through irrigation schemes in<br /> arid and semi-arid parts. Between<br /> 1963 and 1990, the Government<br /> introduced controls in the sector:<br /> It helped cooperative societies buy<br /> ginneries from the colonialists,<br /> controlled marketing, fixed<br /> producer prices and invested<br /> heavily in textile mills.<br /> The Government protected the<br /> local industry by imposing a 100<br /> per cent duty on imported goods,<br /> which ensured rapid growth of the<br /> local textile industry with an average<br /> production capacity of over 70 per<br /> cent. The industry also received<br /> substantial assistance from the<br /> Government and donor agencies<br /> especially in the 1980s.<br /> In the 1980s, the textile industry<br /> was the leading manufacturing<br /> activity in Kenya. It supported more<br /> than 200,000 households and about<br /> 30 per cent of the labour force in the<br /> manufacturing sector. However, it<br /> started declining in the mid-1980s.<br /> The dumping of used clothes,<br /> locally known as mitumba affected<br /> the sector.<br /> Since the liberalisation of the<br /> economy in the 1990s, the influx of<br /> textile goods reduced the average<br /> capacity use in the textile mills to<br /> about 50 per cent. But data for the<br /> last five years indicates that the<br /> sector is on its way to recovery<br /> largely due to African Growth and<br /> Opportunity Act (AGOA) and<br /> increased Government support.<br /> The enormous market prospects<br /> presented by AGOA 2000 and the<br /> African, Caribbean and Pacific-<br /> European Union (ACP-EU)<br /> Cotonou Agreement have rekindled<br /> interest in the industry. Since<br /> Kenya qualified for AGOA, exports<br /> to the US have expanded and so<br /> has investment in the sector, rising<br /> from Sh1.2 billion to Sh9.7 billion,<br /> a 41 per cent increase. Jobs have<br /> increased by about 30 per cent.<br /> Textile and apparel companies<br /> produce a variety of products.<br /> Spinning firms produce yarn<br /> (including industrial) and sewing<br /> thread, while integrated mills<br /> produce yarn, fabrics, canvas,</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Tom Mboya<br /> He was born in 1930<br /> near Thika. He went to<br /> Mangu High and from<br /> 1948 to 1950, a sanitary<br /> inspectors’ school<br /> in Nairobi. He was then<br /> hired as an inspector.<br /> Later, he became African<br /> Employees Union<br /> secretary and in 1952<br /> founded the Kenya<br /> Local Government<br /> Workers Union. In 1953,<br /> with the help of the<br /> British Labour Party, he<br /> brought five prominent<br /> labour unions together<br /> as the Kenya Federation<br /> of Labour. In 1955, the<br /> Labour Party arranged<br /> a scholarship for him to<br /> study industrial management<br /> at Ruskin College.<br /> In 1957, Mboya formed<br /> the People’s Convention<br /> Party and was elected to<br /> the Legislative Council.<br /> In 1959, he helped set<br /> up the African-American<br /> Students Foundation<br /> which raised money to<br /> sends students to study<br /> in America. In 1960,<br /> Mboya was elected<br /> KANU secretary-general.<br /> After independence,<br /> Mboya became a<br /> Cabinet minister. On<br /> July 5, 1969 he was<br /> assassinated.<br /> http://africanhistory.about.com<br /> under five years of age get free medical treatment<br /> in public hospitals as do women who<br /> seek maternity services.<br /> Infrastructure<br /> This has received unprecedented attention.<br /> Road construction is evident in all parts of<br /> the country on highways and rural roads.<br /> Airports have been expanded and built. Jomo<br /> Kenyatta in Nairobi is under a Sh10 billion<br /> ($1.25 billion) expansion programme and<br /> the Kisumu one at Sh3 billion ($375 million).<br /> Wajir Airport was built in 2006.<br /> Energy<br /> Homes, schools and shopping centres<br /> have received priority in the 150,000-a-year<br /> power connections drive. To make Kenya<br /> less dependent on hydro sources of power,<br /> investments have been made in wind and<br /> geothermal sources.<br /> Conclusion<br /> Kenya’s history is a clear illustration of a<br /> nation whose vision is to improve the lives<br /> of its citizens and play its rightful role in the<br /> community of nations.<br /> 36</div> <div>of choice — excellent facilities, good<br /> weather that makes it possible to<br /> do business or hold conferences all<br /> year round, comfortable surroundings,<br /> good accommodation and fine<br /> cuisine. Times outside the conference<br /> room can be spent rock climbing,<br /> water rafting, and indoor and<br /> outdoor games. Mombasa, with its<br /> good weather and many hotels, is an<br /> ideal conference venue since it has<br /> the requisite facilities. Leisure Lodge<br /> and Mombasa Beach Hotel, among<br /> others, have magnificent conference<br /> facilities of international standards.<br /> Many local companies are in the<br /> conference tourism business and<br /> they secure appropriate venues<br /> for clients. They arrange hotel and<br /> lodge accommodation and trans-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 0 9<br /> 1007</div> <div>K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 0 9<br /> 1083</div> <div>Economy, Disaster management Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 748<br /> as had been envisaged. Some 15,078<br /> households are still waiting for the<br /> Sh10,000 ($125) start up cash. Some<br /> of the transitional camps set up near<br /> the farms of the displaced families do<br /> not have proper sanitation and clean<br /> water.<br /> The Government’s plan to pay all<br /> the households Sh10,000 ($125) hit a<br /> snag after some of the households split<br /> up, bloating the budget by 15 per cent.<br /> Floods<br /> Floods have ravaged most parts of<br /> western Kenya for too long, causing<br /> great economic loss in terms of<br /> livelihoods and assets. Dealing with<br /> floods has basically been on responseterms<br /> of relief supplies. Construction<br /> of dykes has not helped much because<br /> it has concentrated on the flood plains.<br /> The Western Kenya Project — to<br /> ward off floods and their destructive<br /> effect — is a collaborative effort of the<br /> Government and the World Bank.<br /> The project operates in 10 districts<br /> (eight in Western Province and two in<br /> Nyanza Province). However, since the<br /> Nzoia and Yala catchment cover areas<br /> outside this zone, project resources<br /> will be made available for specific<br /> catchment management activities in<br /> six non-core districts — Nandi, Uasin<br /> Gishu, Keiyo, Marakwet, Trans Nzoia<br /> and East Pokot. The Government has<br /> taken measures to ensure that nobody<br /> dies in Budalang’i, which has over<br /> the years witnessed heavy losses as a<br /> result of the flooding whenever River<br /> Nzoia bursts its banks. The Government<br /> and the World Bank plan to<br /> spend Sh6 billion ($75 million) in<br /> the next six years to construct new<br /> dykes along the Nzoia basin. A survey<br /> has been done and the exercise<br /> has begun. At the same time, the<br /> ministry has sent food and nonfood<br /> rations such as tents, mosquito<br /> nets and emergency medical kits to<br /> flood-prone areas. A radio station,<br /> Bulala FM, has been started at Sh28<br /> million ($350,000). The Meteorological<br /> Department monitors the<br /> river levels and relays the information<br /> to the radio station, which in<br /> turn warns the people to evacuate<br /> before the river bursts its banks.<br /> A Sh15 million ($187,500) rescue<br /> centre equipped with toilet facilities,<br /> food and accommodation serves as<br /> a focal point for operations during<br /> emergencies.<br /> Similar steps have been taken<br /> in other vulnerable areas in North-<br /> Eastern Province, the Tana Delta<br /> and the Coast region to avert rainrelated<br /> fatalities. The Government<br /> and Japan have built small dams in<br /> Migori to pre-empt the overflowing<br /> of rivers in the lake basin.<br /> A fully-equipped and functional<br /> National Disaster Centre has been<br /> set up at Nyayo House, Nairobi. The<br /> centre receives and disseminates<br /> reports from all parts of the country<br /> and relays them to other parts of<br /> the world. The centre is served by<br /> military and police staff. They coordinate<br /> and mobilise resources when<br /> disasters strike.<br /> Other stakeholders in disaster<br /> management are the Kenya Red</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 616<br /> Jetlink Express<br /> It is a Kenyan company<br /> incorporated in 2006<br /> and an IATA member airline.<br /> It offers air services<br /> in the East African and<br /> horn of Africa region, including<br /> southern Sudan.<br /> Jetlink Express operates<br /> aircraft Fokker28, CRJ-<br /> 100ER, MD11 Cargo.<br /> It offers scheduled<br /> flights to regional destinations<br /> — Juba (South<br /> Sudan), Goma (DRC) and<br /> Bujumbura (Burundi). It<br /> also offers charter services<br /> and cargo services.<br /> Jetlink pioneered direct<br /> commercial flights to<br /> Juba in 2005, connecting<br /> Southern Sudan to<br /> the rest of the world.<br /> With the recent arrival of<br /> two modern jets into its<br /> fleet, Jetlink’s strategy<br /> is to spread its wings to<br /> Zanzibar, Dar-es-Salaam,<br /> Khartoum and Kigali.<br /> It is e-ticket compliant<br /> and committed to new<br /> partnerships with world<br /> class airlines. Jetlink has<br /> signed agreements with<br /> Emirates, SN Brussels<br /> and Qatar Airways.<br /> To date, the company<br /> has carried more than<br /> 300,000 passengers<br /> and delivered over 100<br /> tonnes of goods and<br /> medicines to various<br /> destinations.<br /> www.jetlink.co.ke<br /> Cargo services<br /> JKIA has cargo facilities that can handle<br /> 200,000 tonnes a year, and an animal holding<br /> facility, which occupies 4,318.95ft. At the<br /> Kenya Airfreight Handling Ltd (KAHL), the<br /> export and import area measures 85,720 sq<br /> feet. The main cold room is 5,200sq feet and<br /> the export cold room 262sq feet. The cold<br /> room capacity is 100,000 tonnes and the<br /> temperatures are between -18 and +2 degree<br /> Celsius.<br /> The fresh produce area measures 33,133<br /> sq feet, while KAHL occupies 9,352 sq feet<br /> of office space. The remaining office space is<br /> occupied by different operators. Also available<br /> at KAHL is a strong room, banking facility,<br /> business centre and 642 vehicle parking<br /> slots and communication facilities through<br /> intercom and telephone extensions.<br /> The Transglobal Cargo Centre is a multipurpose<br /> facility, the only one of its kind in<br /> East Africa designed as a modern air cargo<br /> and freight operation. It is in the heart of the<br /> Specialised Freight Area at Jomo Kenyatta<br /> International Airport. Its facilities include<br /> Customs bonded warehouses for 300<br /> vehicles and export and import goods, predelivery<br /> inspection preparation facilities for<br /> vehicles, 18,000sq feet transit shed and ample<br /> loading and offloading ramps. It also has twochamber<br /> cold store, security cage for high risk<br /> items, five floors of office space for airline customers,<br /> a standby generator and a cafeteria.<br /> The Nairobi Cargo Centre is at the JKIA’s<br /> Specialised Freight Area on a six-acre site. It is<br /> sponsored by the Commonwealth Development<br /> Corporation, German Investment and<br /> Development Company, Commonwealth<br /> Africa Investment Fund, Acacia Fund Ltd,<br /> BOC Cargo Services, Flughafen Frankfurt<br /> Main and African Cargo Ltd. Its facilities</div> <div>Education<br /> Alliance School<br /> It was the first school<br /> in Kenya to offer high<br /> school education to<br /> Africans. It was founded<br /> on March 1, 1926 by the<br /> Alliance of Protestant<br /> Churches — Church of<br /> Scotland Mission (PCEA),<br /> Church of the Province of<br /> Kenya (Anglican), Africa<br /> Inland and Methodists.<br /> The school is in Kikuyu,<br /> 22km from Nairobi and a<br /> 10-minute walk from its<br /> sister, Alliance Girls.<br /> Alliance is reputed for its<br /> rich history and academic<br /> excellence over 80 years.<br /> It was ranked tops from<br /> 1960-1985 and many<br /> times thereafter. Alliance<br /> has produced leaders in<br /> many fields.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 358<br /> and religious organisations has to<br /> be exploited fully. There are plans<br /> to encourage universities to reduce<br /> their dependence on Government,<br /> and to diversify their sources<br /> of income. Universities are also<br /> expected to reduce wastage and<br /> ensure efficient and cost-effective<br /> use of institutional resources. Plans<br /> are in the pipeline to develop a<br /> strategy on working with partners<br /> to mobilise additional resources<br /> to finance education and training.<br /> Some of the international partners<br /> in education are:<br /> African Development Bank (ADB)<br /> It supports staff development and<br /> provision of equipment to KESI and<br /> rehabilitates primary teacher training<br /> and technical colleges.<br /> Other assistance includes provision<br /> of science equipment and<br /> textbooks to secondary schools and<br /> procurement of vehicles for KESI.<br /> Danida<br /> The Danish International Development<br /> Agency has given most of its<br /> support to special education for<br /> the disabled. It was instrumental in<br /> the establishment of the KISE and<br /> the development of the Education</div> <div>Public Works and Housing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 644<br /> Housing Finance<br /> It is the leading mortgage<br /> finance institution<br /> in Kenya. For 44<br /> years, Housing Finance<br /> (HF) has provided easy<br /> access to mortgage<br /> finance and enabled its<br /> clients to save money<br /> as they build, buy and<br /> own their homes. It was<br /> incorporated in 1965<br /> as Housing Finance<br /> Company of Kenya<br /> (HFCK). The founding<br /> shareholders are<br /> the Commonwealth<br /> Development<br /> Corporation and the<br /> Government. In 1992,<br /> HFCK offered shares to<br /> the public at the Nairobi<br /> Stock Exchange. In its<br /> first year of operation<br /> in 1966, HFCK provided<br /> 34 loans of a maximum<br /> Sh100,000 each. Today,<br /> HF serves more than<br /> 40,000 customers with<br /> deposits of Sh8.4 billion.<br /> Shareholding is as<br /> follows: Government 3.7<br /> per cent, Equity Bank<br /> 24.9 per cent, BAICL 7.5<br /> per cent, NSSF 6.8 per<br /> cent and the public 60.8<br /> per cent.<br /> www.housing.co.ke<br /> building schemes that needed to be completed. The<br /> projects include health centres and dispensaries,<br /> training colleges, office blocks and civil engineering<br /> works (dykes, dams and water supply schemes).<br /> The Public Works ministry was mandated to complete<br /> the stalled construction schemes.<br /> The first phase of the programme identified 28<br /> projects, which were completed in June 2004. By<br /> the end of the 2008/2009 financial year, the number<br /> had risen to 173 and as at July 2010, the figure had<br /> reached 186. In 2009/2010 financial year, the ministry<br /> was to complete 13 projects — Bondo Hospital<br /> Phase III, Nyamira Divisional Police Headquarters,<br /> Mitihani House Phase III, Runyenjes Hospital Flats,<br /> Longisa District Hospital Phase II, Kitui Teachers<br /> Training College and Garissa Teachers Training<br /> College Phase II. Others are Kagumo Teachers</div> <div>ity to ensure transparency in its anticorruption<br /> efforts.<br /> The project will generate growth<br /> and employment by boosting ICT<br /> and public-private partnerships. It<br /> will provide technical assistance<br /> to the Ministry of Information and<br /> Communications secretariat, CCK,<br /> e-Government Directorate, KENET<br /> and the Public Procurement Oversight<br /> Authority.<br /> The launch of the e-Government<br /> strategy has improved service<br /> delivery. Good examples are the<br /> Integrated Financial Management<br /> System (IFMS) and the Integrated<br /> Personnel and Payroll System<br /> (IPPS), among others. The Directorate<br /> of e-Government, a department<br /> in the Office of the President,<br /> was established in 2004 to provide<br /> online services in the public sector.<br /> The Government has identified<br /> ICT as key to the provision of<br /> efficient and cost-effective services<br /> to citizens, businesses and other<br /> public agencies. The Kenya Vision<br /> 2030 identifies ICT as a key pillar<br /> to growth and prosperity. E-Government<br /> saves citizens travel time<br /> to Government offices and allows<br /> round-the-clock access to services.<br /> Commendable efforts have been<br /> made on e-applications, capacity<br /> building and infrastructure development.<br /> Government websites<br /> Government ministries and departments<br /> have websites that are informative<br /> and updated. Efforts are<br /> being made to update them regularly<br /> with relevant content to make<br /> them more interactive.<br /> In 2007, the Public Service Commission<br /> launched an integrated<br /> online recruitment and selection<br /> system. Of the 5,000 applicants who<br /> applied for the vacancies advertised,<br /> 2,000 did so online. This was a demonstration<br /> that Kenyans are ready to<br /> engage the Government online.<br /> A number of programmes and<br /> projects are going on in various ministries<br /> and departments. They have<br /> changed the way the Government<br /> delivers services — automation<br /> of the Lands Registry, Immigration,<br /> Pension, the Judiciary and the<br /> Company Registry. The use of Short<br /> Message Service (SMS) has become<br /> popular because many people have<br /> mobile phones. It is now possible to<br /> check the status of applications for<br /> passports and national identification<br /> cards via SMS.<br /> Some East African Community<br /> countries have visited Kenya to<br /> study the system that allows checking<br /> of school examination results<br /> and Form One admission using<br /> SMS. This system won the UN Technology<br /> in Government in Africa<br /> Award (TIGA) in 2007.<br /> Training<br /> Civil servants undergo training to<br /> keep abreast with technology. The<br /> Directorate of e-Government has<br /> trained staff in various ministries to<br /> enhance their capacity, especially in<br /> the development of back office sys-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 279</div> <div>• Mwakitau water project, Taita Taveta district<br /> • Pipe line extension<br /> • Plumbers Without Frontier (PWF) NGO<br /> • Target population: 1,460<br /> Total Budget: Ksh<br /> 1,500,000 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh1,500,000<br /> • This was a drought<br /> mitigation project (early<br /> 2006);<br /> Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> • Bamba Ganze Water Project, Kilifi district<br /> • Procurement and installation of pumping<br /> equipment<br /> • Institute of Participatory Development.NGO<br /> Target population: 1,500<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh900,000 from WSTF<br /> • This was a<br /> drought mitigation<br /> project (early<br /> 2006); Planned<br /> activities completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted.<br /> Mchombo water project Taita Taveta district<br /> • Gravity piped scheme and VIP latrines &<br /> training.<br /> • Plumbers Without Frontiers (PWF)<br /> Target population:<br /> 15,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh11,800,720 with<br /> WSTF contributing<br /> Sh10,816,512<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> RIFT VALLEY<br /> Lodwar Catholic Church Water & Sanitation<br /> Project. Turkana district<br /> • Rock catchment dams, earth dam, Shallow<br /> wells; formation of water committees & training.<br /> • Diocese of Lodwar Catholic Church<br /> • Enaretisho Water & Sanitation Project, Narok<br /> district<br /> • Rainwater harvesting VIP latrines 8 No. and<br /> training<br /> • Community’s own CBO<br /> Matebei Water & Sanitation Project, Koibatek<br /> district<br /> • Borehole Pumping scheme, masonry storage<br /> tanks, pumping & distribution lines VIP latrines<br /> and community training<br /> • Community’s own CBO<br /> • Target population:<br /> 17,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh11,527,255 with<br /> WSTF contributing<br /> Sh10,000,000<br /> arget population: 600<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh3,341,000 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh2,954,000<br /> Target population: 5,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh11,297,654 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh9,149,490<br /> All planned activities<br /> completed;<br /> Final report submitted.<br /> • All planned<br /> activities completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted.<br /> All planned<br /> activities completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted; Project<br /> commissioned in<br /> August 2006.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 547</div> <div>Economy, Nairobi Metropolitan Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 838<br /> Nairobi hosts several United Nations<br /> agencies like the UN Environment<br /> Programme (UNEP) and the UN<br /> Human Settlement Programme<br /> (UN HABITAT). Other agencies<br /> such as United Nations Children’s<br /> Fund (UNICEF), United Nations<br /> Development Programme (UNDP)<br /> and United Nations Centre for<br /> Regional Development (UNCRD)<br /> have offices in Nairobi.<br /> The city also hosts international<br /> banks and financial institutions,<br /> multi-national corporations and<br /> international research institutions.<br /> It is also a major tourist destination<br /> because of its favourable climate,<br /> national parks and a golf course in<br /> the city centre.<br /> Nairobi has played a significant<br /> role in peace in the region, hosting<br /> peace talks for Somalia and Sudan.<br /> Kenya is a member of Common<br /> Markets for East and Southern<br /> Africa (COMESA), East African<br /> Community (EAC) and Intergovernmental<br /> Authority on Drought<br /> and Development (IGAD) and has<br /> a lot of influence on inter-regional<br /> trade due to its superior infrastructure<br /> at Jomo Kenyatta International<br /> Airport (JKIA).<br /> Nairobi also serves the region<br /> through a well-established telecommunication<br /> network, the best in East<br /> and Central Africa. The region is<br /> also a hub for the northern corridor<br /> transport network and the trans-<br /> African highway from Cape Town to<br /> Cairo. It is the seat of Government,<br /> the biggest commercial, financial<br /> and industrial centre of the country,<br /> contributing slightly more than<br /> 50 per cent to the Gross Domestic<br /> Product (GDP), and accounts<br /> for the largest proportion of wage<br /> employment at 44.3 per cent (Kenya<br /> National Bureau of Statistics). Nairobi<br /> accounts for 20.1 per cent of the<br /> national urban population and 5.2<br /> per cent of the national population.<br /> The Government’s aim is to transform<br /> the city and other major towns<br /> into vibrant centres of economic<br /> activity. But Nairobi is not the only<br /> metropolitan region in the Vision<br /> 2030 programme. There are five<br /> others though Nairobi is the first<br /> — Mombasa, Kisumu-Kakamega,<br /> Wajir-Garissa, Mwingi-Meru-Isiolo<br /> and Eldoret-Nakuru.<br /> Metro strategy<br /> The Government created a ministry<br /> — Nairobi Metropolitan Development<br /> — to spearhead the Metro<br /> 2030 strategy. The plan requires<br /> a whopping Sh33 trillion ($412<br /> billion) and the Government will<br /> partner with the private sector and<br /> development partners to raise the<br /> resources.<br /> The Chinese government and<br /> HABITAT have agreed to support<br /> programmes in the strategy. The<br /> population of metropolitan region<br /> (15 local authorities) was about 6.1<br /> million in 2007 and is projected to<br /> reach 12.1 million 2030. The Nairobi<br /> Metropolitan Growth and Development<br /> Strategy (Nairobi Metro 2030)<br /> identifies seven key result areas</div> <div>Cooperatives and Marketing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> • Lack of capacity in market intelligence<br /> and market research<br /> • Infrastructural weakness and<br /> high maintenance costs<br /> • Inadequate funding<br /> • Lack of ICT awareness in rural<br /> areas<br /> Ministry of Cooperative<br /> Development<br /> It promotes cooperatives and offers<br /> education and training, financing<br /> policy, savings, credit and banking<br /> services policy. The ministry is<br /> responsible for cooperative governance,<br /> presides over the Cooperative<br /> Tribunal, markets and promotes<br /> cooperative ventures and runs the<br /> Cooperative College .<br /> To improve the performance of<br /> cooperatives, the ministry has identified<br /> key priorities:<br /> • Speeding up the cooperative<br /> development policy and realign it<br /> with Vision 2030<br /> • Enhancing technical assistance<br /> for strategic programmes<br /> designed to accelerate the revival<br /> of dormant, but viable cooperatives<br /> and promote new ones that<br /> have potential to reduce poverty<br /> • Promoting marketing and value<br /> addition in cooperatives<br /> • Enhancing the capacity of the<br /> ministry to effectively supervise<br /> the management of cooperatives<br /> • Strengthening governance<br /> References<br /> 1 Encountering the Evidence: Cooperatives<br /> and Poverty Reduction in Africa; Frederick O.<br /> Wanyama, Patrick Develtere, Ignace Pollet<br /> (Working Papers on Social and Cooperative<br /> Entrepreneurship)<br /> 2 The Cooperative College; The Cooperative<br /> Movement in Africa - Village Banks - the<br /> Cooperative Movement in Kenya by Stirling<br /> Smith - College Associate<br /> 3 Supporting SMEs development and the role<br /> of microfinance in Africa; Rose Mwaniki<br /> Microfinance & Enterprise Consultant, INAFI<br /> Africa Trust<br /> 4 Survey Report / Baseline Study of Catering<br /> Cooperative Society in Kenya; Oyieke, T.O.<br /> Nguithi Ba, B.K.Macharia, M.<br /> 5 Marketing Cooperatives and Peasants in<br /> Kenya; Bager, Torben<br /> 6 The Economic and Social role of the Cooperative<br /> Movement in Kenya: Towards Stability<br /> and Profitability; Henry Osando<br /> 7 Evolution, Growth and Decline of the Cooperative<br /> sector; Paul Gamba, Isaac Komo<br /> • www. co-operative.go.ke<br /> • www.kenyanewsagency.go.ke<br /> • www.kuscco.com<br /> • www.co-op.ac.uk/coop movement in Africa<br /> • www.kpcu.co.ke<br /> • wikipedia.org<br /> 732</div> <div>Gender and Children<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 938<br /> established a free child help line —<br /> 116 — where Kenyans can report<br /> cases of child abuse or violence.<br /> This was first established with the<br /> Government and Childline Kenya.<br /> Other partners such as the World<br /> Vision, UNICEF, International Overseas<br /> Migration (IOM), Plan International<br /> and telephone services providers<br /> Safaricom, Zain and Telkom<br /> later joined.<br /> The Government provided land<br /> and staff, while other partners took<br /> care of other logistics. Nairobi is the<br /> main line and the project has been<br /> rolled out in Mombasa, Eldoret and<br /> Garissa and other areas with child<br /> protection centres.<br /> Children participation<br /> Structures have been created to<br /> empower children in their families,<br /> schools, communities and nationally.<br /> This is done through Children’s<br /> Voices, a national programme that<br /> allows children to air their views on<br /> matters that affect them.<br /> The department, on recommendations<br /> from the UN Convention<br /> on Rights of Children, is working<br /> on a document to be used in educating<br /> opinion leaders and other<br /> stakeholders on the need to listen to<br /> children.<br /> Volunteer services<br /> Volunteer officers are recruited to<br /> help provide services to children.<br /> The Kenya Volunteers Children’s<br /> Services Officer system was<br /> introduced under the Kenya-Japan<br /> collaboration for improvement of<br /> juvenile justice. The concept was<br /> first introduced in Trans Nzoia and<br /> Kisumu districts as well as Dagoretti<br /> Division in Nairobi before it rolled<br /> out countrywide.<br /> The volunteers are recruited by the<br /> Director of Children’s Services on the<br /> recommendation of local advisory<br /> councils. They complement the work<br /> of children’s officers.<br /> Volunteer officers ensure that the<br /> rights of children are protected, guide<br /> children in need of care and protection<br /> and rehabilitate and reintegrate<br /> child offenders into the community.<br /> They also promote collaboration<br /> with partners and stakeholders on<br /> children’s issues in the provision of<br /> services and act as secretaries to the<br /> locational area advisory council. Volunteer<br /> are dismissed if they contravene<br /> the code of conduct or commit<br /> criminal offences.<br /> National Council for<br /> Children’s Services<br /> It is charged with securing the well<br /> being of children and oversees and<br /> policy direction on children’s affairs<br /> It approves registration of charitable<br /> children’s institutions, mobilises<br /> resources for children’s activities<br /> and formulates policies and guidelines<br /> for the benefit of the child.<br /> Way forward<br /> The department plans to: Speed up<br /> the implementation of children’s<br /> rights<br /> • Train people to deal with data<br /> collection and entry</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 278<br /> stable countries in Africa since the 1960s.<br /> This is also manifested in the number of<br /> international and regional organisations<br /> with headquarters in Nairobi, including two<br /> United Nations agencies.<br /> e-Government<br /> The Government has started a connectivity<br /> and e-service delivery project. It is supported<br /> by the World Bank under the Transparency<br /> Communication Infrastructure Project<br /> (TCIP). Its goal is to boost ICT connectivity,<br /> improve delivery of services, increase the<br /> quality of information from Government to<br /> citizens and increase the Government’s abil-<br /> BPO Contact Society<br /> It is the private sector association<br /> that represents the<br /> Contact Centre and Business<br /> Process Outsourcing industry.<br /> Members of the Kenya<br /> BPO and Contact Society are<br /> companies and individuals<br /> in the local and international<br /> industry. Its mandate is to<br /> establish a strong industry<br /> that creates employment<br /> and becomes a large generator<br /> of revenue. Kenya has<br /> received a lot of interest<br /> from international organisations<br /> who want to outsource<br /> back office and call centre<br /> functions offshore. Thousands<br /> of jobs have been<br /> created. The Government<br /> has identified outsourcing as<br /> one of the five major sectors<br /> for development in Vision<br /> 2030. It has attracted foreign<br /> investment, skills transfer,<br /> new enterprise and job<br /> creation.<br /> www.kenyabposociety.or.ke</div> <div>Likoni Ferry<br /> It is a boat service across<br /> the Kilindini Harbour,<br /> serving the island town of<br /> Mombasa and the mainland<br /> one of Likoni. Two<br /> double-ended ferries alternate<br /> across the harbour,<br /> carrying road and foot<br /> traffic. The ferries are operated<br /> by the Kenya Ferry<br /> Services (KFS). The ferry<br /> started operating in 1937.<br /> Passenger services are free<br /> but vehicle owners have<br /> pay a toll. The Mombasa<br /> side terminal of the Likoni<br /> line is at the southern end<br /> of the island. The distance<br /> is about 500 metres.<br /> There is a passenger-only<br /> peak hour service between<br /> Mtongwe and Mombasa<br /> next to Bandari College.<br /> The Dongo Kundu bypass<br /> is planned to ease congestion.<br /> The road will run from<br /> Shika Adabu (between<br /> Likoni and Diani) to Miritini<br /> (on the Mombasa-Nairobi<br /> highway). The shortest<br /> route by road from<br /> Likoni to Mombasa Island<br /> is through Kwale, 30km<br /> southwest of Mombasa.<br /> A bridge or tunnel from<br /> Likoni to Mombasa have<br /> also been proposed.<br /> able distress alerts and location information<br /> to Search and Rescue authorities worldwide.<br /> KCAA maintains an International Beacon<br /> Registration Database on behalf of the<br /> COSPAS-SARSAT secretariat. The Authority<br /> requires aircraft to be equipped with<br /> 406 MHz Emergency Locator Terminals so<br /> that they can be detected by the COSPAS-<br /> SARSAT system. The database is open for<br /> all emergency position-indicating radio<br /> beacons, Emergency Locator Transmitters<br /> and Personal Locator Beacons. Mobilisation<br /> of resources is done through the National<br /> Security Council, which manages national<br /> disasters.<br /> SAR is divided into Maritime and Aeronautical<br /> in accordance with the ICAO and International<br /> Maritime Organisation agreements.<br /> The jurisdiction of the Marine SAR is the territorial<br /> waters of the State, including lakes and<br /> the Indian Ocean. The facilities include naval<br /> ships, police and KPA boats, personnel from<br /> the Disciplined Forces and volunteers from<br /> Government.<br /> The Marine and Aeronautical SAR organisations<br /> share resources — aircraft, vessels<br /> and personnel from the Army, Navy, Air<br /> Force, police, Kenya Wildlife Service, Kenya<br /> Forest Service and the National Youth Service.<br /> Air Traffic Control Services<br /> The service is provided by ground controllers<br /> who direct aircraft on the ground and<br /> in the air. Its primary purpose is to prevent<br /> collisions, organise and expedite the flow of<br /> traffic and provide information and support<br /> for pilots. The Air Traffic Control Department<br /> manages and operates air traffic services<br /> and search and rescue activities within the<br /> Nairobi Flight Information Region. With the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 637</div> <div>pia, Southern Sudan, north-eastern<br /> Tanzania and Somalia.<br /> The port has 16 deep-water<br /> berths — three handle containers<br /> and 13 conventional cargo. Two oil<br /> jetties are for refined and crude oil,<br /> with the capacity to handle tankers<br /> of up to 80,000 DWT.<br /> Mombasa is the second largest<br /> port in Africa (Durban in South<br /> Africa is the largest) in tonnage and<br /> containers handled. Total cargo<br /> traffic through the port averages 16<br /> million tonnes a year. After Durban,<br /> Mombasa is also the second best<br /> connected port in the region, with<br /> 17 shipping lines calling and direct<br /> connectivity to more than 80 ports.<br /> KPA also owns and operates<br /> Inland Container Depots (ICDs) or<br /> ‘dry ports’ in Nairobi and Kisumu.<br /> The ICDs are connected to the<br /> port by a special rail service (railtainer)<br /> that transports containerised<br /> imports and exports.<br /> Expansion of the port is high<br /> on the Government’s agenda. Its<br /> annual cargo turnover is projected<br /> to reach 30 million tonnes by<br /> 2030. In this regard, the Transport<br /> ministry, through KPA, has started<br /> developing port infrastructure at<br /> Kilindini harbour to expand the ship<br /> turning basin, dredge the channel<br /> to increase the depth of the berthing<br /> areas and construct additional<br /> cargo termini. The port has initiated<br /> computerisation programmes to<br /> enhance quick and efficient processing<br /> of cargo. It now operates a<br /> 24-hour, seven-days-a week work<br /> system. The Ministry of Transport<br /> has initiated the development of a<br /> second transport corridor, starting<br /> with the construction of a port at<br /> Lamu. It will be connected to Southern<br /> Sudan and Ethiopia by rail, road<br /> and oil pipeline. An oil refinery will<br /> also be constructed at Lamu and<br /> this will lead to the development<br /> of resort cities and other amenities<br /> along the transport corridor.<br /> The second transport corridor will<br /> be of immense economic benefit<br /> to Kenya and is estimated to cost<br /> billions of shillings. The Government<br /> has embraced Public Private<br /> Partnerships to develop the projects<br /> on build, operate and transfer (BOT)<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 629</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 76<br /> Chalbi Desert<br /> It is a small desert in<br /> northern Kenya and<br /> southern Ethiopia east of<br /> Lake Turkana, the largest<br /> permanent desert lake<br /> in the world. Marsabit<br /> is the closest town.<br /> Chalbi, which in Gabbra<br /> means ‘bare and salty’, is<br /> Kenya’s only true desert<br /> and is surrounded by<br /> volcanoes and ancient<br /> lava flows. It is home to<br /> the Rendille and Gabbra.<br /> It is the harshest of the<br /> entire northwestern section<br /> and only the toughest<br /> of species survive.<br /> Stretching up to Huri<br /> Hills towards the<br /> Ethiopian border,<br /> Chalbi pretends to be<br /> a simmering lake, but<br /> it is an ocean of hot<br /> and dry volcanic sand,<br /> with no shelter or oasis.<br /> When the rains come,<br /> the desert turns into a<br /> non-navigable shallow<br /> lake. The discovery of<br /> fossilised fish vertebrae<br /> and snail shells is an<br /> indication that there existed<br /> a large lake 10,000<br /> years ago. The lake is<br /> an expanse of clay and<br /> white salt, where the<br /> horizon dissolves into a<br /> mirage and where can<br /> be found herds of oryx,<br /> ostrich or even Grevys<br /> zebra galloping across<br /> this great whiteness.<br /> www.enchanted-landscape.com/<br /> chalbi<br /> Of the total area, 97.8 per cent is land, while<br /> 2.2 per cent is covered by water. But only 20<br /> per cent of it is suitable for agriculture. The<br /> rest is arid and semi-arid. The pressure on<br /> the land is high as more than 75 per cent of<br /> the population lives in the arable parts. Even<br /> after independence in 1963, colonial settlers<br /> continued to hold large swathes of land<br /> as they had 999-year leases. The colonial<br /> government established two systems of land<br /> ownership: Customary and statutory under<br /> 17 statutes.<br /> New Constitution<br /> With the enactment of the new Constitution<br /> and the adoption of the National Land Policy,<br /> most of the problems associated with land<br /> will begin to be resolved. The new Constitution<br /> (Chapter 5 Sections 60-68) classifies into<br /> public, private and community and points<br /> out that all land in Kenya belongs to the<br /> people collectively as a nation, communities<br /> and individuals.<br /> Public land<br /> It refers to land unalienated by the Government,<br /> used or occupied by a State organ,<br /> which no individual or community ownership<br /> can be established, minerals and mineral<br /> oils, Government forests, and game reserves.<br /> Other lands that fall into this category are<br /> water catchment areas, national parks, Government<br /> animal sanctuaries, roads, rivers,<br /> lakes and other water bodies, the territorial<br /> sea, the exclusive economic zone and the sea<br /> bed. The continental shelf, land between the<br /> high and low water marks and any land not<br /> classified as private or community land also<br /> fall in this category. In the county, public land<br /> will be held in trust for the people by a county<br /> government and administered on their behalf</div> <div>Tourist destinations<br /> Obama’s ancestral village<br /> Kogelo, the ancestral home of US<br /> President Barack Obama’s father,<br /> receives streams of visitors ever<br /> since he announced his candidature<br /> for the presidency. The guests range<br /> from curious locals and journalists<br /> to international tourists. The ministry<br /> has declared the home a world<br /> heritage site.<br /> Obama’s victory in November<br /> 2008 transformed Kogelo into a<br /> major tourist attraction. Most taxis<br /> in the nearby Kisumu town were<br /> hired out and hotels fully booked<br /> the weekend preceding Obama’s<br /> victory. Taxis doubled their charges<br /> from Sh3,000 ($37.5) to Sh6,000<br /> ($75) a day and still got passengers<br /> — an indication of the village’s economic<br /> potential.<br /> Taxi operators, hotels and restaurants<br /> near Kogelo have recorded<br /> brisk business since due to the high<br /> number of tourists streaming to<br /> the village. Reports indicate that<br /> a significant number of bookings<br /> are made locally and online, and in<br /> some instances hotels have had to<br /> refer clients to outlying areas.<br /> Indications that the Government<br /> would elevate the US President’s<br /> ancestral home to celebrity status<br /> became clear when the 10km<br /> stretch from the main road to the village<br /> was upgraded.<br /> On the night Obama won the<br /> election, Kenya Power and Lighting<br /> Company technicians connected a<br /> line from the main road to his ancestral<br /> home, lighting up a village that<br /> had hitherto been without electricity.<br /> These developments have begun<br /> to attract investors. Already, an<br /> entrepreneurial resident has leased<br /> out a portion of his land to a developer<br /> who is putting up a hotel.<br /> National parks and game reserves<br /> National parks and reserves are the<br /> foundation of tourism in Kenya.<br /> Kenya has 23 national parks, 26<br /> national reserves, four national<br /> marine parks, six national marine<br /> reserves and four national sanctuaries.<br /> The main parks are: Nairobi,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 959</div> <div>Justice and correctional services<br /> and campaigns, complaints investigation,<br /> research policy and capacity<br /> building and strengthening of<br /> institutions.<br /> In the new Constitution, it will be<br /> called the Kenya National Human<br /> Rights and Equality Commission.<br /> Its commissioners and those of the<br /> National Commission on Gender<br /> and Development will become<br /> members of the new commission<br /> for their unexpired term. The<br /> KNCHR chairperson will be the<br /> chairperson of the new commission<br /> for the unexpired term, while the<br /> chairperson of the National Commission<br /> on Gender and Development<br /> will be the vice-chairperson<br /> for her unexpired term.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 822<br /> Truth, Justice and<br /> Reconciliation Commission<br /> (TJRC)<br /> When the Narc Government<br /> came to power in 2003, it set up an<br /> 18-member taskforce to find out if<br /> Kenya needed a truth and reconciliation<br /> commission to look into<br /> abuses and crimes committed since<br /> independence. It recommended<br /> the setting up of the commission to<br /> inquire into human rights violations<br /> between December 12, 1963 and<br /> December 31, 2002.<br /> However, it was established at<br /> the time. But it came to pass in 2008<br /> after the 2007 disputed presidential<br /> elections. Parliament enacted the<br /> Truth, Justice and Reconciliation<br /> Act, which provides for the Truth<br /> Justice and Reconciliation Commission.<br /> In 2009, President Kibaki<br /> appointed commissioners to serve<br /> in the nine-member TJRC – six local<br /> and three foreign experts. They<br /> are Bethuel Kiplagat (chairman for<br /> a tribunal has been appointed to<br /> investigate his conduct), Tecla Namachanja<br /> (vice-chairperson), Tom<br /> Ojienda, Margaret Wambui Ngugi<br /> Shava, and Ahmed Sheikh Farah.<br /> The international experts are Gertrude<br /> Chawatama (Zambia), Berhanu<br /> Dinka (Ethiopia) and Ronald<br /> Slye (US), who has since resigned.</div> <div>The Vision envisages an integrated<br /> transport system, with airports<br /> as the gateway into and out<br /> of Africa; free ports able to handle<br /> all sizes of vessels; an efficient and<br /> reliable road transport network and<br /> transit points in major cities. It aims<br /> to create a world-class transport<br /> system that contributes to better<br /> quality of life.<br /> Public transport<br /> It is estimated that 25,000 matatus<br /> (minibuses) operate on Kenyan<br /> roads, constituting the bulk of public<br /> transport. In February 2004, the<br /> Ministry of Transport introduced<br /> new regulations governing the operation<br /> of matatus, including fitting of<br /> safety belts and speed governors. In<br /> addition, carrying excess passengers<br /> in buses and matatus was banned.<br /> The implementation of the regulations<br /> led to a drastic reduction in the<br /> number of people killed or injured<br /> in road accidents.<br /> In Nairobi, the number of large<br /> buses plying city routes have<br /> increased. They include City Hoppa,<br /> Double M, Kenya Bus Service and<br /> the Smart Bus. The growth of bus<br /> transport companies has been<br /> buoyed by the need to decongest<br /> city roads, especially in the Central<br /> Business District (CBD).<br /> The Government has built a<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 593</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Science and research in<br /> Kenya can be traced<br /> back to the early 20th<br /> Century when the colonial<br /> government established<br /> research and development<br /> facilities in agriculture and health.<br /> They included the Scott Agricultural<br /> Laboratories in 1903, Coffee<br /> Research Services in 1908, Veterinary<br /> Research Laboratories in 1910<br /> and Medical Research Laboratory in<br /> 1958. The colonialists made similar<br /> efforts during the 1940s and 1950s.<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 2.6<br /> The amount of funding in<br /> millions of US dollars, the<br /> equivalent of Sh200 million,<br /> that the Government allocated<br /> the research kitty in 2008.<br /> Research institutions and<br /> individual researchers and<br /> scientists can apply for the<br /> money<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 891</div> <div>Safety and security<br /> Security is a key consideration for tourists in<br /> selecting a holiday destination. The Government<br /> is committed to continually improve<br /> security for visitors and residents. To counter<br /> any perception that Kenya is an unsafe destination,<br /> safety concerns are closely monitored<br /> and addressed.<br /> The Ministry of Tourism makes the safety<br /> and security of visitors a priority, and Kenya<br /> has an excellent reputation for protecting<br /> tourists during their stay. A special Tourist<br /> Police Unit has been created through<br /> an agreement between the Commissioner<br /> of Police and the Permanent Secretary in<br /> the ministry. (See chapter on Security and<br /> Defence).<br /> In addition, there is a Safety and Communication<br /> Centre under the Kenya Tourism<br /> Federation (KTF), which operates for 24<br /> hours to monitor visitor safety. The centre<br /> provides a hotline (02-604767) where tourists<br /> can seek help. It is manned by well-trained<br /> staff.<br /> KTF represents the leading tourism trade<br /> associations, comprising the Kenya Association<br /> of Tour Operators (KATO), Kenya<br /> Association of Hotelkeepers and Caterers<br /> (KAHC), Kenya Association of Travel Agents<br /> (KATA), Kenya Budget Hotels Association<br /> (KBHA), Kenya Association of Air Operators<br /> (KAAO), Ecotourism Society of Kenya<br /> (ESOK) and Mombasa and Coast Tourism<br /> Association (MCTA).<br /> Investment incentives<br /> Kenya has many advantages as a foreign<br /> investment destination. The workforce is<br /> skilled, English-speaking and enterprising.<br /> Kenya is in a central location with a coastline,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1023</div> <div>Energy<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 664</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> TABLE 4: ENROLMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS BY FORM AND SEX, 2005-2009<br /> Form 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br /> Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls<br /> Form 1 139469 124384 161588 137873 170650 143045 207212 180461 232,854 212,467<br /> Form 2 122867 109471 132015 119077 173165 149840 196500 163164 202,045 175,098<br /> Form 3 120912 107770 120978 115443 157572 134793 181775 155798 190,987 156,785<br /> Form 4 110909 98367 131491 111615 137304 113899 161026 136275 182,764 154,546<br /> TOTAL 494157 439992 546072 484008 638691 541577 746513 635698 808,650 698,896<br /> GRAND TOTAL 934149 1030080 1180268 1382211 1,507,546<br /> Source: Ministry of Education *Provisional<br /> 372<br /> </div> <div>and valleys that extend beyond the<br /> reserve boundaries.<br /> Reserve accommodation is available<br /> at Shimba Hills Lodge Block<br /> Hotels. KWS offers self-catering<br /> accommodation at Sable Banda.<br /> The bandas have four units with a<br /> capacity of two and a fully furnished<br /> kitchen. Reservations are made<br /> through the warden or KWS headquarters<br /> in Nairobi.<br /> Camping facilities are also available<br /> at four public sites: Professional<br /> (capacity 100), Makadara (capacity<br /> 50), ocean view (capacity 50), Sheldrick<br /> Falls Walk (capacity 50)<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> Sibiloi National Park<br /> The 1,570sq km park is on the<br /> north-eastern shore of Lake Turkana<br /> in Marsabit District, about 800km<br /> from Nairobi. It is one of the world’s<br /> greatest treasures as the cradle of<br /> humankind. It was originally established<br /> by the National Museums of<br /> Kenya to protect unique pre-historic<br /> and archaeological sites.<br /> The key attractions are preserved<br /> wildlife fossils, which include the<br /> Giant Tortoise and the 18-20ftlong<br /> crocodile. Sites — Koobi Fora<br /> Museum and Research Base and the<br /> tempestuous ‘Jade Sea’ — attest that<br /> Turkana is part of the cradle of man.<br /> The park is waterless except for<br /> the alkaline waters of the lake. It,<br /> however, harbours variety of wildlife,<br /> including the zebra, giraffe,<br /> hippo, crocodile and numerous bird<br /> species such as flamingos, pelicans<br /> and ducks. The world’s largest Nile<br /> crocodile population breeds on<br /> Lake Turkana’s Central Island.<br /> The park can be accessed by air<br /> through two all-weather airstrips.<br /> By road, 4WD vehicles are preferred<br /> and travel in convoy is recommended.<br /> It is a three-day drive from<br /> Nairobi via Marsabit and North Horr<br /> or Maralal and South Horr.<br /> Alternatively, visitors can travel by<br /> road from Nairobi to Kalokol on the<br /> lake’s western shores through Kitale<br /> and Lodwar. From Kalokol, boat hire<br /> services are available across the lake<br /> to Allia Bay.<br /> The park has accommodation<br /> at Oasis Lodge and Lobolo Tented<br /> Camp. Self-catering services are<br /> provided at Allia Bay Guesthouse<br /> — three-double bedrooms, solargenerated<br /> electricity and furnished<br /> indoor sitting, dining and kitchen.<br /> At Koobi Fora Museum is a campsite.<br /> Two public campsites (latrines<br /> only no water) are at Turkana and<br /> Sunset Strip Camp.<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> sibiloi@kws.go.ke<br /> Tana River Primate Reserve<br /> The 6sq km reserve is 350km east of<br /> Nairobi and 240km north of Mombasa<br /> in Tana River District. It was<br /> opened in 1976 to protect the lower<br /> Tana River forest and two endangered<br /> species of monkey: Crested<br /> Mangabey and the Tana River<br /> Colobus. The major attractions are<br /> the red colobus monkey, crested<br /> mangabey, Tana River and riverine<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 995</div> <div>too. But the economy rebounded in<br /> 2009 to grow at 2.6 per cent.<br /> The growth was driven by resurgence<br /> of activities in the tourism<br /> sector, resilience in the building<br /> and construction industry and<br /> the transport and communication<br /> sector. The Government also supported<br /> growth through an enabling<br /> environment and the economic<br /> stimulus package in the 2009-2010<br /> Budget.<br /> In 2009, the hotels and restaurants<br /> sector recorded a 42.8 per cent<br /> growth, a huge leap from -36.1 per<br /> cent in 2008. Construction, too, registered<br /> high growth of 14.1 per cent,<br /> up from 8.2 per cent in 2008. The<br /> growth in transport and communication<br /> stood at 6.4 per cent, up from<br /> 3.1 per cent in the previous year.<br /> Financial intermediation grew 4.6<br /> per cent compared to 2.7 per cent<br /> in 2008, while fishing returned a 7.4<br /> per cent growth in 2009, up from<br /> -13.2 per cent the previous year.<br /> But other sectors performed<br /> poorly. Agriculture and forestry<br /> declined 2.6 per cent in 2009, lower<br /> than -4.1 in 2008. Mining and quarrying<br /> declined 4.2 per cent, down<br /> from a growth of 2.9 per cent,<br /> while electricity and water supply<br /> recorded a negative 3.1 per cent<br /> growth compared to 5.4 per cent in<br /> 2008.<br /> Growth in 2003-2007 was the<br /> best-sustained performance of the<br /> economy in more than 30 years.<br /> Manufacturing, which in 2002<br /> grew by 0.2 per cent, registered 8.3<br /> per cent in 2007 (3.8 per cent in<br /> 2008), while agriculture exports<br /> doubled. International hard currency<br /> reserves rose from $1.1 billion<br /> (Sh82.5 billion) 2002 to $3.6 billion<br /> (Sh270 billion) in 2007.<br /> After successful implementation<br /> of ERS, the Integrated Household<br /> Budget Survey showed poverty<br /> declined from 56.8 per cent in 2000<br /> to 46 per cent in 2006, a 20 per cent<br /> decline. Rural poverty fell from 51.5<br /> per cent in 2000 to 33.7 per cent in<br /> 2006. However, the post-election<br /> crisis, high crude oil prices and prolonged<br /> drought have had a negative<br /> impact on this success.<br /> In public finance, the central<br /> Government expenditure was<br /> expected to expand by 31.9 per cent<br /> to stand at Sh887 billion in 2009/10.<br /> The development expenditure<br /> accounted for 28.5 per cent compared<br /> to 23.1 per cent in 2008/09.<br /> The central Government revenue<br /> (including grants) is expected to<br /> record a 15.3 per cent increase to<br /> Sh612.6 billion in 2009/10. The<br /> fiscal deficit is expected to widen,<br /> necessitating increased short-term<br /> and long-term domestic financing<br /> by 30.3 per cent and 53.2 per cent,<br /> respectively.<br /> The balance of payments position<br /> recorded a surplus Sh75.2 billion<br /> ($940 million) in 2009 compared<br /> to a Sh33.2 billion ($415 million)<br /> deficit in 2008. This was due to<br /> increased net capital inflows and<br /> improved current account balance<br /> from a deficit of Sh137.1 billion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 195</div> <div>tional content common today. But after the<br /> attempted coup on August 1 1982, stricter<br /> controls were imposed on broadcasting, and<br /> content development lagged behind the rest<br /> of the world.<br /> VOK became a Government mouthpiece.<br /> In 1989, it reverted to its former name, KBC.<br /> In the late 1980s, several entrepreneurs,<br /> keen to participate in what was becoming a<br /> broadcasting revolution around the world,<br /> approached the Government for licences of<br /> independent television and radio stations.<br /> Liberalisation<br /> From the mid 1990s, the Government has<br /> fully liberalised the airwaves and issued<br /> broadcasting permits and licences to many<br /> private entities. The Government has also<br /> authorised foreign radio stations to operate<br /> in Kenya.<br /> The liberalisation has resulted in vibrant<br /> broadcasting, especially FM sound and TV<br /> broadcasting, with the demand for frequencies<br /> outstripping supply, especially in urban<br /> areas. The first private television stations were<br /> licensed in 1990 — KTN in January and Stellagraphics<br /> Ltd (STV) in July. In 1995, the Government<br /> licensed the country’s first private<br /> FM station, Capital FM.<br /> Capital FM, first private station<br /> Capital FM went on air in September 1996.<br /> Initially marketed as a radio station targeting<br /> the urban elite and which played rock music,<br /> it has since undergone a gradual transformation<br /> and provides the ‘Best Mix of Music’ with<br /> a synthesis of Rock, R&B, Neo Soul, Hip Hop<br /> and Oldies. In recent times, the station has<br /> become a multi-platform brand — spanning<br /> from club nights such as Red Friday, New<br /> Jack Swing, Rock Nights and the Internet on<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 259</div> <div>Pan Africa Insurance<br /> The company started writing<br /> life business in Mombasa<br /> in 1947. In 1963, it<br /> was listed on the Nairobi<br /> Stock Exchange. It opened<br /> branches in Nairobi, Dar<br /> and Kampala. In 1972, it<br /> started writing general<br /> insurance business. On<br /> August 1, 1982, the head<br /> office was moved from<br /> Mombasa to Nairobi.<br /> In 2002, the company was<br /> restructured into three<br /> — Pan Africa Insurance<br /> Holdings, Pan Africa Life<br /> Assurance and Pan Africa<br /> General Insurance. Pan Africa<br /> General Insurance and<br /> Apollo Insurance Company<br /> merged in 2003 to form<br /> APA Insurance Company.<br /> www.pan-africa.com<br /> 16 fund managers, six custodians and 23<br /> administrators.<br /> In 2007, the sector started full participation<br /> in the financial markets when it was<br /> allowed that pensions can be used to<br /> secure mortgage loans. Pension benefits<br /> were also exempted from laws governing<br /> estates upon the death of an individual,<br /> while a fund for collecting dues of members<br /> who cannot be traced was formed.<br /> The National Social Security Fund<br /> (Registration) (Amendment) Order 2007<br /> opened the NSSF to millions of casual<br /> workers and self-employed individuals 16<br /> years of age and above beginning January<br /> 1, 2008. The Sh180 billion ($2.25 billion)<br /> sector comprises the dominant NSSF,<br /> 1,076 registered schemes, 12 individual<br /> schemes, the Civil Service pension scheme<br /> and 12 fund managers. Fifteen per cent of<br /> the working population is covered by the<br /> schemes, with NSSF taking 67 per cent,<br /> the Civil Service scheme 22 per cent, private<br /> schemes 10 per cent and individual<br /> schemes one per cent.<br /> The Pensions Department at Treasury<br /> increases pensioners’ dues for Government<br /> retirees who left service on or before June<br /> 30, 2005 in July 2006. The minimum pension<br /> was increased by 300 per cent from<br /> Sh500 ($6.6) a month to Sh2, 000 ($26.6)<br /> in 2005. Pension for those earning Sh1, 000<br /> ($13.3) or less a month was raised to Sh2,<br /> 000. All other pensions were increased by<br /> 3 per cent. However, the initial minimum<br /> increase of the monthly pension was set at<br /> Sh1, 000.<br /> Pension increases for retired officials was<br /> paid in July 2006 to their bank accounts<br /> together with arrears backdated to July<br /> 2005. Increases for dependants, which are<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 207</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 624<br /> African Express<br /> Airways<br /> African Express Airways<br /> is the second Kenyan<br /> designated airline to<br /> over 30 countries in four<br /> continents. The oldest<br /> private airline in East<br /> Africa is based at Jomo<br /> Kenyatta International<br /> Airport. It targets business<br /> and leisure travelers,<br /> and operates a daily<br /> departure from Nairobi.<br /> It is now possible for<br /> a customer to make<br /> a booking and print a<br /> ticket. The firm has an<br /> Associate Jet Aircraft<br /> Maintenance Company<br /> near its offices. It also<br /> has a hangar at Jomo<br /> Kenyatta International<br /> Airport, the first private<br /> one in East and Central<br /> Africa.<br /> www.africaexpress.co.ke<br /> robi and 214km north west of Lodwar town,<br /> 24km to the Southern Sudan border. The<br /> Government took over the running of the airport<br /> in 1999 and officials from Government<br /> departments and the Kenya Airports Authority<br /> were deployed.<br /> The airport is on 600 acres, but only 250<br /> acres are in use. It operates between 0330-<br /> 1530. The runway is 1,800m long and 20m<br /> wide and There are no designated taxiway<br /> systems in Lokichoggio. However, aircraft<br /> are guided to designated parking positions<br /> through radio control and physical marshalling.<br /> The apron surface is both tar, marked and<br /> murramed. However, there are no marked<br /> apron bays. It is divided into a caravan ramp<br /> for general aviation, main apron for mainly<br /> World Food Programme (WFP) operations<br /> and medium aircraft, buffalo and murram<br /> ramps and a 748 ramp for private parking.<br /> But Lokichoggio does not have cargo facilities.<br /> However, WFP operates a large warehouse<br /> at the airport for storing relief supplies.<br /> Other small-scale cargo is handled by individual<br /> operators. The airport’s has a temporary<br /> and movable terminal structure, control<br /> tower, police post, Immigration and Customs<br /> offices and passenger canteens.<br /> The services at the airport include passenger<br /> facilitation and coordination and air<br /> navigation, taxi, air charter, aviation fuel and<br /> fire and rescue services. It also has duty free<br /> shops, bar and restaurants.<br /> Kenya Airways<br /> It is the national carrier, presently flying to 50<br /> destinations. It was established in February<br /> 1977 after the break up of the East African<br /> Community and subsequent disbanding of<br /> the jointly-owned East African Airways.<br /> In 1986, the Government made the first</div> <div>Industrialisation<br /> The industrial sector’s share of GDP<br /> has remained at between 15 and 16<br /> per cent in the past five years. Manufacturing<br /> accounts for the greatest<br /> share of industrial production and is<br /> the core of industry.<br /> In 2007, 1.88 million people were<br /> employed in the formal and inforterm<br /> finance to enterprises. Its<br /> financial services include corporate<br /> loans offered to medium and large<br /> enterprises for financing working<br /> capital and business expansion. It<br /> gives loans of up to Sh150 million<br /> ($1.875 million), whose repayment<br /> period is up to 10 years, with a grace<br /> period of six months.<br /> To get the loan, business proposals<br /> and applications are required, a<br /> company’s audited accounts for the<br /> last 3 years, security cover, a company<br /> board’s resolution and a copy<br /> of partnership deed.<br /> ICDC offers venture capital and<br /> joint venture financing to new viable<br /> businesses and existing ones. The<br /> Equity amount ranges between<br /> Sh10 million ($125,000) and Sh80<br /> million ($1 million) and has a flexible<br /> exit period of up to 10 years. To<br /> get the loan, a business proposal or<br /> application, feasibility study report,<br /> memorandum and articles of association,<br /> CVs of directors and management<br /> and audited accounts for<br /> the last three years are required.<br /> Commercial loans are offered<br /> to small and medium entrepreneurs<br /> to support their businesses.<br /> The loan given is of up to Sh150<br /> million ($1.875 million) with a<br /> repayment period of up to five<br /> years. Clients also have access to<br /> a top up loan. Business proposals,<br /> audited accounts for the past three<br /> years, bank statements for the past<br /> 12 months and security cover are<br /> required.<br /> ICDC also gives industrial loans<br /> to small and medium enterprises<br /> to buy industrial machinery and<br /> equipment and to provide working<br /> capital. The benefits include a loan<br /> of up to Sh10 million ($125,000)<br /> with a repayment period of up to 10<br /> years. Business proposals, audited<br /> accounts for the past three years,<br /> bank statements for the past 12<br /> months, a business registration<br /> certificate and security cover are<br /> required.<br /> Asset financing is another product<br /> offered by ICDC. It enables businesses<br /> and individuals to acquire<br /> vehicles through financing of distribution<br /> trucks under a guarantee<br /> scheme and vehicles under a staff<br /> car loan scheme. The lending limit<br /> is of up to Sh20 million ($250,000),<br /> access to a top up loan and three<br /> years repayment period.<br /> Customers are required to apply,<br /> show proof of a reliable source of<br /> income, a comprehensive insurance<br /> cover, letter of guarantee, valuation<br /> report from the Auto Mobile Association<br /> of Kenya or the Ministry of<br /> Public Works (where applicable), a<br /> security cover and bank statements<br /> for the past 12 months.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 789</div> <div>K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 991</div> <div>Justice and correctional services<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 826<br /> Training of advocates<br /> The Kenya School of<br /> Law is the only Bar<br /> school in the country.<br /> After completion of an<br /> undergraduate degree<br /> course in law from a<br /> recognised university,<br /> students attend the<br /> School to be prepared<br /> for admission to the Bar.<br /> It was initially a law<br /> vocational training<br /> school in 1963.<br /> However, the establishment<br /> of faculties of law<br /> in East African universities<br /> led to a need to<br /> change the training<br /> offered. In 1963, 11<br /> students were admitted<br /> at a four-acre plot on<br /> Valley Road next to the<br /> University of Nairobi’s<br /> Dental School. The<br /> premises was formerly<br /> a maternity wing of<br /> Nairobi Hospital.<br /> www.ksl.ac.ke<br /> entire judicial system is at the core of the<br /> programme. It supports measures aimed<br /> at prison decongestion, community service<br /> orders as an alternative to rehabilitating petty<br /> offenders, the strengthening of public prosecution,<br /> legal aid and strengthens the parole<br /> system through probation and aftercare<br /> services. The reform programme has helped<br /> improve the services of the police and other<br /> law enforcement agencies. This includes<br /> the provision of equipment and change of<br /> attitude through capacity building, including<br /> retraining of staff on work culture, attitude<br /> change and community policing.<br /> One goal under the sector is the launch of<br /> a national crime prevention strategy. In addition,<br /> the programme is reforming Kenya’s<br /> investment and commercial laws by supporting<br /> the simplification of complex rules and<br /> procedures.<br /> Kenya Law Reform Commission (KLRC)<br /> It was established in 1982. The functions of<br /> KLRC include receiving proposals for law<br /> reform, preparing for the AG programmes<br /> on various branches of law and examining<br /> approved programmes by the AG and formulation<br /> of draft Bills. The commission’s mission<br /> is to contribute to reform, harmonisation<br /> and simplification of laws. To strengthen its<br /> role, the Kenya Law Reform Commission Bill<br /> is has been drafted for debate in Parliament.<br /> Legal education and aid<br /> In Kenya, only universities are allowed to<br /> offer degrees in law. Public universities —<br /> Nairobi, Moi and Kenyatta — teach law as do<br /> some chartered private universities. However,<br /> institutions of higher learning that are<br /> not chartered universities may offer diploma<br /> courses in law.</div> <div>Internet use in Kenya<br /> A recent survey says Kenya<br /> has about 4 million Internet<br /> users. More people, especially<br /> the youth, are using<br /> Government Internet centres<br /> and cyber cafes in rural<br /> areas. The lower income<br /> groups have recorded faster<br /> growth in Internet access.<br /> However, penetration within<br /> middle class is still low,<br /> making it the group with the<br /> highest growth potential.<br /> However, there is big shift —<br /> a significant fall in the number<br /> of people using cyber<br /> cafes and a commensurate<br /> rise in the number using mobile<br /> telephones. This is bad<br /> news for cyber-cafes, but<br /> good news for mobile operators<br /> if Internet offers can get<br /> cheaper and pre-paid.<br /> www.itu.int<br /> points. By 2003, more than 150 cyber cafes<br /> were licensed and the number grew month<br /> on month. In 2004, the exclusive clause that<br /> gave Telkom Kenya rights to certain facets of<br /> telephone and Internet connectivity came to<br /> an end, leaving the field open for new players<br /> to apply for international gateways and lease<br /> line services. Now, 113 such operators and<br /> service providers have been licensed, 67 of<br /> which are operational. Three million Kenyans<br /> have access to Internet services now, up from<br /> the handful in the early 1990s.<br /> The fibre revolution has had implications<br /> for the ISP business as companies that initially<br /> offered Internet services have broadened<br /> their scope to include infrastructure.<br /> An aggressive campaign for domestic users<br /> is expected from mobile service providers as<br /> they eye new revenues as income from voice<br /> services is expected to decline with the saturation<br /> of the market.<br /> The operators are developing new revenue<br /> streams from third generation broadband<br /> and mobile banking services. With market<br /> penetration rates in Kenya’s broadband and<br /> traditional banking sector still low, the mobile<br /> networks have an opportunity for a replay of<br /> phenomenal growth rates in the voice sector<br /> in recent years.<br /> However, a few challenges still face the<br /> country as international fibre links begin to<br /> provide cheaper Internet connectivity. There<br /> is still little local content on the Internet to<br /> invoke demand from local viewers and most<br /> commercial ISPs still focus on Internet access<br /> rather than Internet-driven services and<br /> applications.<br /> Fibre optic cables<br /> In 2002, the East Africa Business Community<br /> started a process that would see countries<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 251</div> <div>TABLE 1 : NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, 2005-2009<br /> Category 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009<br /> Schools:<br /> Pre-Primary 34043 36121 37263 37954 38,247<br /> Primary:<br /> Public 17807 17946 18063 18130 18,543<br /> Private 7546 7983 8041 8076 8,124<br /> Total 25353 25929 26104 26206 26,667<br /> Secondary:<br /> Public 3621 3646 4245 4261 5,019<br /> Private 1773 2013 2240 2305 1,952<br /> Total 5394 5659 6485 6566 6,971<br /> Training Colleges:<br /> Pre-Primary 48 106 170 196 260<br /> Primary 30 30 33 96 105<br /> Secondary~ 3 3 3 2 3<br /> Total 81 139 206 294 368<br /> Universities:<br /> Public 7 7 7 7 7<br /> Private 17 17 21 21 24<br /> Total 24 24 28 28 31<br /> TOTAL 65,847 68,484 70,709 71,753 73,089<br /> Source: Ministry of Education<br /> *Includes Kenya Technical Training College<br /> Oldest schools in Kenya<br /> 1. School at Rabai (1846)<br /> 2. Kaimosi Friends Primary<br /> (1902)<br /> 3. Maseno (1906)<br /> 4. Jamhuri High (1906)<br /> 5. Tumutumu Mission<br /> School (1908)<br /> 6. Kenya High School<br /> (1908)<br /> 7. Nairobi School (1910)<br /> 8. Thogoto Teachers’<br /> Training College (1910)<br /> 9. Kaimosi Girls (1920)<br /> 10. Kaimosi Boys (1921)<br /> 11. Mang’u School (1925)<br /> 12. Alliance School (1926)<br /> 13. St. Mary’s Yala, (1927)<br /> 14. Moi Girl’s High Eldoret<br /> (1928)<br /> Secondary education<br /> It caters for primary school graduates in the<br /> 14-17 years age group. Students sit the Kenya<br /> Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE)<br /> examination after four years. This is the final<br /> cycle that prepares them for university education<br /> and middle-level trades and professions,<br /> vocational and technical training.<br /> Enrolment has been remarkable in secondary<br /> education — from 151 secondary schools<br /> at independence in 1963 and an enrolment<br /> of 30,120 students to 6,971 schools with an<br /> enrolment of 1.5 million students now.<br /> Free Tuition Secondary Education Programme<br /> has boosted access to high school<br /> education, mainly in day schools. The gross<br /> enrolment rate has risen from 38 per cent<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 343</div> <div>Guidelines have been set for visiting<br /> researchers to boost collaboration<br /> between KEMRI and other<br /> institutions. The director appoints<br /> visiting scientists on condition that:<br /> • They are prepared to work in<br /> research on national priority<br /> and within the mandate of the<br /> Institute<br /> • The research work is for the benefit<br /> of Kenya and KEMRI<br /> • Unless otherwise stated, KEMRI<br /> is not responsible for costs of visiting<br /> scientists.<br /> • Research programmes must provide<br /> training arrangements for<br /> Kenyans locally and abroad, and<br /> visiting researchers must train<br /> their research staff at KEMRI<br /> • Visiting scientists must provide<br /> the KEMRI director with academic<br /> and professional qualifications<br /> and past employment<br /> record<br /> • Equipment and materials<br /> brought by visiting scientists<br /> becomes the property of KEMRI<br /> • The maintenance costs of equipment<br /> is borne by the collaborating<br /> organisation during the<br /> research period<br /> • Reports and other documents<br /> sent to the sponsoring organisation<br /> must be copied to the<br /> KEMRI director<br /> • Publications done in collaboration<br /> with the Institute must conform<br /> with KEMRI requirements<br /> and be approved by the director<br /> • Collaborating organisations<br /> should send a budget for<br /> research at KEMRI before the<br /> beginning of each financial year<br /> • Appointments of staff on collaborative<br /> research programmes<br /> must be authorised by the director<br /> • Visiting scientists are appointed<br /> to one of the research centres at<br /> KEMRI and are accountable to<br /> the director through the directors<br /> of research centres<br /> • Scientific inventions with market<br /> potential made through collaborative<br /> research should be jointly<br /> patented among scientists or<br /> their sponsoring organisations<br /> and KEMRI<br /> • At the end of the appointment,<br /> visiting scientists should write a<br /> report of their work to the director<br /> • A visiting non-Kenyan scientist<br /> must have Kenyan counterparts<br /> at the level of technologist and<br /> above<br /> Visiting scientists must include<br /> in their publications of projects<br /> at KEMRI Kenyan co-authors. If a<br /> local counterpart or co-author is<br /> not available, the director of the<br /> research centre will assume the role<br /> unless the centre director identifies<br /> a staff member to play the role.<br /> Research associate scientists are<br /> people who, through the director’s<br /> permission, have access to<br /> the KEMRI’s facilities even as they<br /> remain in their institutions or places<br /> of work.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 901</div> <div>strikes ceased, and Kenya again<br /> reached the semi-finals of the Intercontinental<br /> Cup. They warmed up<br /> for the semi-finals in Windhoek with<br /> a tour of Zimbabwe, to play two<br /> first-class and one one-day match<br /> against Zimbabwe A. They won all<br /> the games and drew against Bermuda<br /> in the semi-final of the 2005<br /> ICC Intercontinental Cup, but lost to<br /> Ireland in the final, despite scoring<br /> 404/4 in their first innings<br /> In 2006, the Kenya Cricket Association<br /> was disbanded and replaced<br /> by Cricket Kenya. The rebuilding<br /> process was in full swing and Kenya<br /> began to play ODI cricket again.<br /> The return to ODI was a five-match<br /> series against Zimbabwe, which was<br /> drawn 2-2 with one match abandoned.<br /> This was followed by a fourmatch<br /> series against Bangladesh.<br /> The 2006 ICC Intercontinental<br /> Cup campaign got off to a poor start<br /> with a draw against the Netherlands<br /> and a defeat to Canada. But a<br /> resilient Kenya bounced back with<br /> two ODI wins over Canada at the<br /> Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling<br /> Club. In 2007, Kenya won a triangular<br /> tournament in Mombasa against<br /> Canada and Scotland, which Kenya<br /> won. It then hosted Division One of<br /> the World Cricket League at three<br /> grounds in Nairobi, playing against<br /> Bermuda, Canada, Ireland, the<br /> Netherlands and Scotland.<br /> Kenya also won this event, beating<br /> Scotland in the final. The World<br /> Cup, Kenya’s fourth, followed and<br /> Kenya beat Canada in the first<br /> round. Kenya initially participated<br /> in the 2009 ICC World Twenty20<br /> Qualified in Northern Ireland, the<br /> associate qualification tournament<br /> for the 2009 ICC World Twenty20.<br /> One of the favourites at the start<br /> of the tournament, Kenya finished<br /> second in Group B with a loss to the<br /> Netherlands and a win over Canada.<br /> It, however, lost to Ireland and Scotland<br /> in the knockout stages. Eventually,<br /> it finished fourth. In 2008 and<br /> 2009, Kenya hosted several ODI<br /> series.<br /> Cricket Kenya<br /> It is the ICC recognised organisation<br /> that represents Kenya in cricket<br /> issues. Its role is to oversee the<br /> national cricket team and organise<br /> international matches. The installation<br /> of Cricket Kenya to be in charge<br /> of the game came after a drawn-out<br /> dispute with the previous management,<br /> the Kenya Cricket Association,<br /> provincial boards and other<br /> stakeholders.<br /> The dispute, which centred on<br /> constitutional review, financial irregularities<br /> and players’ disputes over<br /> pay, eventually saw the KCA lose<br /> credibility in cricket circles. Players,<br /> administrators and the Government<br /> withdrew their recognition and<br /> support of KCA in favour of Cricket<br /> Kenya, which was then an interim<br /> board set up by the Government.<br /> With the intervention of ICC, an<br /> agreement on new elections and a<br /> new constitution was agreed upon.<br /> The board members elected in<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1131</div> <div>Introduction<br /> In the last seven years, the education system has recorded<br /> major developments. In 2003, the new Government fulfilled<br /> its election pledge that public primary school education<br /> would be free. On the day schools opened, one extra million<br /> pupils joined public schools. Today, enrolment stands at close<br /> to nine million from 5.9 million in 2002. In the programme, each pupil<br /> gets Sh1,020 ($12.75) a year for writing and reading materials and to<br /> meet general school costs. The money is paid to the school. Schools<br /> get more money for infrastructure development, water and sanitation.<br /> Another landmark is the introduction of free tuition secondary<br /> education in 2008. Each student is allocated Sh10,000 ($125) a year<br /> for curricula and co-curricula<br /> costs.<br /> University education, too,<br /> has expanded. Kenya has 44<br /> universities, seven public and<br /> the others private. They have<br /> campuses all over the country<br /> and the enrolment stands<br /> at about 145,000. Technical<br /> education has also made<br /> great strides. Kenya and<br /> Mombasa polytechnics have<br /> been upgraded to university<br /> colleges offering degree<br /> programmes, while funding<br /> to technical institutes, a<br /> technical training college and<br /> colleges of technology has<br /> increased. Youth polytechnics<br /> have been boosted<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 31<br /> Number of public and<br /> private universities in<br /> Kenya. They, in turn, have<br /> many campuses all over the<br /> country, with enrolment at<br /> universities hitting 120,000<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 337</div> <div>Old Mutual Kenya<br /> Old Mutual Kenya is owned by<br /> Old Mutual plc, an international<br /> financial services company,<br /> with operations in life assurance,<br /> asset management, banking<br /> and general insurance. Its<br /> operations started in Kenya in<br /> the 1920s and were directed<br /> from Salisbury (now Harare)<br /> until 1930, when a branch was<br /> opened in Nairobi. In 1974,<br /> lawyer Sam Waruhiu was<br /> appointed to the Old Mutual<br /> board and chairman in 1974.<br /> Old Mutual Asset Management<br /> company formed in Kenya in<br /> 1997 and Old Mutual Investment<br /> Services (Kenya) in 1999.<br /> In 2002, Old Mutual Asset<br /> Management became the largest<br /> private asset management<br /> firm in Kenya with assets worth<br /> Sh30 billion ($375 million)<br /> www.oldmutualkenya.com<br /> 44, of which 21 provide medical insurance.<br /> Others are 2,665 insurance agents, 201 insurance<br /> brokers, 213 loss assessors, 30 insurance<br /> surveyors, 21 loss adjusters and one claim<br /> settling agent.<br /> The Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA),<br /> a semi-autonomous regulator, was set up<br /> in 2008. IRA is expected to improve regulation<br /> and stability of the industry. Previously,<br /> a department of the Ministry of Finance<br /> administered the insurance industry and it<br /> was headed by the Commissioner of Insurance.<br /> Insurance penetration in Kenya is at 2.5 per<br /> cent. More flexible rules have been formulated.<br /> The 2008/09 Budget increased the level<br /> of allowable investments by insurance companies<br /> in shares, debentures or corporate<br /> bonds of financial institutions from five to 10<br /> per cent. The Commissioner of Insurance<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 205</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> UN in Nairobi<br /> The United Nations Office<br /> at Nairobi is the UN’s<br /> African headquarters. The<br /> office complex is also the<br /> headquarters of the UN<br /> Environment Programme<br /> and UN-HABITAT. The Gigiri<br /> Complex is a potent symbol<br /> of the UN’s commitment<br /> to equitable social and<br /> economic development, and<br /> to breaking the shackles<br /> of poverty in Africa. It also<br /> serves other UN agencies<br /> in Kenya and provides<br /> world-class conference and<br /> information facilities. UNON<br /> is headed by a Director-<br /> General at Under-Secretary-<br /> General level, who reports<br /> to the UN Secretary-General.<br /> After 40 years in Kenya, the<br /> UN is not only a fundamental<br /> nucleus for UN operations,<br /> but also a key player in the<br /> regional economy. It has 75<br /> regional and employs about<br /> 800 international and 2,000<br /> local staff.<br /> www.unon.org<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 68<br /> its troubled history before the end of the 19 th<br /> century.<br /> The date when Mombasa was built is<br /> unknown, but it is the oldest town in Kenya<br /> and is mentioned by Arab geographer Al<br /> Idrisi in his 1151AD chronicles.<br /> Mombasa has always been an important<br /> trading centre with the rest of the world.<br /> Other key towns in Coast Province are<br /> Malindi, Lamu, Watamu (East Africa’s first<br /> marine national park), Voi and in Diani.<br /> North Eastern Province<br /> It has a population of 962,143 (in 1999) and<br /> the land area is 126,902 km2. The province is</div> <div>meaning that the water is alkaline<br /> and supports only microscopic<br /> algae with no fish. In 2000, Lake<br /> Bogoria was named the third<br /> RAMSAR site in Kenya<br /> Meru National Park<br /> The 870km square east-north-east<br /> of Mt Kenya in Meru is a wild and<br /> beautiful expanse straddling the<br /> Equator and bisected by 13 rivers<br /> and numerous mountain-fed<br /> streams. It has diverse scenery from<br /> woodlands at 3,400ft.<br /> Major attractions are the former<br /> home of conservationists Joy and<br /> George Adamson and Elsa, the lioness,<br /> view of Mt Kenya, rivers and<br /> riparian habitats, Tana River and<br /> Adamson’s Falls. The wildlife that<br /> inhabits the park includes Grevy’s<br /> zebra, elephant, eland, bush pig,<br /> waterbuck, cheetah, leopard, reticulated<br /> giraffe, hippo, Bohor reedbuck,<br /> hartebeest, python, puffadder, cobra<br /> and buffalo.<br /> More than 300 species of birds<br /> have been recorded in the park. The<br /> vegetation is mainly thorny bush<br /> land in the north, wooded grasslands<br /> in the west and open grassland<br /> elsewhere. The park also offers<br /> dense riverine forests of Doum and<br /> Raffia palm.<br /> It can be accessed from Nairobi<br /> 348km) via the Nyeri-Nanyuki-Meru<br /> or via Embu all weather roads. It<br /> can also be accessed from Maua to<br /> Murera Gate (35km). The main airstrip<br /> is at Kina next to Meru Mulika<br /> Lodge and another at Elsa’s Kopje.<br /> The park is not on the safari card<br /> system and entry is by cash —<br /> Kenya shilling or the US dollar.<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> merupark@kws.go.ke<br /> Mt Elgon National Park<br /> The 196km square park is 420km<br /> from Nairobi on the western<br /> border of Kenya and Uganda in<br /> Trans-Nzoia District. Mt Elgon,<br /> a volcanic mountain, is one of<br /> Kenya’s most beautiful parks, still<br /> wild and intact, with vast areas of<br /> untouched forest.<br /> The key attractions, besides<br /> the fauna and flora, is a variety of<br /> breathtaking scenery, including<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 977</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> manage the Mau Forest Complex. It<br /> has been given two years to restore<br /> the Mau to its original state.<br /> The focus includes resettlement,<br /> management, restoration<br /> and resource mobilisation. The<br /> Government plans to enact a law<br /> establishing a national coordination<br /> authority that will be conserve the<br /> Mau and other water towers — Mt<br /> Kenya, Cherangany Hills, Aberdares<br /> and Mt Elgon.<br /> Other efforts<br /> The Government has published<br /> regulations requiring land owners<br /> to plant trees on at least 10 per cent<br /> of their holdings. It has also barred<br /> agricultural activities within 30<br /> metres from a river.<br /> REDD+<br /> It is an abbreviation for Reducing<br /> Emissions from Deforestation and<br /> Forest Degradation, Sustainable<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Regular courses<br /> Course Title<br /> Higher Diploma course<br /> • Higher Diploma in Water Engineering<br /> Diploma Courses<br /> • Diploma in Water Engineering (Modular)<br /> • Diploma in Water Resources Management<br /> • Diploma in Irrigation and Drainage<br /> • Diploma in Water and Wastewater<br /> Laboratory Technology<br /> • Diploma in Information Technology<br /> Certificate Courses<br /> • Certificate in Water Engineering (Modular)<br /> • Certificate in Water Resources Management<br /> • Certificate in Water and Wastewater<br /> Technology<br /> • Certificate in Irrigation and Drainage<br /> Short courses<br /> Duration<br /> 2years<br /> 3 years<br /> 3years<br /> 2years<br /> 3years<br /> 2years<br /> 2years<br /> 2years<br /> 2years<br /> 2years<br /> Course Title Target Group Duration in days Fees (Kshs)<br /> Water Supply<br /> 1. Metering and<br /> Installation of Consumer<br /> Service Connection<br /> Water supply operators,<br /> foremen in metering,<br /> meter readers. Plumbers<br /> / pipe fitters<br /> 14.09.09 – 25.09.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 33,100<br /> 556</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 772<br /> tion and factory building; organise meetings<br /> with public agencies. It also processes applications<br /> for duty-free import of machinery,<br /> equipment, raw materials and spare parts,<br /> and assists foreign investors and expatriate<br /> staff to obtain work and residence permits<br /> Starting a company<br /> To register a company in Kenya:<br /> • The proposed name must be reserved<br /> pending registration — name can only be<br /> reserved for 30 days<br /> • Application for reservation should be<br /> made in writing and accompanied with<br /> the requisite fee — Sh600 ($8)<br /> Mombasa port<br /> Established in 1978, it is<br /> the second largest port in<br /> Africa in terms of tonnage<br /> and containers after Durban,<br /> South Africa. Total cargo<br /> traffic through the port is<br /> close to 20 million tonnes a<br /> year. After Durban, Mombasa<br /> is the best connected port in<br /> the region, with 17 shipping<br /> lines and direct connection<br /> with more than 80 ports.<br /> Container vessels turnaround<br /> time was three days<br /> in the third quarter of 2009,<br /> the best in the region.<br /> The average container dwell<br /> time is 6.4 days. Mombasa<br /> serves Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda,<br /> Burundi, eastern Democratic<br /> Republic of Congo,<br /> northern Tanzania, Southern<br /> Sudan and Ethiopia.<br /> www.kpa.co.ke</div> <div>Kenya Forestry College<br /> It was established in 1956 and is<br /> the training institution of KFS. It is<br /> in Kipkelion, Kericho, on the main<br /> Nakuru-Kericho road. It is on a<br /> 10,000-acre piece of land (Masaita<br /> forest block), which is a model for<br /> teaching, research and demonstration.<br /> The college is in a quiet rural<br /> setting conducive for study and<br /> research with beautiful scenery for<br /> site seeing, bird watching and camping.<br /> The college trains technical<br /> personnel in forestry and allied<br /> natural resources. So far, 1,866 forest<br /> rangers, 2,328 certificate and<br /> 1,512 diploma graduates have<br /> passed through the college. It offers<br /> diploma and certificate courses,<br /> and short courses in forestry and<br /> related fields. More than 100 such<br /> programmes are on offer.<br /> The college admits local and foreign<br /> students — Rwanda, Somalia,<br /> Zambia, Ethiopia, Malawi, Burundi,<br /> Comoros, Grenada, Botswana, Tanzania,<br /> Uganda, Namibia, Swaziland,<br /> Angola and Southern Sudan.<br /> Basic paramilitary and forest<br /> management training is also offered<br /> to rangers. Technical foresters are at<br /> diploma and certificate levels. Forest<br /> rangers from KFS, natural resource<br /> management institutions, forest<br /> protection agencies such as county<br /> councils are also trained.<br /> Communities and civic organisations<br /> involved in natural resource<br /> and environmental conservation<br /> are also offered short-term courses<br /> on forestry practice. Many courses<br /> are organised in collaboration with<br /> institutions such as Moi University’s<br /> School of Natural resources Management,<br /> and the Kenya Forestry<br /> Research Institute.<br /> Graduates have found jobs in the<br /> private and civic society sectors,<br /> and the Public Service. The diploma<br /> programme is tailored to facilitate<br /> further training at degree level. From<br /> January 2010, the college has been<br /> offering information technology<br /> training at diploma and certificate<br /> level for the youth from surrounding<br /> communities. The college also<br /> trains community scouts to enable<br /> them play an effective role in forest<br /> protection.<br /> The college has acquired a modern<br /> sawmill and will teach sawmilling,<br /> saw doctoring, carpentry and<br /> joinery. In August 2010, the college<br /> launched an ultra-modern convention<br /> centre to boost continuing<br /> education —workshops and training<br /> of public and civic agencies in the<br /> South Rift.<br /> Kenya Forestry Research Institute<br /> (KEFRI) (See chapter on Science and<br /> Research)<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 565</div> <div>Police training<br /> In 1911, a training depot<br /> was set up in Nairobi to<br /> improve the skills and efficiency<br /> of the police. In 1940,<br /> the second training depot<br /> was opened at Maseno. In<br /> 1948, the Nairobi Training<br /> Depot was transferred to<br /> Kiganjo, Nyeri, to a camp<br /> for Italian prisoners of war<br /> and renamed Kenya Police<br /> Training School. The Maseno<br /> depot was discontinued. In<br /> 1965, the training institution<br /> was renamed Kenya Police<br /> College. Between 1951 and<br /> 1953, ‘A’ and ‘B’ messes<br /> were built to accommodate<br /> senior officers undergoing<br /> training. In 1983, the current<br /> administration block was put<br /> up. Training at the college<br /> was primarily to produce<br /> constables knowledgeable<br /> in police procedures and<br /> law. But in 1961, the Higher<br /> Training Course started,<br /> the year the first female<br /> Direct Entry Inspector was<br /> admitted. Today, the college<br /> offers traffic management,<br /> community policing, PR and<br /> customer care and stress<br /> management courses.<br /> www.kenyapolice.go.ke<br /> controls crowds in the airports and collects<br /> intelligence.<br /> It investigates claims, complaints and<br /> irregularities in conveyance of goods and<br /> passengers, lost and found property, missing<br /> goods and passenger ticket fraud within the<br /> aerodromes and airports<br /> The unit also safeguards airlines and private<br /> aircraft in the apron of aerodromes and<br /> airports and inquires into accidents within<br /> airports and aerodromes.<br /> It is also the responsibility of the unit to<br /> control entry into restricted and controlled<br /> access areas and operate and check the pass<br /> system for staff and vehicles at aerodromes<br /> and airports<br /> The officers search passengers, their hand<br /> and hold luggage mechanically and manually<br /> before they are loaded into aircraft.<br /> Maritime Police Unit<br /> It was established in 2007 as a law enforcement<br /> agency to deal with maritime activities<br /> and provide security along the seas and lakes<br /> in Kenya.<br /> Before, it was within the Port Police Kilindini<br /> Division.<br /> The unit supports the local police and comprises<br /> the Kilindini, Lamu, Kisumu, Port Victoria<br /> and Lake Baringo detachments.<br /> The unit will open up more detachments<br /> along the coastline and parts of Lake Victoria,<br /> especially in Homa Bay, Suba and Migori<br /> districts.<br /> Its role is to provide internal security along<br /> the seas and lakes in Kenya, prevent and<br /> monitor narcotic trade and control infiltration<br /> of small arms, keep vigil on terrorist<br /> activities and monitor refugee influx.<br /> It also searches and rescues operations<br /> along the Kenya waters.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 417</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 544<br /> traditional cultures. Forests and<br /> trees are symbolically important in<br /> most of the major religions. Trees<br /> symbolise historical continuity,<br /> link the earth and heavens and, to<br /> many traditions, are home to good<br /> and bad spirits, and the souls of<br /> ancestors.<br /> They offer recreational<br /> opportunities and spiritual solace.<br /> They are powerful symbols, a<br /> physical expression of life, growth<br /> and vigour to urban, rural and forest<br /> dwellers alike. Medicinal products<br /> from trees help to cure diseases<br /> and increase fertility. Trees preside<br /> over community discussions and<br /> marriages. They are planted at the<br /> birth of a child and at burial sites.<br /> Trees are the unsung heroes of<br /> our environment. They add value<br /> to homes, and help cool them and<br /> neighbourhood. Local authorities<br /> often plant trees along city and town<br /> streets. City trees serve architectural<br /> and engineering functions. They<br /> provide privacy, emphasise and<br /> screen out objectionable views.<br /> City trees also reduce glare and<br /> reflection. Trees and shrubs<br /> improve air quality. Leaves filter<br /> the air and remove dust and other<br /> particles. Rain then washes the<br /> pollutants to the ground. Leaves<br /> absorb carbon dioxide from the<br /> air to form carbohydrates that are<br /> used in the plant’s structure and<br /> function. Leaves also absorb other<br /> air pollutants —ozone, carbon<br /> monoxide and sulfur dioxide — and<br /> give off oxygen.<br /> Reclaiming Kenya’s forests<br /> The dependence on forest<br /> resources, especially by the rural citizenry,<br /> has increased over the years.<br /> With the expanding population, the<br /> demand for forest goods has gone<br /> up and this has led to reduction in<br /> the forest cover. Kenya has a forest<br /> cover of 1.7 per cent, far below the<br /> globally recommended minimum of<br /> 10 per cent.<br /> The management of forest<br /> resources faces several challenges.<br /> The main one, however, is the<br /> conversion of forestland into agriculture<br /> and settlement. This has<br /> jeopardised efforts to conserve<br /> forests and maintain major water<br /> towers. Environmental conservation<br /> calls for collective responsibility and<br /> commitment. Kenya is a signatory<br /> to multilateral environmental agreements<br /> and this should strengthen<br /> the country’s resolve to live up to the<br /> commitments.<br /> Fires that ravage forests, especially<br /> the Mau Forest Complex and<br /> other water towers, are a major<br /> setback to reforestation efforts and<br /> the catchment functions of the<br /> forests. Kenyans are committed to<br /> conservation and protection of the<br /> country’s natural resources. This is<br /> why leaders, the private sector and<br /> citizens have in recent years organised<br /> tree-planting drives.<br /> Billion Tree Campaign<br /> It is a worldwide tree-planting initiative<br /> facilitated by the United Nations<br /> Environment Programme. People,</div> <div>24 emblems; Elder of the Golden<br /> Heart (EGH); Moran of the Golden<br /> Heart (MGH); Chief of the Burning<br /> Spear (CBS); Elder of the Burning<br /> Spear (EBS); Order of the Grand<br /> Warrior (OGW) and Head of State<br /> Commendation<br /> Independence Monument<br /> It stands at the place where the<br /> Kenyan flag was raised on December<br /> 12, 1963 in Nairobi. It was built<br /> in commemoration of the 20th independence<br /> anniversary in 1983.<br /> State corporations<br /> Permanent Presidential Music<br /> Commission<br /> Its role is to document, develop and<br /> promote music and dance in Kenya.<br /> It provides policy and legislative<br /> framework for the preservation of<br /> music and dance. The Commission<br /> has helped preserve indigenous<br /> music. It has recorded traditional<br /> songs and dances of many communities<br /> in audio-visual format. It has<br /> developed documentaries, including<br /> Ngoma za Kenya, a series of five<br /> DVDs on dances from all communities<br /> in Kenya. It also has an impressive<br /> collection of traditional music<br /> instruments.<br /> The commission hosts biannual<br /> symposia for ethnomusicologists. It<br /> is also responsible for the preparation<br /> and presentation of entertainment<br /> programmes on national<br /> days, State and other major public<br /> functions.<br /> National Museums of Kenya<br /> The NMK is a State corporation<br /> established by the Museums and<br /> Heritage Act 2006. It is a multidisciplinary<br /> institution whose role is<br /> to collect, preserve, study, document<br /> and present Kenya’s past and present<br /> cultural and natural heritage.<br /> The purpose is to enhance knowledge,<br /> appreciation, respect and use<br /> of the resources for the benefit of<br /> Kenya and the world. NMK manages<br /> many regional museums, sites<br /> and monuments of national and<br /> international importance alongside<br /> priceless collections of Kenya’s living<br /> cultural and natural heritage.<br /> Each regional museum has its identity<br /> and develops programmes.<br /> NMK’s history dates back to 1910<br /> when a museum was established<br /> in Nairobi by the then East Africa<br /> and Uganda Natural History Society<br /> (now the East African Natural History<br /> Society). The group consisted<br /> of colonial settlers and naturalists<br /> who needed a place to preserve collections<br /> of various specimens. Its<br /> first site was at the present Nyayo<br /> House. The site soon became small<br /> and a larger building wasbuilt in<br /> 1922 where the Nairobi Serena<br /> Hotel stands.<br /> It was not until 1929 that the<br /> colonial government set aside land<br /> at Museum Hill and construction<br /> started. It was opened on September<br /> 22, 1930 and named Coryndon<br /> Museum in honour of Sir Robert<br /> Coryndon, a one-time Governor<br /> of Kenya and a staunch supporter<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 155</div> <div>Gender and Children<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 936<br /> Statistics on senior<br /> citizens in Kenya<br /> In conformity with the<br /> United Nations and the<br /> African Union, Kenya<br /> defines old people as<br /> those 65 years old and<br /> above. Kenya has about<br /> 1.5 million people aged<br /> 60 years and above or<br /> 4.8 per cent of the population.<br /> Older women<br /> are more than men<br /> and the highest concentration<br /> of the aged<br /> is in Nyanza and the<br /> Rift Valley provinces.<br /> Pension coverage in the<br /> country is low and limited<br /> to 3 per cent of the<br /> old population.<br /> www.rba.go.ke<br /> tion and a juvenile justice system, national<br /> plan of action and coordinating organisation<br /> on children’s rights.<br /> Child protection ranking puts Kenya on<br /> top, showing that it has performed well in<br /> laying legal and policy foundations for the<br /> protection of children. Laws protect children<br /> against harmful traditional practices, trafficking<br /> and sexual exploitation. It is one of the<br /> countries where corporal punishment is prohibited<br /> in schools and penal systems.<br /> A juvenile justice system has been established<br /> to deal with children’s cases. A Government<br /> agency coordinates national efforts<br /> and follows the implementation of children’s<br /> rights. In 2003, the Government introduced<br /> free primary education, which has resulted<br /> in high enrolment rates. The minimum age<br /> for marriage and employment in Kenya are<br /> consistent with internationally accepted standards<br /> for boys and girls. The Government<br /> and civil society analyse the situation of children<br /> and then write and present a report to</div> <div>by artists Jony Waite, Robin Anderson<br /> and David Hart. It promotes<br /> contemporary African art. Gallery<br /> Watatu — Kiswahili meaning ‘three<br /> people’ — is the reference for collectors,<br /> investors, museums, galleries<br /> and publishers of works of African<br /> paintings and sculptures.<br /> In 1984, it was acquired by<br /> American-born Ruth Schaffner and<br /> Ivoirian husband Adama Diawara,<br /> veteran Africana collectors who had<br /> galleries in Santa Barbara, US, and<br /> Tokyo, Japan. They took the gallery<br /> to new heights, locating it on the<br /> mezzanine floor of Lonrho Africa<br /> House on Standard Street, Nairobi.<br /> Gallery Watatu is home to the<br /> largest collection of originals of<br /> Tanzanian ES Tingatinga, founder<br /> of the international art movement,<br /> Tingatinga. It also has an important<br /> collection of Lilanga, the Makondeinspired<br /> vibrant art form of the<br /> Dar es Salaam School. There is an<br /> impressive cache of Senoufo, Dioula,<br /> Gouro, Baule, Bambara, Dan,<br /> and Chokwe masks, relics and other<br /> artifacts. Uganda-born Jak Katarikawe<br /> remains the most internationally<br /> acclaimed and best-selling<br /> contemporary artist at the gallery.<br /> But old hands like Timothy Brooke,<br /> Kivuthi Mbuno, Zacharia Mbutha,<br /> Elijah Ooko, Joel Oswaggo, Charles<br /> Sekano, Kamal Shah, Wanyu Brush,<br /> Mary Naita, Ancen Soi and Jony<br /> Waite have had tremendous impact<br /> over the decades. About 160 African<br /> and Africa-adopted Europeans<br /> painters and sculptors showcase<br /> through Gallery Watatu.<br /> The newcomers include Lonad,<br /> Erick Shitawah, Meek Gichugu,<br /> Joseph Kartoon, Sekajugo and Yassir<br /> Ali.<br /> Paa ya Paa Art Centre<br /> It is on Kiambu Road nestled deep<br /> inside natural forest land, not far<br /> from the capital, Nairobi. It was set<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 119</div> <div>Activities<br /> Output<br /> All St Cathedral Junction-City Mortuary roundabout-Dagoretti Corner-Ngong<br /> Maragi-Kiawambeu-Gitui-Karuri Road (E537)<br /> Giakanja-Tetu Mission (D434)<br /> Ihithe-Aberdare Forest-Kahuruko-Ndunyu Njeru Road (E1687/E580/D389)<br /> Njabini-Kinyona (E454)<br /> Kianyaga-Kiamutugu-Githure (D459/D458)<br /> Kangema-Gacharage (C70)<br /> Kagere-Munyange-Kihome/Ndunyu-Gituiga-Kirai-Gura River<br /> Kaharati-Njiiri’s (D417/D418)<br /> Witu-Lamu-Kiunga (C112/D568/E865)<br /> Hola-Garsen (B8)<br /> Isiolo-GarbaTula-Modogashe (B9)<br /> Embu-Kibugi-Kathangariri-Kianjokoma/Kianjakoma-Runyenjes (D467)<br /> Mwingi-Thuchi River (C93)<br /> Emali-Ukia Road (C99)/Kilala Loop (E476)<br /> Kikima-Kitungo-Mbumbuni (E478)<br /> Garissa-MadoGashi-Wajir (C81/B9)<br /> Wajir-Mandera (B9)<br /> Kisumu Ring Road (C87/C85)<br /> Mbita-Karungu and Mbita Causeway (D210)<br /> (plus replacement of causeway with bridge)<br /> Mosoriot-Chepterwai (D289/D297)<br /> Kesses-Lessos (D305/E284)<br /> Londiani-Fort Ternan-Muhoroni (C35)<br /> Kapenguria-Kunyao<br /> Nyaru-Iten (C53)<br /> Jn C39-Kaiboi-Turbo (C37)<br /> Turbo-Nzoia River-Sikhendu (C44)<br /> Kisumu-Kakamega-Webuye-Kitale (A1)<br /> KCC(Sotik)-Ndanai-Gorgor (C15)<br /> Gor Gor-Kilgoris Road (C14)<br /> Luanda-Majengo Road (C38)<br /> Makutano-Miu-Kyangondu-Mulu-Kaumoni-Wote (C101)<br /> Gor Gor-Kaboson-Sigor-Kyogong Road (C14)<br /> Kitale-Lodwar-Nandapar<br /> 31km<br /> 20km<br /> 50km<br /> 20km<br /> 40km<br /> 19km<br /> 60km<br /> 87km<br /> 60km<br /> 180km<br /> 93km<br /> 195km<br /> 55km<br /> 140km<br /> 52km<br /> 28km<br /> 330km<br /> 350km<br /> 60km<br /> 105km<br /> 48km<br /> 12km<br /> 61km<br /> 83km<br /> 52km<br /> 59km<br /> 60km<br /> 190km<br /> 28km<br /> 30km<br /> 16km<br /> 80km<br /> 57km<br /> 324km<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 605</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 292<br /> How fertiliser use<br /> increases yields<br /> The Ministry of Agriculture<br /> recommends the<br /> use of hybrid seed and<br /> fertiliser for maize, the<br /> country’s staple crop.<br /> This is based on evidence<br /> from experimental<br /> farms that fertiliser and<br /> hybrid seeds increase<br /> yield from 40 per cent to<br /> 100 per cent.<br /> The average return of<br /> using the most profitable<br /> quantity of fertiliser<br /> was 36 per cent over a<br /> season, or 69.5 per cent<br /> a year.<br /> Increases in yield are<br /> consistent with the<br /> results obtained in<br /> experimental farm trials:<br /> Using quarter, half and,<br /> one teaspoon of fertiliser<br /> increases yield by<br /> 28 per cent, 48 per cent,<br /> and 63 per cent, respectively.<br /> The full package<br /> recommended by the<br /> Ministry of Agriculture<br /> increases yield by 91<br /> per cent.<br /> www.mit.edu/files<br /> substantial amount of money to the sector to<br /> revive irrigation schemes and establish new<br /> ones.<br /> In 2009, tea production declined by<br /> 9.2 per cent from 3.458 million tonnes in<br /> 2008 to 3.14.million tonnes. However, tea<br /> export earnings increased from Sh63.8<br /> billion in 2008 to Sh68.8 billion in 2009 due<br /> to improved international prices. Coffee<br /> production increased by 35.7 per cent from<br /> 42,000 tonnes to 57,000 tonnes in 2009.<br /> Exports of fresh horticultural produce<br /> reduced from 193.1 thousand tonnes in 2008<br /> to 180.8 thousand tonnes in 2009, while<br /> export earnings declined from Sh58 billion<br /> Sh49.4 billion in 2009.<br /> The Ministry of Agriculture is mandated<br /> to promote and facilitate production of food<br /> and agricultural raw materials, boost agrobased<br /> industries and exports and enhance<br /> sustainable use of land resources.<br /> Food security<br /> To ensure that the country is food secure,<br /> the Government in 2008-2009 implemented<br /> many measures. The value of seeds farmers<br /> bought from the Kenya Seed Company, a<br /> State corporation, increased by 43.7 per cent<br /> from Sh2.5 billion in 2007 to Sh3.6 billion in<br /> 2008. Similarly, the Government has subsidised<br /> seed prices — maize, beans and sweet<br /> potatoes — for 1,000 farmers in Narok South<br /> District.<br /> The Government also set aside Sh300<br /> million ($3.75 million) to provide free seeds<br /> to poor families in the districts. It has also<br /> allocated Sh316 million ($3.95 million) for<br /> the provision of seeds for traditional crops to<br /> farmers.<br /> The country has several seed production<br /> and marketing companies supplying seeds to</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> Chimpanzee sanctuary<br /> The Sweetwaters Chimpanzee<br /> Sanctuary is in<br /> the Ol Pejeta Conservancy,<br /> Nanyuki, and the only<br /> place in Kenya where<br /> the endangered and<br /> remarkably intelligent<br /> species can be seen.<br /> The sanctuary opened<br /> in 1993 to provide<br /> refuge to orphaned and<br /> abused chimpanzees<br /> from West and Central<br /> Africa. An initial group<br /> of three orphans were<br /> brought to the sanctuary<br /> from Burundi. They were<br /> evacuated due to civil<br /> war. In 1995, nine adults<br /> were given refuge and 10<br /> in 1996.<br /> It now has 43 chimpanzees<br /> in the sanctuary. The<br /> chimpanzees live in two<br /> groups separated by the<br /> Ewaso Nyiro River.<br /> www.olpejetaconservancy.<br /> org/chimpanzee sanctuary<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 980<br /> Birds and reptile species have<br /> been recorded in the reserve. With<br /> more than 200 species of birds,<br /> Mwea is renowned for water birds<br /> and waders. It is the only protected<br /> area where the endangered Hinde’s<br /> babbler can be found. The Reserve<br /> also shelters two other rare species<br /> — Pel’s fishing owl and the whitebacked<br /> night heron.<br /> There are no lodges, tented<br /> camps or self-catering accommodation<br /> options in Mwea Reserve.<br /> Masinga Lodge is at Masinga Dam<br /> outside the reserve. However, camping<br /> facilities are available at Mbogo,<br /> Silvester, Mavuria, Kyangosi, Hippo<br /> Point, Kanyonga and Githechu.<br /> Game viewing, boat rides at the<br /> Kamburu Dam and Hippo Point<br /> are the key highlights in the reserve.<br /> It can be accessed by road from<br /> Nairobi through Thika-Matuu-<br /> Masinga Dam (160km). This route<br /> is surfaced until Masinga Dam<br /> Bridge — a further 10km of dirt road<br /> lies between the bridge and Makima<br /> Gate. Access is also possible through<br /> Embu-Machanga. By air, the park<br /> can be accessed through Masinga<br /> Airstrip near Masinga Lodge. The<br /> reserve does not operate the Safari</div> <div>the forefront of helping the education<br /> sector, especially in technical<br /> education. JICA funded the establishment<br /> of Jomo Kenyatta College<br /> of Agriculture and Technology (it<br /> has since become a university). It<br /> has also supported the Strengthening<br /> of Mathematics and Science in<br /> Secondary Education (SMASSE)<br /> project and CEMASTEA.<br /> Assessment Resource Service Centres<br /> in the districts. It has supported training<br /> of special education teachers and<br /> other experts and provided equipment.<br /> DfID<br /> The British Government’s Department<br /> for International Development<br /> has supported primary, secondary,<br /> technical and higher education in the<br /> form of physical facilities, provision of<br /> equipment and development of human<br /> resource development.<br /> JICA<br /> Japan, through the Japanese International<br /> Cooperation Agency has been on<br /> UNICEF<br /> The United Nations Children’s Fund<br /> main interest is basic education and<br /> it has provided massive support for<br /> the Free Primary Education programme.<br /> In the past, UNICEF supported<br /> pre-school education programmes,<br /> girls in primary school,<br /> participation and retention, nonformal<br /> education and education of<br /> children in difficult circumstances.<br /> Other areas of support include<br /> assessment of education outcomes<br /> at the primary level and HIV/Aids<br /> education.<br /> UNESCO<br /> The United Nations Educational,<br /> Scientific and Cultural Organisation<br /> has supported Kenya in diversification<br /> and expansion of secondary<br /> and vocational education. Support<br /> has also been provided in improving<br /> school effectiveness, management<br /> and monitoring of achievement and<br /> outcomes at primary and secondary<br /> education levels. Higher education<br /> has also benefited from training of<br /> administration staff.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 359</div> <div>ing in the same deposits the bones of<br /> sheep and cattle, and it is obviously<br /> these which in future will be used in<br /> assessing the age of the deposits.”<br /> Our past<br /> Leakey, who was the head of the East<br /> African Archaeological Expedition<br /> (1926), recovered remains of animals<br /> that are since extinct, among them a<br /> short-necked variance of the modern<br /> giraffe, which he named Sivatherium.<br /> The direct ancestor of modern humans<br /> (homo erectus or homo habilis) has<br /> also been discovered in Kenya. Life<br /> notwithstanding, the floor of the Rift<br /> Valley had numerous lakes (extensive,<br /> deeper and fresh) now extinct.<br /> Most of the fossils and archaeological<br /> materials have been found along<br /> the northern and central Rift and are<br /> preserved at the National Museums of<br /> Kenya headquarters in Nairobi and in<br /> others in the country. The headquarters<br /> of NMK is within walking distance<br /> of Nairobi city centre on Museum Hill<br /> Road.<br /> Many discoveries relating to the<br /> story of human evolution, including<br /> hominids and other faunal remains,<br /> early evidence of archaeological tools,<br /> discoveries of human-controlled fire<br /> and footprints of different animals and<br /> the early humans, have put Kenya in<br /> the world map. Proconsul heseloni is a<br /> fossil that was excavated during Louis<br /> Leakey’s 1947-1948 expeditions in<br /> Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria. The<br /> fossil, dated about 18 million years, has<br /> morphological characteristics similar<br /> to those of a primitive ape.<br /> Another important fossil discovery<br /> was that of paranthropus boisei (KNM-<br /> ER 406) skull discovered by Richard<br /> Leakey in 1969 at Koobi Fora, East of<br /> Lake Turkana. This fossil has enabled<br /> paleontologists to study sexual dimorphism<br /> in hominids. There is a clear<br /> morphological definition between<br /> males and females.<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 5<br /> Number of years in millions<br /> when humans traversed<br /> the Rift Valley in Kenya as<br /> indicated by the number,<br /> kind and spectacle of<br /> fossils recovered in the<br /> region showing this was a<br /> habitat<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 5</div> <div>Economy, Name index Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1150<br /> Public Service, 452-459,461-468,481<br /> Public Works, 641,644,646<br /> Ministry of Public Works, 646,662<br /> Raila Odinga, 34<br /> Rift valley, 1-9, 15, 21, 22,29,31,37,500,508<br /> RJM Swynnerton, 29, 37<br /> Registration of Persons, 877<br /> Religion, 27, 41, 51-54<br /> Research, 887,889,<br /> Development, 889,897<br /> Guidelines, 890<br /> Institutions, 887,889,894,897<br /> Kenyan researchers, 915<br /> Services, 889<br /> Rivers, 61, 69, 74-78<br /> Safaricom, 244,248,288<br /> Security and defense, 166-178, 401, 464, 467,<br /> 478-480<br /> Armed Forces, 420, 423,434 - 442,450<br /> Criminal Investigation Department, 409-<br /> 421<br /> General Service Unit (GSU),<br /> 405,409,410<br /> National Security Intelligence Services,<br /> 409<br /> Police, 403-421,434,400<br /> Training, 404-429,434,437,439,444<br /> Settlers, 4, 11, 16-26<br /> European, 4, 20<br /> State corporations, 155,169, 178, 365, 452,<br /> 455, 465-467, 564, 684, 688, 1023,<br /> 1051<br /> Sports, 1067, 1072<br /> Athletics, 1067- 1073, 1084, 1092<br /> Football, 1070, 1083, 1098, 1102-<br /> 1114, 1122<br /> Basketball, 1083, 1132, 1140<br /> Commonwealth Games, 1070, 1080,<br /> 1091, 1129, 1140<br /> Cricket, 1070,1118,1127,1140<br /> Hockey, 1069, 1130<br /> Golf, 1123, 1127<br /> Paralympics Games, 1094<br /> Olympic Games, 1071-1075, 1097,<br /> 1109<br /> Rugby, 1069, 1097,1102,1110,1122<br /> Volleyball, 1069,1083,1107,1140<br /> Sivatherium, 5<br /> Slums, 656, see Informal settlements<br /> Stone<br /> Tools, 8<br /> Age, 8,9,37<br /> See also Middle Stone Age, 8, 9<br /> Technology<br /> Innovations, 9,<br /> Advances, 83<br /> Telecommunication, 239-242,253,283<br /> Telephone, 253<br /> Companies, 247<br /> Industry, 248<br /> Mobile telephony, 240,244,248<br /> Services, 246,248<br /> Telkom Kenya, 240-250,280<br /> Theatre, 124,133,140-148<br /> Tom Mboya, 29, 31, 36<br /> Tourism, 951<br /> Sector, 954<br /> Destinations, 953<br /> Domestic, 954<br /> Trade, 699,703,705-715 755,757,761-766<br /> Associations, 780,782<br /> Foreign trade, 758,783<br /> Relations, 767<br /> Transport, 567,570,592-598,600-620,628-<br /> 640,872<br /> See also Infrastructure<br /> Turkana Boy, 6<br /> Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 402,928<br /> Vegetation 53, 64<br /> Vision 2030, 188, 191, 231, 236, 489, 552, 623,<br /> 666, 687, 807, 927<br /> Yu, 243,244,248<br /> Youth Fund, 199<br /> Wangari Maathai, 488,489,496<br /> Water<br /> Conservation, 514, 519, 529, 534, 549,<br /> 563<br /> Dams, 511-517,521,534,546,555<br /> Harvesting, 517,521,545-550,559<br /> Resources, 514,518,523-538,556,560<br /> Storage, 517,521,538,541,545,555<br /> Wildlife, 487,494-516,542,562,572,583-<br /> 595,637,951- 961, 1065<br /> Women Enterprise Fund, 187,197,198<br /> World War<br /> First, 8, 16, 23, 53<br /> Second, 15, 16<br /> Zain, 243,244,248</div> <div>Northern Kenya and regional development<br /> opment Policy, which is under review. The<br /> ministry also prepared a strategy to address<br /> the funding constraints in the RDAs. The<br /> achievements of the ministry and RDAs are:<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 950<br /> TARDA<br /> Tana and Athi Rivers<br /> Development Authority<br /> covers 138,000km<br /> square — 100,000km<br /> of Tana basin and<br /> 38,000km of Athi basin.<br /> It is divided into three:<br /> Upper zone – Mt Kenya<br /> and Aberdares region<br /> to the lower Murang’a<br /> District<br /> Middle Zone – lower<br /> Murang’a up to Garissa<br /> Lower Zone – catchment<br /> below Garissa town,<br /> Sabaki and the coastal<br /> region. Administratively,<br /> it covers most of Central<br /> Province, southern<br /> Eastern Province, riverine<br /> portion of North<br /> Eastern Province along<br /> the Tana River (Garissa<br /> and Ijara districts) and<br /> parts of Coast where the<br /> Tana and Athi drain into<br /> the Indian Ocean.<br /> www.regional-dev.go.ke<br /> Access to water resources<br /> • 40 wells have been rehabilitated in Gem,<br /> Siaya District<br /> • In 2004, a study was done and it has<br /> resulted in the implementation of the<br /> Kimira-Oluch Irrigation and Water Supply<br /> Project that will benefit about 3,000<br /> households in Homa Bay and Rachuonyo<br /> districts<br /> • Construction of a weir across River Yala in<br /> Bondo/Siaya.<br /> The water is used for irrigation, domestic<br /> purposes and livestock. The project will be<br /> scaled up for mini-hydro power production<br /> • Construction of an earth dam in Bangale,<br /> Tana River District<br /> • 15 water pans have been built in various<br /> districts: Samburu (seven), Ijara (one),<br /> Koibatek (three) and Baringo East (four)<br /> • Three water supply schemes in Keiyo District<br /> • Rehabilitation of irrigation furrows (15km)<br /> in Tot and Arror projects<br /> • Construction of an irrigation intake at Elelea<br /> Irrigation Project, Turkana South<br /> • Laying of a 1.5km-water supply pipeline at<br /> Kimao Dam, Baringo.<br /> • Seventy-seven water supply facilities completed<br /> and commissioned under Ewaso<br /> Ng’iro North Natural Resource Project.<br /> Management of natural resources<br /> • Regional masterplans developed for<br /> Ewaso Ng’iro North Development Authority<br /> and Ewaso Ng’iro South Development<br /> Authority and data collected in the other</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Kenyan rugby soars<br /> Kenyan rugby players<br /> are known the world<br /> over for flair, pace and<br /> sheer athleticism. This<br /> has been noted by many<br /> — International Rugby<br /> Board Chairman Vernon<br /> Pugh and international<br /> players and coaches.<br /> Kenya has competed in<br /> major tournaments and<br /> beaten rugby giants —<br /> France, Samoa, Wales,<br /> Australia, England and<br /> France among others.<br /> The introduction of the<br /> local sevens circuit has<br /> increased the popularity<br /> of the game and player<br /> exposure. Kenya has<br /> played top rugby teams<br /> from across the globe. In<br /> the tournaments, Kenya<br /> has emerged as crowd<br /> favourites due to pace<br /> and agility.<br /> See more<br /> www.trueblaq.com<br /> information<br /> Page 77<br /> East and Central Africa Football Association<br /> (CECAFA) Senior Challenge Cup in 1973 for<br /> the first time.<br /> The arrival of German coach Bernard Zgoll<br /> in the early 1970s heralded a new era for<br /> football. Besides coaching the national team,<br /> Zgoll set up youth development centres all<br /> over the country. They produced excellent<br /> players — Sammy Owino Kempes, Dick Anyanga,<br /> Wilberforce Mulamba, Sammy Taabu,<br /> Mickey Weche, Sammy Onyango and Jared<br /> Ingutia.<br /> Between 1981 and 1983, Kenya won three<br /> successive CECAFA Cup titles. That stellar<br /> team included Mahmoud Abbas in goal,<br /> Ogolla and Josephat Murila marshalled the<br /> defence, Ingutia and Wilberforce Mulamba<br /> were pivotal in attack, while Masiga and<br /> Ambrose Ayoyi were a formidable striking<br /> force.<br /> In 1981, Kenya beat hosts Tanzania 1-0<br /> to win the first of three successive regional<br /> diadems. The following year, Abbas gave a<br /> spectacular display of penalty saving when he<br /> helped Kenya beat Uganda in the final played<br /> in Kampala’s Nakivubo Stadium. In 1983, the<br /> tournament was held in Nairobi at the new<br /> Nyayo Stadium. The home team did not disappoint<br /> — it won the games all the way to the<br /> title. Ayoyi was the top scorer, earning himself<br /> the nickname ‘Golden Soldier Boy’.<br /> Kenya’s most successful football year was<br /> 1987. Gor Mahia won the Africa Cup Winners<br /> Cup, while the national team finished second<br /> to Egypt during the All-Africa Games in Nairobi.<br /> Kenya also sent a team to the Africa Cup<br /> of Nations in 1990 and 1992. The country was<br /> once again at the Nations Cup in 2004.<br /> 1104</div> <div>Public Works and Housing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 646<br /> • Construction of Faza seawall and<br /> Ndau breakwaters<br /> Projects near completion are the<br /> rehabilitation of Kizingitini seawall<br /> and breakwaters and upgrading of<br /> trunk sewer at National Youth College,<br /> Mtongwe.<br /> Customer service<br /> The Ministry of Public Works<br /> ensures that designs for public<br /> buildings are available within three<br /> months from the date of request<br /> and submit bills of quantities for<br /> approval within three months from<br /> the date of design approval. It will<br /> also seek tenders within seven days<br /> from the date of approval of and issue<br /> final accounts within three months of<br /> completion of works.<br /> The ministry prepares interim payment<br /> certificates for building contractors<br /> within four weeks of application<br /> and pays for goods supplied and<br /> services rendered within 14 days of<br /> receipt of proper documents. It communicates<br /> the outcome of tenders to<br /> applicants within 21 days of the clos-</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 976<br /> Sarova Panafric<br /> It is four-star hotel in<br /> Nairobi, a five-minute<br /> drive from the city centre<br /> amid beautifully landscaped<br /> gardens. The has<br /> 153 rooms in a range of<br /> standard, superior, club<br /> and suites and 42 apartments<br /> decorated in a contemporary<br /> vibrant African<br /> style. Named in honour<br /> of the pan-African movement,<br /> Sarova Panafric was<br /> inaugurated by founding<br /> President Jomo Kenyatta<br /> on January 5, 1965. The<br /> Flame Tree Restaurant,<br /> once the watering hole<br /> for freedom fighters,<br /> spies and foreign correspondents,<br /> is a favourite.<br /> It offers banqueting and<br /> conference facilities with<br /> meeting and function<br /> rooms equipped with<br /> audio visual and WIFI<br /> equipment.<br /> www.sarovahotels.com/<br /> panafric<br /> Lake Bogoria was gazetted on November<br /> 20, 1973 as a national reserve. It is 10km<br /> north of the Equator and 285km north of Nairobi.<br /> It sits on the floor of the eastern wall of<br /> the Great Rift Valley at an altitude of 1,000m<br /> above sea level from which the escarpment<br /> forms one of Kenya’s most picturesque backdrops.<br /> It is 107km sq and most of the reserve is<br /> occupied by Lake Bogoria, a spectacular<br /> sight reflecting searing blue skies and the<br /> rose pink of flamingos. It is well known for its<br /> hot springs and geysers dotting the southern<br /> shore of the lake. In the steam jets, an egg can<br /> be boiled and cooked in seven minutes!<br /> Sulphur water gushes out of the ground<br /> and it is known to have therapeutic value. The<br /> hot springs are natural spas and steam baths.<br /> The hot spring water geysers are extremely<br /> hot — the gushing out water is at boiling point<br /> and visitors are forewarned to be careful.<br /> It is the home of Africa’s most magnificent<br /> antelope, the greater kudu, and a host<br /> of other savannah wildlife: Zebra, impala,<br /> Grant’s gazelle, Klipspringer, buffalo, dik diks<br /> and Patas monkey, among others. Predators<br /> include the leopard, cheetah, hyena, mongoose,<br /> jackal and Karakul cat.<br /> The reserve has 135 species of birds. Like<br /> Lake Nakuru, thousands of flamingoes,<br /> greater kudu, impala, buffalo, zebras, klipspringer<br /> and leopards attract visitors to the<br /> reserve. In the recent past, it has become the<br /> most stable home of the lesser flamingoes<br /> with a population approaching two million<br /> birds. This is in addition to more than 310<br /> resident and 50 migratory species of birds —<br /> 374 bird species have been recorded.<br /> Most animals are seen early in the morning<br /> or in late afternoon due to the hot weather<br /> conditions. It has a closed drainage system,</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 416<br /> The unit provides security to tourists<br /> outside protected areas — beaches,<br /> roads, streets, airports, bus stops,<br /> public parks, hotels, lodges, entertainment<br /> spots, museums, historical<br /> sites and market places.<br /> Since the unit was set up, tourists<br /> have more confidence about their<br /> safety. The officers wear a badge on<br /> the left hand side of the shirt and<br /> tourists are advised to approach<br /> them for guidance and information.<br /> Kenya Airports Police Unit<br /> The unit has three divisions: Nairobi<br /> Airport, Eldoret Airport and Moi<br /> Airport. It is supported by the Anti-<br /> Narcotics Police, Anti-Terrorism<br /> police and GSU.<br /> The unit is a special trained force<br /> to be used for civil aviation security<br /> with expert squads in handling<br /> hijackings, detection and disposal of<br /> bombs, searching aircraft, passengers<br /> and their baggage, investigating<br /> drugs and currency-related offences<br /> and aerodromes crimes<br /> Police officers were posted to<br /> Jomo Kenyatta International Airport<br /> to provide security to the airport,<br /> its facilities and aircraft. It also protects<br /> passengers and their property,</div> <div>Security and defence 11<br /> Security and defence are top on the<br /> Government’s agenda to ward off any threats, internal or<br /> external, that could threaten the nation and its political and<br /> socio-economic environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 401</div> <div>Water quality<br /> As of March 2010, the assessment<br /> of water quality<br /> in Kenya was based on two<br /> indicators. The first provides<br /> information on the percentage<br /> of drinking water quality<br /> tests carried out by Water<br /> Service Providers — on average<br /> 78 per cent of the water<br /> supplied for drinking was<br /> tested in 2006-2007. The<br /> second indicator measures<br /> the level of compliance with<br /> residual chlorine standards<br /> — the latest figure is about<br /> 88 per cent. A citizens’<br /> report in Nairobi, Mombasa<br /> and Kisumu in 2007<br /> provides information about<br /> customers’ perception of<br /> water quality. About 70 per<br /> cent of households using<br /> water said they found the<br /> taste and smell acceptable,<br /> and that the water was clear.<br /> But the majority treat water<br /> prior to consumption.<br /> a training section and then Water Development<br /> Staff Training School in 1974 when<br /> the Water Department became the Ministry<br /> of Water Development. In 1985, the school<br /> became the Kenya Water Institute (KEWI).<br /> The KEWI Act 2001 established the<br /> institute as a semi-autonomous institution<br /> serving the water sector. The Applied Water<br /> Department was incorporated into the institute<br /> in 2003. The college has 700 students<br /> enrolled in higher diploma, diploma and certificate<br /> courses. It also offers short courses.<br /> Water service boards<br /> Their responsibilities include holding or<br /> leasing and developing water assets, contracting<br /> water service providers (WSPs) as their<br /> main agents and preparing plans for service<br /> improvement, including expanding coverage<br /> and reviewing tariffs.<br /> WSPs include community groups, NGOs<br /> or private companies, including those set up<br /> by local authorities to provide water services.<br /> Eight water services boards were formed as<br /> part of the water sector reform programme.<br /> They are Lake Victoria South, Lake Victoria<br /> North, Athi, Tana, Tana-Athi, Coast, Northern<br /> and Rift Valley.<br /> Lake Victoria South Water Services Board<br /> It covers 23,000km2, comprising 18 districts<br /> in Nyanza and Rift Valley provinces: Kisumu,<br /> Kericho, Nandi North and Nandi South. Its<br /> main functions are own and hold water and<br /> sewerage assets on behalf of the Government,<br /> plan, develop and expand water and<br /> sewerage services, contract waste and sewerage<br /> services provision to WSPs and monitor<br /> water and sewerage services provision in its<br /> jurisdiction.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 535</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 80<br /> Some of the land is idle and thousands<br /> of people who live on it are<br /> squatters.<br /> At the same time, the Government<br /> hopes to establish public plots<br /> along the coast for recreation, and<br /> open up access roads to the beach.<br /> The construction of walls along the<br /> high water mark will be regulated.<br /> Land Reform Transformation Unit<br /> It will prepare the ground for the<br /> reforms in the implementation of<br /> the National Land Policy. The unit<br /> will oversee the establishment of<br /> organs that will drive reform in the<br /> ministry. The unit will design an<br /> effective vehicle for transformation.<br /> The Minister will have an oversight<br /> role over the unit and other functions<br /> that will drive land reform.<br /> The Steering Committee will be<br /> appointed by the Permanent Secretary.<br /> It will comprise people with<br /> knowledge of public sector reform,<br /> land policy, administration and<br /> management. The members of will<br /> be drawn from the public service,<br /> civil society, academia and private<br /> sector.<br /> Informal settlements<br /> The Government has grand plans<br /> for informal settlements and slums.<br /> Already, slum-upgrading projects in<br /> Nairobi and other towns are changing<br /> lives of the residents. They have<br /> access to clean water, electricity and<br /> have more space and thus a clean<br /> environment. In Kibera, Nairobi, the<br /> first phase of the slum-upgrading<br /> Dressing in Kenya<br /> From emblematic Maasai<br /> blankets to the Musliminfluenced<br /> dress at the<br /> Coast, clothing varies<br /> widely in Kenya. Though<br /> Western dress dominates,<br /> many women wear<br /> kangas, colourful clothes<br /> which are worn as shirts,<br /> shawls and headscarves.<br /> The Maasai have adhered<br /> to traditional clothing. The<br /> women wear kanga and<br /> bead necklaces. Turkana<br /> women wear yorfas, sheep<br /> or goatskins dyed red or<br /> black and necklaces. Men<br /> wear wraps as tunics.<br /> The Coast way of dress is<br /> Muslim-influenced. Some<br /> wear the joho (long robe)<br /> and kofia, a hat. Others<br /> dress in the kikoi, brightly<br /> coloured cloths. The public,<br /> Ministry of Culture and<br /> the Kenya Tourist Board<br /> maintain that a national<br /> dress is important for<br /> unity and public relations.<br /> www.ehow.com<br /> project is complete and hundreds of<br /> families have since moved to their<br /> new homes. This has paved way for<br /> the start of the phases that will benefit<br /> more city residents.<br /> To comprehensively deal with<br /> the matter, Government policy<br /> proposes an inventory of genuine<br /> squatters and residents of slums. It<br /> also calls for removal of those squatting<br /> on unsuitable land and resettling<br /> them elsewhere. In the policy,<br /> sale and transfer of land meant<br /> for squatters will be prohibited to<br /> safeguard the rights of the land-</div> <div>Great R. Valley Lodge<br /> It is set in the side of<br /> the Eburu Escarpment<br /> and offers a dramatic<br /> view of the pristine<br /> waters of Lake Naivasha<br /> and the rolling plains<br /> of the world’s largest<br /> valley. It is an hour’s<br /> drive from Nairobi and<br /> 30 minutes’ flight to its<br /> all-weather airstrip. The<br /> vistas stretch from the<br /> shimmering waters of<br /> the lake to the jagged<br /> Mt Longonot and the<br /> sloping shoulders of the<br /> Aberdares Ranges. The<br /> lodge has the most stunning<br /> golf course. Also<br /> offered are walking and<br /> horse riding safaris in<br /> the lush forests of Eburu<br /> or trips to the ancient<br /> volcanic lakes.<br /> www.eastafrica.co.za/<br /> Kenya Hotels & Resorts<br /> Sokoke scops owl, Amani sunbird<br /> and spotted ground thrush can only<br /> be found in the park.<br /> Access by roads is through Mombasa,<br /> 75km on tarmac road. Visitors<br /> who want to fly can use Malindi and<br /> Mombasa airports. At present, the<br /> park does not operate on smart card<br /> system and entry is by cash only.<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> Chyulu Hills National Park<br /> The 741sq km park is Kibwezi in<br /> the larger Machakos District. The<br /> Chyulu Hills coil a sleeping dragon<br /> on the lion-gold plains. The pink<br /> peak of Mount Kilimanjaro rises<br /> to the west and all round stretches<br /> miles of Maasailand — dusty, dry<br /> and stalked by cloaked herders and<br /> dust-plumed cattle. It was opened in<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 983</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> Kenya Vision 2030<br /> The blueprint has a medium term<br /> goal of attaining 4 per cent forest<br /> cover by 2012. Reclaiming the Mau<br /> Forest, among other water towers, is<br /> part of the effort. Mau is no ordinary<br /> water catchment area. Covering<br /> 320,000 hectares, it is the largest<br /> single indigenous forest in Kenya.<br /> Eight major rivers and five major<br /> lakes owe their existence to it.<br /> Its conservation began in October<br /> 2009 when the Government repossessed<br /> 2,430 hectares of grabbed<br /> land. A team, the Interim Coordinating<br /> Secretariat in the Office of<br /> the Prime Minister, will oversee the<br /> reclamation of Mau Forest. The secretariat<br /> is mandated to set up a programme<br /> for ministries involved in<br /> the reclamation of the water towers.<br /> The 12-man team’s terms of reference<br /> are to coordinate the implementation<br /> of the short-term recommendations<br /> made by the taskforce<br /> to restore the Mau Forest Complex<br /> and to develop the framework for<br /> long-term measures to restore and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 552<br /> Completed projects<br /> District<br /> Name<br /> Pan (P) Dam (D)<br /> Works Volumem3 Amount (Sh)<br /> Kajiado Iseuri(P) New 16,000 2,486,000<br /> Kisua(P) New 10,000 2,910,000<br /> Makueni Kinguutheni (D) Expansion 15,000 2,519,900<br /> Kalimani (P) Desilting 10,000 1,300,000<br /> Ngomano (D) New 15,000 3,342,000<br /> Nzembete (D) New 15,000 3,183,000<br /> Musukini (D) New 15,000 3,009,000<br /> Mutyambua (P) New 15,000 2,074,500<br /> Kilombo (D) Desilting 15,000 2,354,300<br /> Mikoini (D) New 25,000 2,528,000<br /> Kwa Nzilu (D) New 15,000 2,200,000<br /> Machakos Ithaeni (P) New 15,000 2,488,000<br /> Syuuni Makilu (D) New 15,000 4,039,000<br /> Ngangani (D) Desilting 15,000 2,609,000<br /> Kolooso/Nthunguni (D) New 15,000 3,200,000<br /> Kwa Nthenge (D) New 15,000 2,611,000<br /> Katangi (P) New 15,000 2,034,000<br /> Kyangui (P) New 15,000 3,916,500<br /> Kwa mita (P) New 15,000 2,134,000<br /> Nzaini (D) New 15,000 3,353,300</div> <div>Mangu School<br /> In 1939, the school<br /> was moved from Kabaa,<br /> Machakos, to a new site at<br /> Mang’u village on 22 acres<br /> of land. But when aviation<br /> was introduced, there was<br /> need to create room for<br /> the programme. The school<br /> acquired 214 acres and<br /> in 1972, it moved to its<br /> current site. According to<br /> Ken Thompson who taught<br /> English at the school,<br /> ‘mang’u”’is a Maasai word<br /> meaning ‘that’s not me<br /> you smell’. Thompson said:<br /> “When the Maasai hunted<br /> lions, they would shout<br /> ‘mang’u to inform fellow<br /> hunters of the situation.<br /> The school is also known as<br /> ‘Dayton’ because of its link<br /> with University of Dayton<br /> in the US. Mang’u boasts<br /> of a high profile alumni,<br /> including President Kibaki,<br /> John Michuki and Ndingi<br /> Mwana’ Nzeki.<br /> www.manguhigh.com<br /> Kenya Institute of Special Education (KISE)<br /> It was set up in 1986 to conduct courses for<br /> teachers for children with special needs. It<br /> offers a two-year pre-service diploma course<br /> in special education. The institute also offers<br /> short in-service courses for field staff in<br /> special education. KISE has been running<br /> a model training unit for the integration of<br /> handicapped children into regular schools.<br /> It has a resource centre for the production<br /> and dissemination of information on disabilities.<br /> Another centre maintains, repairs,<br /> designs, produces and assembles special<br /> education materials and equipment.<br /> National Council for Science and Technology<br /> (See chapter on Science and Research)<br /> Kenya National Commission for UNESCO<br /> It was set up in 1964. The mission of the<br /> Commission is to promote peace by working<br /> for the advancement of education, science,<br /> culture, information and communications<br /> in Kenya. It liaises between UNESCO and<br /> Kenya and advises the Government on matters<br /> relating to the UN agency’s activities.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 369</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1134<br /> ous social halls and even organised<br /> Inter-Social Halls tournament which<br /> brought together boxers from allover<br /> the city.<br /> At the recent Commonwealth<br /> Games in Delhi, India, Kenya did<br /> not shine as it used to. Boxing standards<br /> have dropped progressively<br /> since the 1982 Commonwealth<br /> Games in Brisbane, Australia. Then,<br /> Kenya clinched three gold medals,<br /> silver and a bronze to retain the<br /> overall boxing crown they had won<br /> in the previous games in Edmonton,<br /> Canada.<br /> The gold medallists in Brisbane<br /> were light-flyweight Bilali, flyweight<br /> Michael ‘Spinks’ Mutua and Hussein<br /> ‘Juba’ Khalili. Light-welterweight<br /> Charles Owiso got silver, while<br /> heavyweight Mohammed Abdalla<br /> Kent settled for bronze.<br /> Kenya had lifted their maiden<br /> title four years earlier in Edmonton<br /> with seven medals through gold<br /> medallists Muchoki (light flyweight)<br /> and his younger brother, flyweight<br /> Michael ‘Stone’ Irungu.<br /> Lightweight Patrick ‘Mont’<br /> Waweru, who was the team coach<br /> during the recent Delhi games,<br /> won a silver medal, as did lightmiddleweight<br /> Abdurahman Athuman.<br /> The bronze medallists were<br /> bantamweight Douglas Maina, lightwelterweight<br /> Michael Mwangi and<br /> light-heavyweight Edward Thande.<br /> Hockey<br /> The home venue of the team is the<br /> City Park Hockey Stadium, Nairobi.<br /> It was built in 1950 and the opening<br /> ceremony was presided over by the<br /> Mayor of Nairobi, NF Harris.<br /> Kenya’s best result in the Hockey<br /> World Cup was a fourth place in<br /> 1971. In the 1980s, Kenya was<br /> ranked among the world’s best<br /> hockey teams. It regularly represented<br /> the country in prestigious<br /> tournaments such as the World<br /> Championships, Indira Gandhi Cup<br /> and the Olympics.<br /> Among the stalwarts in the team<br /> were Peter Akatsa, Chris Otambo,<br /> Simi Goyal, Paul Omany, Lucas<br /> Alubaha and Mike Omondi. Then,<br /> Kenya was ranked among the top<br /> five nations in the world. This is<br /> no longer the case, but the Kenya<br /> Hockey Union is rebuilding the<br /> game so that it does not just recreate<br /> the golden era, but also surpass it.<br /> The history of the game in the<br /> country goes back many decades.<br /> When South African hockey teams<br /> and the Indian national team visited<br /> Kenya in 1937, it became clear that<br /> a central governing body was necessary<br /> to take charge of the game.<br /> A constitution was approved in<br /> 1949 at the old YMCA premises. The<br /> Governor of Kenya, Philip Mitchell,<br /> was appointed patron, Godfrey<br /> Rhodes secretary and GN Shah treasurer.<br /> A public appeal was launched<br /> to enrol foundation and life members.<br /> More than 100 men responded<br /> and paid Sh200 ($2.5 at current<br /> rates) each. Five paid a Sh1,000<br /> ($12.5) subscription fee.<br /> The East African Hockey Asso-</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> introduction of a more liberal<br /> trading environment has also<br /> provided a major boost to the<br /> country’s horticultural prospects.<br /> The tremendous performance of the<br /> horticulture sub-sector presents an<br /> ideal opportunity for investors.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 312<br /> Horticultural Crops<br /> Development Authority<br /> It is a Government parastatal that<br /> develops and regulates the industry.<br /> Its mandate is to facilitate the<br /> development, promotion, coordination<br /> and regulation of the horticulture<br /> industry, offer technical<br /> and advisory services and organise<br /> smallholders into production and<br /> marketing groups through contract<br /> farming.<br /> Its other roles are to educate and<br /> train growers on production, record<br /> keeping, harvesting and post-harvest<br /> handling ,especially for smallholders,<br /> encourage commercial<br /> farming and collaborate with other<br /> players on Maximum Residue Levels,<br /> EU regulations, sanitary requirements<br /> and the Code of Practice.<br /> The Authority works with<br /> research and training institutions<br /> to generate new technologies and<br /> develop curriculum, initiate farm<br /> certification and accreditation programmes<br /> and promote local use<br /> and consumption of horticultural<br /> products.<br /> HCDA also offers marketing advisory<br /> services. It registers and monitors<br /> exporters, ship-handlers and<br /> processors, monitors market prices<br /> for export and local produce amd<br /> arries out market intelligence in the<br /> local and export market, among<br /> other roles.<br /> Floriculture<br /> Kenya is the largest supplier of cut<br /> flowers to the European Union.<br /> In Africa, it is one of the most<br /> prominent fresh flower exporting<br /> countries. Floriculture is the most<br /> developed sector and accounts for<br /> about 40 per cent of all horticultural<br /> exports. It is dominant around Lake<br /> Naivasha and in Kinangop, Nakuru,<br /> Limuru, Athi River, Thika, Kiambu<br /> and Eldoret.<br /> The soil around Lake Naivasha<br /> has good drainage as is sandy.<br /> Kinangop, Limuru and Eldoret are</div> <div>2 Battery, then under 66 Artillery Battalion in<br /> Gilgil, was integrated into the Kenya Air Force<br /> Ground Defence Unit (GADU) in September<br /> 1978. 75 Artillery Battalion was formed in<br /> 1982 after GADU was disbanded following<br /> the attempted coup. Apart from the Tiger Cat<br /> Squadron and a few personnel, all GADU elements<br /> and equipment were transferred to the<br /> Kenya Army.<br /> 77 Artillery Battalion<br /> It moved from Gilgil to Nyali Barracks in Mombasa<br /> in 1979 after the formation of 5 Battery.<br /> The battalion was then shifted to its present<br /> base in Mariakani Barracks. 15 KR now occupies<br /> Nyali Barracks. The idea of a second field<br /> artillery unit was conceived in 1977, hence the<br /> name of the unit. The acquisition of personnel<br /> and equipment for the new unit was done<br /> between 1977 and 1979. Following this, two<br /> new Batteries, 6 and 7, were formed in 1981.<br /> Navy chiefs<br /> Commander EMC Walker<br /> 1964-1967<br /> Commander A A Pearse<br /> 1967-1969<br /> Commander WAE Hall<br /> 1969-1972<br /> Lt-Colonel J Kimaro<br /> 1972-1978.<br /> Maj-Gen ES Mbilu<br /> 1978-1988<br /> Maj-Gen Joseph Kibwana<br /> 1988-1998<br /> Maj-Gen A Rafrouf<br /> 1998-2002<br /> Maj-Gen PO Awitta<br /> 2002-2006<br /> Maj-Gen Mwathethe<br /> (current)<br /> www.mod.go.ke/Navysite<br /> School of Artillery<br /> It traces its origin to 1966 soon after the formation<br /> of the first Artillery battery, the 1 st Mortar<br /> Battery. It was then known as the Gunnery<br /> Wing of the Mortar Battery. Members of the<br /> Royal Artillery, who were part of BATTKEN,<br /> were instrumental in the formation of this<br /> wing. The school became an independent unit<br /> directly under the command of Headquarters<br /> Artillery Brigade, but was together with 66 Artillery<br /> Battalion in Gilgil.<br /> The school then moved to Larisoro near<br /> Archer’s Post in Isiolo between March and<br /> December 1983. It later shifted to a ranch in<br /> Kula Mawe in 1984 and later the same year, the<br /> school moved to a site next to 78 Tank Battalion.<br /> It finally moved to its current base in Kampi ya<br /> Chumvi on the Isiolo-Archer’s Post road in September<br /> 1985.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 433</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 498<br /> Marine environment<br /> Kenya has a 536km<br /> coastline along the<br /> Indian Ocean, which<br /> is home to more than<br /> 11,000 species of plants<br /> and animals. Collection<br /> of corals and molluscs<br /> is not allowed, but<br /> fishing with specified<br /> traditional gear, traps,<br /> hooks and line, and 2.5-<br /> inch mesh nets is. The<br /> designation of marine<br /> parks as protected areas<br /> is a clear pointer to<br /> Kenya’s commitment to<br /> protect delicate coastal<br /> resources, not just for<br /> tourism, but also as an<br /> international obligation.<br /> Marine parks and<br /> reserves are also protected<br /> from consumptive<br /> use.<br /> www.maritimeauthority.co.ke<br /> Water<br /> Kenya has several water ecosystems, the<br /> most important being fresh water ones,<br /> which are crucial for domestic, agricultural,<br /> recreational and industrial use. Kenya’s key<br /> law on water is the Water Act 2002, through<br /> which the Government aims to manage key<br /> resources.<br /> The Water Act seeks to ensure that water<br /> resources are sustainably managed and there<br /> are adequate water and sewer systems for all.<br /> Kenya has 20.2 cubic km of renewable water,<br /> — 76 per cent of it is used for farming, and<br /> 4 per cent for industrial purposes. In 2006,<br /> the Government enacted the Environmental<br /> Management and Coordination (Water Quality)<br /> Regulations to control pollution and conserve<br /> water (See also Chapter on Water).<br /> Marine environment<br /> Kenya’s Indian Ocean coastline is 536km<br /> long coastline composed of coral reef parallel<br /> to the coast.<br /> The main characteristics of the coastline<br /> are sandy beaches and mudflats, mangrove<br /> forests, sea grass bed, coral reefs and open<br /> water. The Lamu archipelago, Mombasa<br /> Creek, Wasini and other coral reefs are<br /> notable features of the coastline. These form<br /> a mosaic supporting rich and complex populations<br /> of marine species.<br /> Kenya’s coastline is home to more than<br /> 11,000 species of plants and animals. The<br /> main social and economic activities of the<br /> coastal area include tourism (5 per cent),<br /> ports and shipping (15 per cent), nonagricultural<br /> industry (8 per cent), fisheries<br /> (6 per cent), agriculture (5 per cent), forestry<br /> (4 per cent) and mining (2 per cent). Fisheries,<br /> ports and shipping and tourism employ<br /> hundreds of thousands of coastal residents</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 364<br /> wide. Currently, it has a library in<br /> every provincial headquarters and<br /> other major towns.<br /> KNLS has libraries in Embu, Eldoret,<br /> Garissa, Kakamega, Kericho,<br /> Kisii, Kisumu, Mombasa, Nakuru,<br /> Nyeri, Nairobi and Thika. KNLS has<br /> a stock of about one million books.<br /> Kenya National Archives Library<br /> It has more than 40,000 items comprising<br /> documents in public administration,<br /> social studies, history and<br /> library science.<br /> The library is also the legal depository<br /> for materials printed in Kenya.<br /> It has more than 20,000 classified<br /> collections of dissertations, research<br /> reports, maps, microfilm of Government<br /> files, reels of tape derived from<br /> interviews on Kenya’s traditions.<br /> University of Nairobi Library<br /> The University of Nairobi has the<br /> largest collection of academic books<br /> in the country.<br /> Its Jomo Kenyatta Memorial<br /> Library has more than 350,000<br /> items that include special collection<br /> of theses and dissertations, maps,<br /> aerial photographs and unpublished<br /> reports.<br /> The Institute of Development<br /> Studies library is a depository of all<br /> papers produced by researchers<br /> and fellows and affiliated research<br /> institutions. Chiromo Campus<br /> Library has more than 70,000 books<br /> and 13,000 periodicals, most of<br /> them in sciences.<br /> The Medical School Library has<br /> more than 30,000 books and a wide<br /> range of periodicals. The university’s<br /> law collection centre has more than<br /> 15,000 volumes.<br /> Other public and private universities<br /> also have well-stocked libraries.<br /> American Cultural Centre Library<br /> The library is estimated to have<br /> about 15,000 books in a wide range<br /> of subjects that include economics,<br /> literature, social sciences, ecology<br /> and environmental studies.<br /> Other reading materials are on<br /> public administration and information<br /> sciences.<br /> The library has a regular supply of<br /> international and local newspapers<br /> and magazines.<br /> National Museums of Kenya Library<br /> It is estimated to have a collection of<br /> between 15,000 and 20,000 books<br /> and more than 60,000 reprints of<br /> East African Natural History. It has<br /> stocks of unpublished reports, theses<br /> and dissertations, most of them<br /> kept in archives.<br /> Kenya Broadcasting Corporation<br /> Library<br /> This library is known for its rare collection<br /> in old recordings and sound<br /> archives. It has a large collection of<br /> films and video recordings. Other<br /> media houses — the Nation Media<br /> Group and the Standard Group —<br /> have print and electronic libraries.<br /> Kenya Scientific Information and<br /> Documentation Centre<br /> It is the official depository for theses</div> <div>urban areas. Fifty-two per cent of the magazine’s<br /> readership is female and 48 per cent<br /> male; 68 per cent have secondary school<br /> education; 66 percent are in rural areas and<br /> 34 per cent in towns.<br /> Twenty per cent of the magazine sales are<br /> through supermarkets, 30 per cent through<br /> agents, another 30 per cent vendors, 10 per<br /> cent from subscriptions and 10 percent<br /> through salons and other outlets such as<br /> beauty parlours, cyber cafés, bookshops,<br /> estate agents and shopping malls.<br /> Parents has the largest share of Kenya’s<br /> magazine market at more than 60 per<br /> cent. With changing trends, the market has<br /> become more fragmented with the entry of<br /> various media channels. But the magazine is<br /> very competitive and provides content that is<br /> not available on TV, radio and newspapers.<br /> Department of Information<br /> It is one of the oldest departments in Government,<br /> having been established in 1954<br /> for propaganda needs of the British colonial<br /> administration. Its predecessor was the<br /> Kenya Information Services. The department<br /> is under the Ministry of Information and<br /> Communications and has five sections:<br /> Mobile Cinema Unit, Kenya News Agency<br /> and Photography, Public Communication<br /> and Accreditation, Rural Press and Publications<br /> and Central Media Services<br /> Its mandate is to give information to citizens<br /> so that they can make informed decisions,<br /> gather and disseminate information for<br /> national development. Its core functions are<br /> to gather and disseminate news, publish rural<br /> newspapers and other publications, accredit<br /> the Press, screen mobile cinema and video<br /> shows and research, document and archive<br /> information.<br /> Kenya News Agency<br /> At independence, the<br /> role played by the<br /> information services<br /> during the struggle<br /> against colonialism<br /> in Kenya justified the<br /> creation of a domestic<br /> news agency to promote<br /> national unity, peace and<br /> development. Kenya’s<br /> founding fathers invited<br /> advisors from Ghana<br /> and the then Czechoslovakia<br /> to help start<br /> the Kenya News Agency<br /> (KNA). Established on<br /> December 5, 1963 it<br /> has grown into the most<br /> vibrant news agency<br /> in the region. It has 24<br /> bureaus and more than<br /> 100 provincial, district<br /> and sub-district information<br /> offices.<br /> No news organisation<br /> in East Africa has this<br /> formidable grassroots<br /> representation. At the<br /> provincial level, KNA is<br /> headed by Provincial<br /> Information Officers.<br /> The majority of staff<br /> are in the information<br /> officer cadre. It collects<br /> and transmits news and<br /> features to subscribers.<br /> KNA handles news and<br /> features of diverse<br /> topics, including political,<br /> social, economic<br /> and cultural stories.<br /> www.kenyanewsagency.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 265</div> <div>Roads and transport<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 568</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 202<br /> History of the NSE<br /> In 1951, estate agent Francis<br /> Drummond started the<br /> first stockbroking firm. He<br /> proposed to then Finance<br /> Minister Ernest Vasey the<br /> idea of a stock exchange in<br /> East Africa. In 1953, they approached<br /> the London Stock<br /> Exchange and were allowed<br /> to set up the NSE. In 1954,<br /> NSE was formed as an association<br /> of stockbrokers. The<br /> first privatisation through<br /> the NSE was the sale of a 20<br /> per cent Government stake<br /> in KCB in 1988. In 1994, the<br /> NSE moved to more spacious<br /> premises at the Nation Centre.<br /> In 1996, the privatisation<br /> of Kenya Airways came to<br /> the market. In 2006, live<br /> trading on the automated<br /> trading systems started.<br /> www.nse.co.ke<br /> first five years of the Kibaki administration,<br /> bank expansion has since crossed borders<br /> to Tanzania, Rwanda, Southern Sudan and<br /> Uganda. Local banks such as Equity, KCB and<br /> Cooperative are present in the region.<br /> A significant development in banking has<br /> been the licensing of two Sharia-compliant<br /> commercial banks. First Community and<br /> Gulf African were licensed in 2007. Consequently,<br /> the sector had 45 institutions — 43<br /> commercial banks, two mortgage finance<br /> companies and no non-bank financial institution<br /> (NBFI) — by the end of 2008. Of the 45,<br /> 33 were local and 12 foreign-owned.<br /> In 2009, the banks’ total assets were worth<br /> Sh1.37 trillion ($17.1 billion). Profit before tax<br /> was a whopping Sh48.7 billion ($608.7 million).<br /> The Kenya Commercial Bank is the biggest<br /> in Kenya, with assets worth Sh191 billion<br /> ($2.38 billion) in 2008. At the Nairobi Stock<br /> Exchange, banks and their holding companies<br /> are worth Sh270 billion ($3.375 billion).<br /> Other major banks are Barclays, Equity,<br /> Standard Chartered, Cooperative, National<br /> and Family. The latest foreign bank to pitch<br /> tent in Kenya is Nigeria’s United Bank of<br /> Africa. Banks have 8.66 million accounts, up<br /> from 2.6 million in 2005.<br /> Bank reforms<br /> Key changes include the operationalisation of<br /> the 2006 Finance Act. Banks were allowed to<br /> share information on non-performing assets.<br /> On its part, the Central Bank was allowed to<br /> vet and assess integrity/propriety of key bank<br /> shareholders<br /> The Banking Act (Amendments) 2006<br /> transferred the role of vetting shareholders<br /> holding more than five per cent of the share<br /> capital from the Finance Minister to the Central<br /> Bank.</div> <div>River water research<br /> Research to determine river<br /> water fluoride levels on 60<br /> river water samples was done<br /> in 2002. Samples were collected<br /> in Central and Nairobi<br /> provinces. The highest fluoride<br /> concentration was 0.85<br /> ppm in Laikipia and the lowest<br /> 0.08 ppm in Murang’a. The<br /> mean fluoride concentration<br /> ranged from 0.12 ppm for rivers<br /> in Laikipia to 0.24 ppm in<br /> Nairobi, with 0.32 ppm in the<br /> Upper Basin of the Athi River.<br /> The results indicate that rivers<br /> are relatively low in fluoride<br /> and the water is, therefore,<br /> safe for domestic and industrial<br /> use. The research was<br /> conducted by JK Gikunju, KW<br /> Simiyu, PB Gathura, M Kyule<br /> and LW Kanja.<br /> www.fluoride-journal.com<br /> Monitors, assesses and evaluates relevant<br /> information on HIV/Aids programmes<br /> Its objectives are to:<br /> • Establish a centre of excellence to create<br /> a research-friendly environment where<br /> financial, intellectual and other resources<br /> are available to local and expatriate<br /> Kenyan professionals<br /> • To generate, collect and collate data on<br /> advances, risks and obstacles to therapies<br /> in virology and immunology<br /> • To enhance training and capacity building<br /> on anti-HIV/Aids therapies<br /> The brains behind KAWI are Dr Sob-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 915</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 424<br /> Top spy agencies<br /> India’s intelligence<br /> agency, Research and<br /> Analysis Wing, main focus<br /> is Pakistan. It employs<br /> more than 8,000 agents.<br /> The US intelligence has<br /> 16 agencies. The most<br /> known are CIA and FBI.<br /> The Canadian Security<br /> Intelligence Service<br /> gathers data locally. The<br /> Institute for Intelligence<br /> and Special Tasks —<br /> Mossad — is Israel’s intelligence<br /> agency. Its main<br /> focus is the Middle East.<br /> It has about 1,000 agents.<br /> The Federal Intelligence<br /> Service of Germany<br /> has agents in over 100<br /> countries. The Pakistani<br /> Directorate for Inter-<br /> Services Intelligence has<br /> interests in Afghanistan<br /> and India. The French<br /> General Directorate gathers<br /> intelligence in military<br /> and strategic matters.<br /> It employs over 5,000<br /> people. Russia’s Main<br /> Intelligence Administration<br /> gathers local and foreign<br /> military intelligence. The<br /> Secret Intelligence Service<br /> of the UK, MI6, gathers<br /> data on terrorism, weapons<br /> of mass destruction<br /> and crimes that could<br /> impact on Europe. China’s<br /> intelligence agency, the<br /> Ministry of State Security,<br /> gathers data on enemies<br /> of the socialist government.<br /> It has primary<br /> interest in the US and has<br /> many agents in the Silicon<br /> Valley, California.<br /> www.dirjournal.com<br /> Training College in Nairobi. It trains soldiers<br /> from Kenya and other regions in readiness for<br /> UN peacekeeping duties.<br /> Athletics<br /> Kenya’s military has produced some of the<br /> world’s best-known athletes. Famed distance<br /> runners, including marathoner Paul Tergat,<br /> and long distance world champions Henry<br /> Rono and John Ngugi, began their careers in<br /> the Armed Forces. The athletes have won<br /> many accolades at local, regional, continental,<br /> Commonwealth and world championships<br /> as well as the Olympics. Kenya’s military<br /> reflects the rich cultural mix of the nation and<br /> all ethnic groups are represented.<br /> Civil duty<br /> The Government has often called upon<br /> the Armed Forces to help during disasters<br /> such as floods, collapsed buildings, terrorist<br /> attacks, fire and to supplement civilian efforts<br /> in the provision of water and medical care.<br /> In addition, they have also been deployed in<br /> the construction of public works, including<br /> bridges and schools.<br /> Military support includes helping the<br /> police to deal with riots and other civil<br /> disturbances, guarding key points, helping<br /> maintain essential supplies and services and<br /> to relief efforts during natural disasters. In this<br /> role, the military operates under local law and<br /> international legal provisions on the protection<br /> of human rights. The military is expected<br /> to observe the law on the use of force, powers<br /> of arrest and search as well as liability for<br /> wrongful acts.<br /> Defence structure<br /> Chief of General Staff. He is the top soldier in<br /> the Kenya Armed Forces and the only four-</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 54<br /> the British colonial government.<br /> This period marked the beginning<br /> of the three-tier education system<br /> in Kenya — racially segregated<br /> schools for Europeans (whites),<br /> Asians, and Africans. It was also the<br /> start of a venture between the colonial<br /> government and missionaries.<br /> After independence, the three-tier<br /> system developed into three types<br /> of schools: Government, private or<br /> missionary, and harambee (a grassroot<br /> movement of self-help schools).<br /> Government schools, formerly<br /> reserved for whites, and the private<br /> schools were the best equipped.<br /> The missionary schools continued<br /> to exist although some<br /> were converted into Government<br /> schools. The quality of harambee<br /> schools, which were geared towards<br /> increasing education for Africans,<br /> depended on the economy of the<br /> location.<br /> Islam<br /> Islam is the second widely practised<br /> religion and the followers include<br /> the Sunni, Shi’a and Islamia. Muslims<br /> are about 10 per cent of the<br /> population.<br /> Although Islam has spread<br /> throughout Kenya, the largest<br /> number of Muslims is found in the<br /> coastal region and North-Eastern<br /> Province.<br /> Other parts of the country also<br /> have sizeable number of Muslims.<br /> Kadhi’s courts have legal jurisdiction<br /> over personal law for the Muslims —<br /> marriage, divorce and inheritance.<br /> Education<br /> The education system offers eight<br /> years of primary education, four<br /> years of secondary school and four<br /> years of university education. The<br /> language of instruction from secondary<br /> school onwards is English.<br /> In lower primary in rural primary<br /> schools, vernacular dominant in a<br /> region is the language of instruction.<br /> Kenya has close to 25,000 primary<br /> schools, 6,000 high schools,<br /> 21 teacher training colleges, two<br /> diploma teacher training colleges,<br /> 66 technical training institutes and<br /> colleges of technology, four national<br /> polytechnics and seven public<br /> universities. It has many private<br /> institutions of higher learning. (See<br /> chapter on Education)<br /> Physical features<br /> The country is divided into four<br /> distinct geographical and ecological<br /> zones. To the east, the coastal plain<br /> borders the Indian Ocean. This is<br /> followed by the low plateau that<br /> makes up Eastern and North-<br /> Eastern provinces. The highlands<br /> have Mt Kenya and adjoining areas,<br /> which are in Central Province.<br /> The Lake Victoria Basin is a<br /> bowl-shaped region in the west that<br /> borders Uganda and comprises<br /> Western and Nyanza provinces.<br /> Physical features in Kenya range<br /> from desert-like conditions,<br /> snow-capped mountains, sandy<br /> coastlines, freshwater lakes,<br /> savannah grasslands and fertile<br /> agricultural plantations to extinct</div> <div>Wood, charcoal use<br /> Wood fuel is the main<br /> source of energy for the<br /> rural and urban poor.<br /> Ninety per cent of rural<br /> population and 10 per<br /> cent of urban use firewood<br /> to cook and heat.<br /> Kenyans use 2.4 million<br /> tonnes a year.<br /> Nationally, wood fuel<br /> accounts for 68 per<br /> cent of primary energy<br /> consumption followed<br /> by petroleum at 22 per<br /> cent, electricity at 9 per<br /> cent and others at 1<br /> per cent.<br /> www.epzakenya.com<br /> Energy resources<br /> There are three main sources of<br /> energy: Wood fuel, petroleum and<br /> electricity, accounting for 68 per<br /> cent, 21 per cent and nine per cent<br /> of energy. Renewable energy has<br /> become significant.<br /> Wood<br /> While wood fuel is the main source<br /> of energy for rural and poor urban<br /> households, electricity and petroleum<br /> products supply a large fraction<br /> of commercial energy needs.<br /> Regardless of socio-economic<br /> status, rural households use wood<br /> or high quality crop residues (like<br /> maize cobs) for cooking. Close to<br /> 90 per cent of the rural population<br /> depends on firewood for cooking<br /> and heating, and in urban areas<br /> about 10 per cent. Firewood is<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 669</div> <div>Oral Tradition and History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 104<br /> telling, songs, rituals, daily life.<br /> Recording (audio and video)<br /> rituals and dances is also a valuable<br /> means of preserving cultural activities<br /> and expressions and offers an<br /> alternative means of passing them<br /> on to future generations. Indigenous<br /> knowledge is rooted in and transmitted<br /> through oral tradition. When<br /> recording oral traditions, the cultural<br /> knowledge in stories and songs<br /> is also recorded.<br /> In societies where the loss of<br /> indigenous knowledge is imminent,<br /> recordings can help to maintain<br /> knowledge that has been collected<br /> through generations.<br /> Oral traditions are threatened by<br /> modern life — rapid urbanisation,<br /> migration to multi-cultural urban<br /> centres, industrialisation and environmental<br /> change. Oral traditions<br /> take place during leisure moments,<br /> but leisure time is increasingly being<br /> replaced by other forms of entertainment<br /> offered by the media —<br /> television and radio, and thus there<br /> are fewer opportunities for oral<br /> expressions.<br /> Poems that were once performed<br /> for days rarely get a chance in modern<br /> life and if any in rural areas, the<br /> hours are few. Courting songs, that<br /> were once a prerequisite for marriage,<br /> have been replaced by hiphop<br /> or digital music. The extended<br /> family system has been broken as<br /> a result of socio-economic strain in<br /> which the custodians of oral traditions<br /> have been replaced by the television,<br /> which babysits children.<br /> Methodology<br /> Oral history preservation deals with<br /> the care and upkeep of materials in<br /> whatever format. (See Wikipedia.<br /> org/Oral history preservation). It is<br /> a method of historical documentation,<br /> using interviews with living<br /> survivors of the time under investigation.<br /> It often touches on topics<br /> scarcely touched on by written<br /> documents, and by doing so, fills in<br /> the gaps of records that make up<br /> early historical documents.<br /> LSB Leakey used this method<br /> effectively when he studied and<br /> collected information about the<br /> Agikuyu people in the 1930s. The<br /> product of the research, The Southern<br /> Kikuyu before 1903, is in three<br /> massive volumes. It is a study that<br /> has not been matched in the study<br /> of the community or any other in<br /> Kenya.<br /> The earliest method of collecting<br /> oral history was through memory.<br /> With the loss of elders who preserved<br /> and passed along the histories,<br /> cultural memories began to<br /> vanish. With the advent of the written<br /> word, it became possible for cultures<br /> to preserve their history without<br /> the memory of a select few. The<br /> spoken word was transcribed, and<br /> eyewitness accounts were saved for<br /> future generations to study.<br /> This method of historical preservation<br /> was augmented with the<br /> invention of different methods to<br /> record sound. The spoken word can<br /> now be recorded on audio or video<br /> tape, or through newer digital meth-</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 322<br /> BAT: A century in<br /> cigarette business<br /> British American Tobacco<br /> has been in business<br /> for more than 100<br /> years, trading through<br /> the turbulence of wars,<br /> revolutions and nationalisations<br /> as well as the<br /> controversy surrounding<br /> smoking.<br /> The business was<br /> formed in 1902 as a<br /> joint venture between<br /> the UK’s Imperial<br /> Tobacco Company and<br /> the American Tobacco<br /> Company founded by<br /> James ‘Buck’ Duke.<br /> Despite its name,<br /> derived from the home<br /> bases of its two founding<br /> companies, British<br /> American Tobacco was<br /> established to trade<br /> outside the UK and US,<br /> and grew from its roots<br /> in dozens of countries<br /> across Africa, Asia, Latin<br /> America and continental<br /> Europe. It came to Kenya<br /> in 1907.<br /> Other tobacco buying<br /> companies in Kenya are<br /> Mastermind Kenya and<br /> Alliance One. Among<br /> them, intense competition<br /> has developed.<br /> www.bat.com<br /> exotic), 27 million goats, 17 million sheep,<br /> 2.9 million camels and 335,000 pigs. White<br /> meat, which includes poultry and pig meat,<br /> accounts for about 20 per cent of the meat<br /> consumed in the country. Two main players<br /> are key in poultry and pork production —<br /> Kenchic and Farmers Choice.<br /> The contribution of game meat is negligible,<br /> accounting for less than one per cent<br /> of the meat consumed. At present, Kenya<br /> restricts marketing and export of game meat<br /> due to fears that legalising it could stimulate<br /> demand for illegal bush meat and poaching.<br /> However, there are a few licensed dealers in<br /> game meat, especially hotels and restaurants.<br /> Kenya’s main export markets for meat<br /> products include United Arab Emirates, Tanzania<br /> and Uganda, while the main markets<br /> for hides and skins are Germany, United<br /> Kingdom, Netherlands and Italy.<br /> Meat production<br /> About 90 per cent of beef cattle is in the<br /> hands of subsistence farmers and pastoralists.<br /> Today, the population of beef and dairy<br /> cattle is about 15 million with large-scale<br /> livestock farmers keeping animals for commercial<br /> and subsistence purposes. The distribution<br /> of beef cattle is influenced by rainfall<br /> patterns. Most animals are kept in ranches in<br /> the Rift Valley Province, especially in Nakuru,<br /> Trans Nzoia and Kajiado.<br /> Red meat production in Kenya is estimated<br /> at 390,000 metric tonnes with the bulk of the<br /> supply coming from ASAL areas. According<br /> to information from Minstry of Livestock<br /> Development, annual meat production is<br /> estimated at beef (320,000 metric tonnes),<br /> sheep and goats (70,000 MT), poultry meat<br /> 20,000 MT, pigs 11,000 MT and camel meat<br /> 6,600 MT (2007). A small proportion of the</div> <div>ment Creation (ERS). The ERS, launched<br /> in June 2003 and ended in December 2007,<br /> was anchored on three pillars: Restoration of<br /> economic growth and maintaining a stable<br /> macro-economic environment, enhancing<br /> equity and poverty reduction and improving<br /> governance.<br /> The National Economic and Social Council<br /> (NESC) under the President has set out<br /> develop the vision for Kenya: “A globally competitive<br /> and prosperous nation with a high<br /> quality of life by 2030”.<br /> Ministry of Finance<br /> The functions of the ministry are strategic in<br /> several ways. It formulates financial and economic<br /> policies and develops and maintains<br /> fiscal and monetary policies that facilitate<br /> socio-economic development. This responsibility<br /> makes the ministry strategic and central<br /> to economic management and all sectors<br /> look upon the ministry to create an environment<br /> in which they can operate effectively<br /> and efficiently.<br /> The ministry regulates the financial sector<br /> on which others depend for investment<br /> resources. Another responsibility is the<br /> management of revenues, expenditures<br /> and borrowing by Government. It mobilises<br /> resources to support Government programmes<br /> and activities. Consequently, the<br /> ministry develops fiscal policies that ensure<br /> sustainable budget deficits.<br /> In addition, it ensures that Government<br /> expenditure is within the revenue collected to<br /> reduce domestic borrowing, which tends to<br /> cause negative ripples in economic management.<br /> The ministry is also strategic in bilateral<br /> and multi-lateral development financing<br /> and technical assistance.<br /> The ministry, therefore, provides direction<br /> Funding the youth<br /> 1. Family Bank Ltd<br /> 2. Kenya Industrial<br /> Estates<br /> 3. Kenya Women<br /> Finance Trust<br /> 4. K-REP Dev. Agency<br /> 5. (BIMAS) Business<br /> Initiatives and Management<br /> Assistance<br /> Services<br /> 6. Nyamira Tea Farmers<br /> Sacco<br /> 7. Taifa Sacco<br /> 8. Nomads Welfare<br /> Development Group<br /> 9. Masaku Traders<br /> Sacco<br /> 10. Marsabit Teachers<br /> Sacco<br /> 11. Kenya Entrepreneurship<br /> Empowerment<br /> Foundation<br /> 12. K-REP Bank Ltd<br /> 13. Small and Micro Enterprise<br /> Programme<br /> (SMEP)<br /> 14. Adok Timo<br /> 15. Elgon Teachers Sacco<br /> 16. Taita Taveta Teachers<br /> Sacco<br /> 17. Baringo Farmers<br /> Sacco<br /> 18. Equity Bank Ltd<br /> 19. Lokichoggio Multi-<br /> Purpose Sacco<br /> 20. Lamu Teachers Sacco<br /> 21. Marafiki Sacco<br /> 22. Tana Teachers Sacco<br /> 23. Kuria Teachers Sacco<br /> 24. Kena Roscas<br /> 25. Songa Mbele Women<br /> Organisation<br /> 26. Silver Ray Ltd<br /> 27. Copper Group<br /> 28. Emmanuel Consulting<br /> Services<br /> 29. First Community<br /> Bank<br /> 30. Necco Fosa<br /> 31. South Imenti Credit<br /> Company<br /> 32. Kenya Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 193</div> <div>Art, and Culture Culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 116</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1116<br /> More golf courses<br /> Muthaiga Golf Club<br /> Naivasha Lake Golf Club<br /> Nakuru Golf Club<br /> Nandi Bears Club<br /> Nanyuki Sports Club<br /> Ndumberi Club<br /> Njoro Country Club<br /> Nyahururu Golf Club<br /> Nyali Golf Country Club<br /> Nyanza Club<br /> Nyeri Club<br /> Railway Golf Club<br /> Great Rift Valley Golf<br /> Course<br /> Royal Nairobi Golf Club<br /> Ruiru Club<br /> Sigona Golf Club<br /> The Golf Park<br /> Thika Sports Club<br /> Vet Lab Sports Club<br /> Windsor Golf and Country<br /> Club<br /> www.golftoday.co.uk<br /> Kenya Rugby Football Union (KRFU) in 1970<br /> and inauguration of the Kenya Cup. The same<br /> year, Impala RFC won the first Kenya Cup. In<br /> 1972, the last RFUEA Provincial Championships<br /> were held and won by Kenya Clubs. But<br /> with the end of this, KRFU assumed control<br /> of all rugby activity. In 1974, it was registered<br /> under the Societies Act of Kenya.<br /> The dominance of Europeans in rugby<br /> was rolled back in 1977 with the formation of<br /> the first all African Club —Mean Machine of<br /> the University of Nairobi. In 1990, KRFU was<br /> admitted to the International Rugby Board<br /> and rugby 15s became a formal sport in secondary<br /> schools.<br /> Africans got an opportunity to learn and<br /> play rugby soon after independence in 1963,<br /> and after desegregation of the education<br /> system. Even then, the sport was limited to<br /> elite schools that had previously admitted<br /> Europeans only such as the Duke of York<br /> (Lenana School) and Prince of Wales (Nairobi<br /> School).<br /> The first generation of Africans to play<br /> rugby included the late Chris Onsotti, John<br /> Gichinga, Dennis Awori, George Kariuki, Jim<br /> Owino and the legendary Mwangi Kioi brothers.<br /> They must be credited with preparing<br /> the groundwork for the second generation to<br /> blossom. The latter made Kenya a reputable<br /> rugby-playing nation in the 1970s, 1980s and<br /> early 1990s.<br /> The 1970s witnessed the renaissance of<br /> Kenyan rugby. The second generation comprised<br /> the likes of Jackson ‘Jacko’ Omaido, his<br /> brother Walter, Tom Oketch, Alunga Omolo,<br /> Peter Akatsa, Frank Ngaruiya, Stan Ramogo,<br /> Max Muniafu, Michael ‘Tank’ Otieno, Evans<br /> Vitisia, Godfrey ‘Chief’ Edebe, Peter Belsoi<br /> and Pip Omamo. Others were Larry Okinyo,<br /> David Akelola, Wycliffe Mukulu, John Akatsa,</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> Lion growth is stagnant. The Born Free<br /> Foundation is working with KWS to conserve<br /> the Big Cat. Three lions in the Amboseli<br /> National Park were fitted with GSM devices<br /> to monitor their movement and aid understanding<br /> of human-lion conflict in the ecosystem.<br /> This was aimed at drawing public<br /> attention to the increasingly threatened<br /> species and raising funds for lion conservation<br /> and protection. For the last two-and-half<br /> years, scientists have collected data on lions’<br /> movement patterns. However, two collars<br /> stopped transmitting data after they expired.<br /> A national conservation strategy for the<br /> lion, spotted and stripped hyena, cheetah<br /> and wild dog was completed and launched<br /> in 2009.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1052<br /> KWS and parks<br /> The Kenya Wildlife Service<br /> manages 8 per cent<br /> of Kenya’s land mass,<br /> including 22 national<br /> parks, 28 national reserves<br /> and five national<br /> sanctuaries. Also under<br /> KWS management are<br /> four marine national<br /> parks and six marine<br /> national reserves at the<br /> Coast. In addition, the<br /> State agency manages<br /> 125 field stations outside<br /> protected areas.<br /> Beyond wildlife habitats,<br /> the parks and stations<br /> have office and residential<br /> blocks, training institutes,<br /> research centres,<br /> bandas, hotels, shops,<br /> restaurants, boreholes,<br /> road networks, airstrips<br /> and related plants and<br /> equipment.<br /> www.kws.org<br /> Elephant<br /> Kenya has a long history of elephant conservation<br /> — from the ban on hunting to the<br /> burning of ivory — and it is committed to elephant<br /> protection. The country has the skills<br /> to conserve and manage elephants through<br /> translocation, aerial surveys and provision of<br /> security.<br /> Kenya’s elephants are recovering slowly<br /> from the massive poaching of the 1970s and<br /> 1980s. Routine and planned research and<br /> monitoring activities of elephants got a major<br /> boost with the launch of the Elephant Conservation<br /> Strategy 2010-2020.<br /> War against wildlife crime<br /> Though poaching has been contained, it still<br /> remains a challenge. But the threat to some<br /> species was recently boosted by the decision<br /> of the 58th CITES Standing Committee to<br /> sanction a one-off sale of government-owned<br /> ivory by Botswana, Namibia, South Africa<br /> and Zimbabwe to China and Japan. This has</div> <div>Economy, Disaster management Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 746</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> In 2009, the hotels sub-sector<br /> recorded impressive business, with<br /> the number of bed-nights occupied<br /> increasing by 68.8 per cent to 6.2<br /> million from 3.7 million in 2008.<br /> The turnaround in the tourism<br /> sector is attributed to successful<br /> promotion, recovery from the<br /> effects of the post-election violence<br /> and the global recession and political<br /> stability. The growth in the sector<br /> has been sustained in 2010 due to<br /> improved economic performance<br /> and a rebound in global economy.<br /> The Ministry of Tourism also<br /> promotes domestic tourism so that<br /> Kenyans can discover the great<br /> natural and cultural wealth of their<br /> homeland. Competitive offers by<br /> industry players and the Tembea<br /> Kenya Initiative, a public-private initiative<br /> aimed at promoting domestic<br /> tourism in the absence of inbound<br /> tourists, helped boost local visits.<br /> Tourism has contributed<br /> immensely to job creation. Employment<br /> in the sector accounts for nine<br /> per cent of total wage employment,<br /> and is also a major source of revenue<br /> for the Government in taxes,<br /> duties, licences and entry fees. As<br /> a major source of employment, it<br /> accounts for at least 400,000 jobs<br /> in the formal sector and more than<br /> 600,000 in the informal sector.<br /> The Ministry of Tourism formulates<br /> policy and co-ordinates the<br /> implementation of strategies aimed<br /> at developing the sector. The 2008-<br /> 2012 strategic plan identifies tourism<br /> as a key economic activity with<br /> massive opportunity for growth.<br /> Vision 2030 has set goals for the sector,<br /> among them the transformation<br /> of Kenya into one of the top 10 destinations<br /> for long-haul tourists by<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 956<br /> Table 1: Visitors Arrivals 2004-2009 (in thousands)<br /> Purpose 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008* 2009<br /> Holiday 885.6 1,063.10 1,087.40 1,278.50 936.10 1,061.2<br /> Business 246.4 206.1 226.2 242.2 109.40 180.6<br /> Transit 162.2 79.8 137.1 130.9 62.00 98.4<br /> Other 66.5 129.9 149.9 165.2 95.80 150.2<br /> TOTAL 1,360.7 1,478.9 1,600.6 1,816.8 1,203.3 1,490.4<br /> Table 2: Visitors Departure By Purpose of Visit, 2004-2009 (‘000s)<br /> Purpose 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008* 2009<br /> Holiday 856.2 1,027.1 1,078.0 1,232.0 891.7 1,064.9<br /> Business 255.8 201.6 219.5 232.3 108.9 169.3<br /> Transit 147.9 71.6 116.9 124.6 65.2 97.4<br /> Other 60.3 160.7 164.0 183.3 77.3 136.6<br /> TOTAL 1,320.2 1,461.0 1,578.4 1,772.2 1,143.1 1,468.2<br /> Source: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics</div> <div>Government System<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 164</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 542<br /> • Trial on rice and soya bean cultivation<br /> after rice — MIAD, KARI,<br /> IWMI and IPIA<br /> • Cotton rotation in paddy field —<br /> MIAD and KARI<br /> The centre has a model farm<br /> where irrigation technologies are<br /> demonstrated to farmers. Among<br /> the crops grown are bananas,<br /> passion fruits, mangoes and soya.<br /> Forestry<br /> Kenya is lightly forested with about<br /> 1.7 per cent of forest cover, but with<br /> an additional 27 per cent of other<br /> wooded land cover. The forest<br /> plantation stocking decreased<br /> from 114,000 hectares in 2008 to<br /> 107,000 hectares in 2009, due to<br /> high planting failures and bushfire<br /> damages , totalling to 8,700 hectares<br /> in 2009 compared to 1,000 hectares<br /> in 2008. The area planted declined<br /> 5,700 hectares in 2009 to 3,500<br /> hectares in 2009. But the area of<br /> forests cleared declined from 3,000<br /> hectares in 2008 to 1,800 hectares<br /> in 2009.<br /> The majority of closed forests<br /> are upland broad-leaved forests<br /> of either semi-deciduous or<br /> evergreen type. The largest areas of<br /> upland forests occur on the main<br /> mountains — Mt Kenya, Mt Elgon<br /> and the Aberdare range. About 6<br /> per cent of forests are protected<br /> in national parks, sanctuaries and<br /> reserves. Forested areas are widely<br /> distributed within Central, Coast,<br /> Rift Valley and Eastern provinces.<br /> Rift Valley has the highest forest<br /> cover estimated at 47 per cent.<br /> The forests are the source of raw<br /> material used in wood and wood<br /> product industries.<br /> Kenya has a wide range of forests,<br /> from coastal through central<br /> high mountain to the thick and wet<br /> rainforests of the west. They support<br /> more than just a diverse range<br /> of tree and plant species; they are<br /> also the territory of a wide range of<br /> wildlife, from rare chameleons to<br /> elephant herds, elusive leopards to<br /> colourful butterflies, monkey families<br /> and prolific birdlife.<br /> The forest sector plays vital roles<br /> in the livelihood of the population<br /> through the provision of invaluable<br /> goods and services. The most<br /> significant contribution is in energy<br /> supply for domestic and industrial<br /> processes, provision of timber for<br /> construction and trees for regulation<br /> of water flow.<br /> It is estimated that 80 per cent of<br /> the population uses biomass energy,<br /> while urban development and<br /> hydro energy rely heavily on water.<br /> Forests will continue to provide<br /> essential goods and services such as<br /> timber, poles, fuel-wood, food, medicines,<br /> fodder and other non-wood<br /> forest products.<br /> Forest resources and forestry<br /> development activities contribute<br /> significantly to the economy by<br /> supplying raw materials for industrial<br /> use and creating employment.<br /> As important as forests are to the<br /> national economy, their development<br /> and management are ham-</div> <div>Justice and correctional services<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 816<br /> Finally, Judiciary to<br /> runs its own finances<br /> The new Constitution,<br /> in Chapter 10 Section<br /> 173, establishes the<br /> Judiciary Fund which<br /> will be administered by<br /> the Chief Registrar of<br /> the Judiciary. It will be<br /> used for administrative<br /> expenses and other purposes<br /> for the discharge<br /> of the functions of the<br /> Judiciary. Each financial<br /> year, the Chief Registrar<br /> will prepare estimates of<br /> expenditure for the following<br /> year, and submit<br /> them to the National<br /> Assembly for approval.<br /> Upon approval, the<br /> expenditure of the<br /> Judiciary will be<br /> a charge on the<br /> Consolidated Fund and<br /> the funds paid directly<br /> into the Fund.<br /> Constitution of Kenya<br /> tration of justice. The institute trains judicial<br /> officers on better methods of service delivery<br /> and use of computers and information technology,<br /> provides the Judiciary with the physical<br /> infrastructure on which to train judges,<br /> magistrates and support staff and offers training<br /> to staff at the Attorney-General’s office,<br /> police, prisons and the Law Society of Kenya.<br /> The institute symbolises the Judiciary’s<br /> commitment to new and improved methods<br /> of service delivery and excellence in<br /> the application of law through research and<br /> more effective remedies. The Chief Justice set<br /> up a Curriculum Review Committee to look<br /> into the course content of the programmes<br /> previously offered and structure them.<br /> The committee will also determine the<br /> levels of instruction and certification as well<br /> as the faculty suitable for the courses. It has<br /> authority to hire the services of experts in<br /> various fields and to consult them.<br /> State Law Office<br /> Also commonly referred to as the Office of<br /> the Attorney General, its main function is “to<br /> advise the Government on legal matters in<br /> facilitating and monitoring the rule of law,<br /> protection of freedoms, democracy and efficient<br /> delivery of legal services”.<br /> Attorney-General<br /> In the new Constitution, like in the old,<br /> the AG is the principal legal adviser to the<br /> Government. The official will represent the<br /> national Government in court or other legal<br /> proceedings other than criminal ones and<br /> perform other functions conferred on the<br /> office by Parliament or the President.<br /> The Attorney-General will be nominated<br /> and appointed by the President with the<br /> approval of the National Assembly.</div> <div>Economy, Name index Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1148<br /> School feeding programme, 349,351,360<br /> Secondary schools, 335-349,351,358,363<br /> Special needs, 349,350<br /> Technical, 337,341,345,353,359,368<br /> University, 117-139,140,268,281,284,337-<br /> 346,452,466,473<br /> Universities in Kenya, 348<br /> E-Government, 279-282,462,463,484<br /> Elections, 184<br /> Energy, 36,663-669<br /> Policy, 667,668,673,692<br /> Resources, 669<br /> Sources, 670,677,685,691<br /> Environment, 485,488<br /> Green Belt Movement, 488,496<br /> Policy, 489,492,493,502<br /> NEMA, 489-492,501,503,510,781,790<br /> UNEP, 487-490,505,510,704,851<br /> Ethnic groups, 12, 42, 111,123-126,152<br /> See also Communities<br /> Executive, 166,175,180<br /> Fauna, 492,494,505<br /> Festivals, 129<br /> FGM, 932,937<br /> Fiber optic cables, 239,251,253<br /> Film, 144<br /> Films made in Kenya, 270<br /> Industry, 269<br /> Finance and Planning, 186<br /> Banking, 188,192,196,202-205,224,231<br /> Capital markets, 187,212-215<br /> Insurance, 188, 195, 205-213, 220-<br /> 225,396<br /> Micro-finance institutions, 205,206<br /> Ministry of Finance, 193<br /> Ministry of Planning, 229<br /> Pensions, 195, 208, 453, 458, 464,<br /> 467,473-483<br /> Public finance, 195,196,234<br /> Fisheries, 563,566,949<br /> Flora, 56, 57, 62, 505 see also Vegetation<br /> Foreign<br /> Policy, 695-712<br /> Relations, 693,698,703,714<br /> Forestry, 511,529,542,550,561-566<br /> Fort Jesus, 10, 11<br /> Forex Bureaus, 188, 216,221<br /> Fossils, 1, 4,5,37<br /> Fredrick Manthi, 8<br /> Gender, 925, 929<br /> Affairs, 931<br /> Disparities, 927,932<br /> Equality, 931<br /> Equity 354,361<br /> Inequalities, 931<br /> Geographical features, 55, 72, 73<br /> Governance, 163,167,179<br /> Government Press, 447<br /> Government Messaging and Collaborative<br /> System<br /> (EMACS), 463<br /> Governor, 180-182<br /> Harry Thuku, 24<br /> Health, 35,375<br /> Centers 375,378<br /> E-Health, 395<br /> Facilities, 378-381,392,394-398,400<br /> Funding, 379,381,390<br /> HIV/AIDS, 262,375,377,382-<br /> 386,749,751,929<br /> Insurance, 395<br /> Malaria, 375,381,387-400<br /> Ministry of Medical Services, 377,400<br /> Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation,<br /> 377,383,393<br /> Public Health, 378-381,390,395,400<br /> Services, 375,377,381,387,392-395<br /> Staff, 378<br /> TB, 375,381,386,391,400<br /> Heroes and heroines, 112,113,132<br /> History, 4, 7, 11,14,85,90<br /> Prehistory, 1, 2<br /> Homo erectus, 5, 6, 7<br /> Homo neanderthalensis, 6<br /> Homo sapiens, 6, 9<br /> Holidays, 74<br /> Hospitals, 375,378<br /> Public, 375, 381, 385<br /> District, 378, 393, 396<br /> Housing, 641-647, 651, 654, 657, 660, 745<br /> Human<br /> Evolution, 4,5,6,7<br /> Race, 1, 4,19,20,29<br /> Resources, 451-460,470,477,483<br /> Management, 458,461-463<br /> Development, 460,483<br /> IBEA, 12-14, 37<br /> ICT, 242,248,277-284,459,464<br /> IGAD, 697,700-704<br /> Immigration, 875,880,884<br /> Imperial British East Africa Company See IBEA</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 864<br /> • Advise on the distribution of<br /> local authorities, assets and<br /> liabilities upon establishment<br /> Markets Development<br /> The department’s functions are to:<br /> Facilitate wholesale and retail market<br /> development in local authorities<br /> Establish programmes for vulnerable<br /> groups<br /> Increase the visibility of markets<br /> Prepare market projects for implementation<br /> Ensure markets are restructured<br /> and operational efficiency boosted<br /> Collaborate with other ministries,<br /> councils and the private sector in<br /> market development<br /> Secure 30 per cent increase in funding<br /> for markets<br /> Association of Local<br /> Government Authorities of<br /> Kenya<br /> ALGAK is a non-profit, nonpartisan,<br /> autonomous and allinclusive<br /> membership umbrella<br /> organisation that seeks to contribute<br /> to local development and good<br /> governance through partnerships<br /> and effective service delivery.<br /> ALGAK’s mandate is to<br /> undertake activities that lead to<br /> the enhancement of viable and<br /> democratic local government. It was<br /> formed in 1959 to negotiate with the<br /> Government on local authorities’<br /> matters.<br /> The Nairobi City Council initially<br /> hosted ALGAK and it met once<br /> a year to change leadership and<br /> as a forum of civic heads. In 1995,<br /> an independent secretariat was<br /> established. Since 2000, the German<br /> Development Service has helped<br /> the secretariat. Over the years, other<br /> partners have supported ALGAK’s<br /> activities and programmes. It has<br /> also been supported by the Ministry<br /> of Local Government and other<br /> ministries and arms of Government<br /> ALGAK is registered under<br /> the Society’s Act. It relies<br /> heavily on annual membership<br /> subscription and registration fees.<br /> Its programmes include capacity<br /> building for local authorities,<br /> technical services and consultancy,<br /> governance and democratisation<br /> and development innovations.<br /> The 2006 Africities Summit<br /> Africities 4 Summit, the fourth<br /> Pan-African edition of Local<br /> Government Days, was held in<br /> Nairobi, between September 18<br /> and 22, 2006. The theme was<br /> Building joint actions for the<br /> effective realisation of Millennium<br /> Development Goals in African Local<br /> Governments.<br /> The Africities Conference was<br /> a meeting of stakeholders whose<br /> intention is to bring together all local<br /> government stakeholders in Africa<br /> to discuss how to attain MDGs in<br /> the African local governments.<br /> Like in previous Africities<br /> summits, an exhibition of African<br /> local governments [the Citexpo] was<br /> organised in Nairobi. The summit<br /> provided an opportunity for public</div> <div>the Unified Licensing Framework<br /> (ULF) in response to technological<br /> convergence. A key feature of<br /> ULF is technology neutrality, which<br /> means that licensees are at liberty<br /> to opt for the technology of their<br /> choice.<br /> The initiatives and competition<br /> have driven the development of new<br /> technologies, services and applications.<br /> Notable initiatives include mobile<br /> financial products such as Safaricom’s<br /> M-Pesa and Zain’s Zap, and<br /> entry of mobile service providers<br /> into Internet provision.<br /> Tariff Regulation<br /> CCK regulates tariffs in certain market<br /> segments to ensure competition<br /> thrives. It uses price cap regulation<br /> to protect consumers from exploitation<br /> in market segments characterised<br /> by monopoly.<br /> Price cap regulation entails developing<br /> a formula to determine the<br /> maximum allowable price increases<br /> for a regulated operator’s services<br /> for a specified number of years.<br /> Regulated tariffs are mainly for<br /> the public postal licensee, Postal<br /> Corporation of Kenya, and the fixed<br /> line operator, Telkom Kenya.<br /> Though retail tariffs for mobile<br /> telephony are strictly regulated,<br /> operators are required to file tariff<br /> reviews with the CCK as a way of<br /> ensuring that charges are priced<br /> competitively.<br /> Currently, CCK is regulating<br /> mobile off-net tariffs. <br /> Internet<br /> The Internet first came to Kenya<br /> in the early 1990s, when a group<br /> educated overseas experimented<br /> with e-mail technology they had<br /> encountered abroad. They set up<br /> functional networks that allowed<br /> them to access e-mails from their<br /> institutions of learning and to communicate<br /> using the Internet.<br /> In 1993, the African Regional Centre<br /> for Computing (ARCC), an NGO,<br /> became the first formal provider of<br /> Internet services. But the first commercial<br /> Internet Service Provider<br /> (ISP) — Formnet — started operation<br /> in 1995, primarily offering dialup<br /> and content services. Formnet<br /> was followed by a number of ISPs,<br /> including Africa Online.<br /> In months, competition increased<br /> with the entry of more ISPs, but the<br /> cost of Internet access was still high.<br /> Commercial customers included<br /> foreign nationals living in Kenya as<br /> well as the NGO community, who<br /> used the technology to communicate<br /> with their offices or relatives<br /> abroad. Companies involved in<br /> import or export services, industries<br /> with overseas operations and clients,<br /> and academia soon followed.<br /> Majority of the subscribers were in<br /> Nairobi.<br /> They paid high fees to access<br /> the Internet and had to bear with<br /> limited capacity and poor fixed line<br /> infrastructure. The country then<br /> invested in its first Internet backbone,<br /> the sole entry point for connectivity.<br /> The gateway — Jambonet<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 249</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> AP. SGB protects Government buildings and<br /> installations — which it took over from the<br /> Armed Forces Constabulary — and protects<br /> and escorts VIP.<br /> The RDU is for emergency response and<br /> operational tasks. It also intervenes in situations<br /> beyond local security capacity. The unit<br /> may be called upon to enhance border security<br /> and related operations.<br /> AP has taken a lead role in implementing<br /> Community-Based Policing, which has<br /> helped combat cattle rustling, banditry, terrorism<br /> and illegal firearms.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 420<br /> Training centres<br /> The Kenya Police has<br /> 10 provincial training<br /> centres — Embu,<br /> Kisumu, Kimilili, Garissa,<br /> Mombasa, Ngong, Makindu,<br /> Ruringu, Nakuru<br /> and Mathare. The Kenya<br /> Police College Commandant<br /> provides instructors<br /> and supervises<br /> training at the provincial<br /> training centres. However,<br /> it is the Provincial<br /> Police Officer or Formation<br /> Commander who<br /> should draw a training<br /> programme to meet the<br /> needs of a province. The<br /> centres train constables<br /> and members of other<br /> ranks. They also hold<br /> seminars for the Inspectorate<br /> on fields such as<br /> customer care, stress<br /> management, good governance<br /> and gender and<br /> human rights among<br /> www.kenyapolice.go.ke/<br /> Kenya Police College<br /> Training<br /> A community-policing syllabus has been<br /> developed and implemented by trainers,<br /> consultants and training partners. Specialised<br /> training focuses on anti-terrorism, border<br /> security, personnel and facility protection,<br /> conflict, crisis management and investigation<br /> skills, among other techniques.<br /> The AP proposes to double the number<br /> of recruits trained annually to 2,800 and to<br /> reduce attrition from 900 to 400. The former<br /> can be achieved through reduction of the<br /> training period from nine to six months with<br /> adequate provision for refresher training.<br /> This will produce an annual growth level<br /> of 3,200 officers or 11 per cent of the current<br /> force. AP requires facilities for training and<br /> recreation — shooting ranges, a swimming<br /> pool at APTC to train life-saving skills and<br /> other physical aids. APTC should be rehabilitated<br /> and expanded and more training areas<br /> acquired to create capacity for junior and<br /> senior training courses.<br /> Housing<br /> Administration Police units such as APTC,<br /> SGB, provincial and district headquarters</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> Bee-keeping college<br /> Baraka Agricultural<br /> College in Molo, was<br /> started in 1974. It<br /> offers short courses in<br /> beekeeping.<br /> The studies include:<br /> Introduction to beekeeping<br /> (establishing a<br /> beekeeping enterprise)<br /> Processing bee products<br /> Making bee equipment<br /> Bee breeding. The<br /> college can be reached<br /> through post office and<br /> email addresses and the<br /> telephone.<br /> Baraka Agricultural<br /> College<br /> P.O. Box 52 - 20106<br /> Molo, Kenya<br /> Tel: 254 020 2113400<br /> shortcourses@<br /> sustainableag.org<br /> www.sustainableag.org<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 294<br /> With the support of development<br /> partners, it has set aside Sh416<br /> million ($5.2 million)to provide free<br /> seed and fertiliser to poor farmers<br /> in districts where short-rains are<br /> most reliable. The Government has<br /> also made arrangements for the<br /> provision of affordable fertiliser and<br /> seeds to other farmers. The Cabinet<br /> approved the sale of fertiliser at Sh2,<br /> 000 ($25) for a 50kg bag of Double<br /> Ammonium phosphate (DAP)<br /> and Sh1,400 ($17.5) for a 50kg bag<br /> of Calcium Ammonium Nitrate<br /> (CAN). The value of fertiliser used<br /> by farmers rose from Sh3.3 billion<br /> ($41.25) in 2004 to Sh6.1 billion in<br /> 2008.<br /> Tractor services<br /> To ensure adequate production of<br /> food, more than 50 tractors have<br /> been donated to Kenya by Italy and<br /> the United Nations Development<br /> Programme (UNDP) at a cost of<br /> $1.3 million (Sh97.5 million).<br /> In October 2009, the Government<br /> announced that each of the 210<br /> constituencies will receive four<br /> tractors to help farmers plough<br /> their land. The tractors, under<br /> constituency management<br /> committees, are hired at subsidised<br /> rates in a move aimed at<br /> modernising agriculture.</div> <div>basis through concession arrangements.<br /> The corridor will not only<br /> open up the northern parts of the<br /> country and boost business activities,<br /> but also increase trade with<br /> Southern Sudan, Ethiopia and the<br /> Great Lakes region.<br /> Maritime services<br /> On maritime and shipping, the milestone<br /> in recent times is the enactment<br /> of the Merchant Shipping<br /> Act. The law is crucial in boosting<br /> the development of the sector and<br /> domesticating international treaties<br /> and protocols. This will create<br /> employment and business opportunities<br /> for Kenyans. The law will also<br /> promote seafaring.<br /> The Government and private<br /> international shareholders own the<br /> Kenya National Shipping Line. It<br /> was established to take advantage<br /> of business opportunities offered<br /> by international sea trade under the<br /> provisions of the UNCTAD Code of<br /> Conduct for Line Conferences.<br /> Kenya’s coastline is about 600km<br /> long. Within the country are also<br /> inland waterways that include lakes<br /> Turkana, Baringo, Naivasha and<br /> Victoria. Fishing is an important<br /> economic activity and a valuable<br /> source of protein. Six seagoing fishing<br /> vessels of slightly above 1,000<br /> GRT (Gross Registered Tonnage)<br /> are recorded on the Kenya Ships<br /> Register, but most fishing is by artisan<br /> fishermen.<br /> Only about 10 per cent of traditional<br /> fishing craft is motorised. The<br /> rest comprises small non-motorised<br /> boats such as out-riggers, dhows<br /> and planked pirogues. Kenya relies<br /> almost exclusively on shipping for<br /> imports and exports. It is estimated<br /> that 50 ships are in the major shipping<br /> lanes off the Kenyan coast at<br /> any given time. Up to 10 are oil tankers<br /> carrying between 50,000 and<br /> 250,000 tonnes.<br /> Mombasa plays an important role<br /> in servicing the trade needs of transit<br /> countries — Uganda, DR Congo,<br /> Rwanda, Burundi and Southern<br /> Sudan, among others, with traffic<br /> using the Northern Corridor.<br /> Kenya Maritime Authority<br /> To strengthen maritime administration,<br /> the Government established<br /> the Kenya Maritime Authority<br /> (KMA) in 2004 and transferred the<br /> responsibility over shipping from<br /> the Merchant Shipping Department<br /> of the Kenya Ports Authority to an<br /> independent authority. KMA implements<br /> international instruments<br /> relating to maritime transport.<br /> It aims to broaden and modernise<br /> the institutional and legal framework<br /> for maritime safety, security<br /> and preservation of the marine environment.<br /> National maritime legislation<br /> is one of the primary tools for<br /> attaining international standards in<br /> safety and security and the preservation<br /> of the marine environment.<br /> The establishment of KMA<br /> marked a milestone in Kenya’s maritime<br /> industry. It was established to<br /> regulate, coordinate and oversee<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 631</div> <div>road at a cost of Sh2.3 billion ($28.75 million).<br /> In addition, the construction of Athi<br /> and Ikutha bridges on the Kangonde-Kibwezi<br /> road (B7) will promote economic potential in<br /> Kibwezi, Makueni and Kitui districts as well<br /> as the new Kyuso District in Eastern Province.<br /> Ongoing projects<br /> More than 60 projects on rehabilitation,<br /> upgrading, tarmacking and regravelling<br /> works worth over Sh110 billion<br /> ($1.375 billion) are at various stages of<br /> implementation, with funding from the<br /> Budget and the Fuel Levy. Projects funded<br /> from the Budget in agricultural and tourism<br /> potential areas include the rehabilitation<br /> of the Mombasa-Nairobi-Nakuru-Eldoret<br /> highway.<br /> Key sections of the corridor are:<br /> ■ 55km Sultan Hamud-Machakos turnoff<br /> road worth Sh3 billion ($40 million). The<br /> project is 84 per cent complete.<br /> ■ 33km JKIA-Machakos turnoff-Athi River-<br /> Embakasi road, including a dual carriage<br /> from Athi River to Embakasi at Sh4.2 billion<br /> ($52.5 million). The project is 81 per<br /> cent complete.<br /> ■ 96km Maai Mahiu-Naivasha-Lanet road at<br /> a cost of Sh6.1 billion ($76.25 million)<br /> ■ 83km Njoro turnoff-Mau Summit-Timboroa<br /> road at Sh4.3 billion ($53.75 million).<br /> The project is 80 per cent complete.<br /> Support for agriculture<br /> The road transport links in the agricultural<br /> productive Mt Kenya region, which also has<br /> great tourism potential, received a boost with<br /> the completion of the 77km Nairobi-Thika-<br /> Ruiru road at a cost of Sh1.7 billion ($21.25<br /> million)<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 575</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 786<br /> for clients, reviews training programmes,<br /> undertakes client consultancy,<br /> guidance and counseling.<br /> The institute’s lecturers train in<br /> areas of specialisation, design and<br /> prepare training materials and aids<br /> and organises, coordinates and<br /> implements seminars, workshops<br /> and symposia. They also provide<br /> consultancy and counseling services,<br /> evaluates and reviews training<br /> programmes and formulates and<br /> conducts research on business and<br /> management.<br /> Business Premises Rent Tribunal<br /> (See chapter on Public Works and<br /> Housing)<br /> Export Promotion Council (See<br /> above)<br /> Kenya National Trading Corporation<br /> (KNTC)<br /> It was set up in 1965 as a private limited<br /> company owned by the Government.<br /> The main objective was to<br /> organise and effect exports from and<br /> imports into Kenya. KNTC could do<br /> business with countries where trading<br /> was controlled by the Government<br /> on an equal footing and thus<br /> strengthen private enterprise with<br /> other countries. But the corporation’s<br /> major function was to remove<br /> imbalances in the commercial life of</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 436<br /> to the Corps of Engineer on completion<br /> of cadet courses and further<br /> training in Engineer Squadron Commander’s<br /> course. It gives basic combat<br /> engineer training to selected<br /> servicemen and women posted to<br /> the Corp of Engineer prior to their<br /> posting. The school also gives subsequent<br /> combat and specialised training<br /> to Kenya Army Engineer servicemen<br /> and women in various trades.<br /> It trains selected junior and senior<br /> non-commissioned officers in matters<br /> of command, gives further training<br /> to engineer officers, servicemen<br /> and women in civil construction,<br /> leading to award of certificates.<br /> Kahawa Garrison<br /> It was started in 1942 during the<br /> Second World War as a depot<br /> known as 32 Supply Depot. It was<br /> for the British forces based in the<br /> Middle East and the Horn of Africa.<br /> Kahawa Garrison is also the home<br /> of the Corps of Signals, whose history<br /> dates back to 1952 when a<br /> School of Signals was started in Lord<br /> Lugards Barracks. The Signal Training<br /> Wing moved to the garrison in<br /> 1964.</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 614<br /> destinations. The airport has risen<br /> from humble beginnings since it<br /> began operations in 1978 to become<br /> a leading regional hub in the African<br /> aviation industry.<br /> It serves 49 scheduled airlines<br /> and five million passengers a year.<br /> The airport is being upgraded and<br /> once the works are complete, it will<br /> have ultra-modern facilities and be<br /> able to handle more than nine million<br /> passengers.<br /> In 2009, and for the second year<br /> running, JKIA won the prestigious<br /> Routes Airport Marketing Award<br /> (African Category). The award<br /> was presented at the World Routes<br /> Event, attended by more than 2,000<br /> participants from leading airports<br /> and airlines in the world. The award<br /> is given after a thorough peer review<br /> by airlines, the key stakeholders in<br /> airports, for excellence in marketing<br /> and world-class service.<br /> Like other major airports, JKIA<br /> was hard-hit by the effects of the<br /> world economic downturn. Airlines<br /> sought to stay afloat by cutting<br /> capacity, withdrawing from some<br /> routes, merging or even shutting</div> <div>mousebird can be seen in the undergrowth.<br /> Bright yellow canaries and golden palm<br /> weavers flash in the bush, while the lizard<br /> buzzard and the lilac breasted roller perch on<br /> poles and wires.<br /> Habitats include intertidal rock, sand and<br /> mud, fringing reefs and coral gardens, coral<br /> cliffs, sandy beaches and the Mida Creek<br /> mangrove forest. The Mida Creek forest has a<br /> high diversity of mangrove species, including<br /> Ceriops tagal, rhizophora mucronata, bruguiera<br /> gymnorrhiza, avicennia marina and sonneratia<br /> alba. These provide refuge to a variety<br /> of both resident and migrant bird species.<br /> The major attractions are the green turtle,<br /> unique coral garden, the Mida creek, Kipepeo<br /> project and the Gede ruins. There is no<br /> accommodation in the reserve though many<br /> options exist in the nearby Malindi town.<br /> Glass-bottomed boat tours, coral gardens,<br /> boat rides, diving, snorkelling, ocean sports,<br /> under-water adventures, educational tours,<br /> picnic and island barbeques are the attractions<br /> that lure visitors. At present, the park<br /> does not operate on smart card system and<br /> entry is by cash only — in Kenya shillings or<br /> US dollars.<br /> reservations@kws.go.ke<br /> malindimarine@kws.go.ke<br /> Lake Bogoria National Reserve<br /> In the past, the lake was called Hannington<br /> after a bishop who explored the area.<br /> When Bishop Hannington saw the lake, he<br /> described it as “the most beautiful view in<br /> Africa”. With the backdrop of the eastern wall<br /> of the Great Rift Valley, it is a stunning beauty<br /> that has always enchanted visitors. The contrast<br /> in colours from the grasslands into the<br /> lake and the sky can only describe the place<br /> as ‘nature’s studio’.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 975</div> <div>aries. Proximity to Chalbi Desert makes the<br /> area even more popular with film-makers.<br /> Oil exploration<br /> International focus has recently shifted to<br /> Isiolo following the commencement of oil<br /> exploration in Merti by a Chinese company.<br /> If the outcome is positive, life in Isiolo, northern<br /> Kenya and the country in general will<br /> never be the same again. It will change the<br /> residents’ fortunes and expose the region to<br /> unprecedented financial interest and returns.<br /> Second port<br /> The establishment of a second port in Lamu<br /> will also open up northern Kenya. Infrastructure<br /> development in the region is planned to<br /> coincide with the project that is billed to be<br /> one of the biggest in the region.<br /> A road will be built linking Addis Ababa<br /> in Ethiopia and Kigali in Rwanda to the port.<br /> The multi-faceted project will comprise a<br /> standard gauge rail, road networks, oil pipeline<br /> and an airport in Lamu.<br /> The proposed railway line will speed up<br /> movement of goods and reduce travel time<br /> as modern trains cruise for more than 280km<br /> an hour. It will enter Kenya through Kakuma,<br /> then Turkana, Maralal, Isiolo, Garissa, Bura<br /> and Garsen to Lamu.<br /> The railway and the super highway will run<br /> parallel to a pipeline, breathing new life into<br /> the region. The projects linked to the Lamu<br /> port will create new jobs for the residents<br /> and give Ethiopia access to international<br /> markets. It will also open up Ethiopia, with an<br /> estimated population of 80 million people, to<br /> Kenyan entrepreneurs.<br /> Kenya, too, will have access to relatively<br /> cheap oil from Southern Sudan, a major beneficiary<br /> of the proposed oil pipeline through<br /> The ‘Shifta’ War<br /> The Shifta War<br /> (1963–1967) was a<br /> secessionist conflict in<br /> which ethnic Somalis in<br /> the Northern Frontier<br /> District (NFD) of Kenya<br /> attempted to join with<br /> their fellow Somalis<br /> in a Greater Somalia.<br /> The Kenya Government<br /> called the conflict<br /> ‘shifta’ after the Somali<br /> word for ‘bandit’. The<br /> war ended in 1968<br /> when Abdirashid Ali<br /> Shermarke, President<br /> of Somalia, signed a<br /> ceasefire with Kenya.<br /> However, the violence<br /> in Kenya deteriorated<br /> into disorganised banditry,<br /> with occasional<br /> episodes of secessionist<br /> agitation, for the<br /> next several decades.<br /> The war and violence<br /> caused large-scale<br /> disruption to the way<br /> of life in the region.<br /> In 1967, Zambian<br /> President Kenneth<br /> Kaunda mediated<br /> peace talks between<br /> Somalia and Kenya. In<br /> October 1967, the two<br /> governments signed an<br /> agreement that led to a<br /> ceasefire.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 947</div> <div>Agriculture 8<br /> Agriculture is the backbone of Kenya’s economy.<br /> In the last five years, the value of production has increased<br /> from Sh123.2 billion ($1.64 billion) in 2004 to Sh178.8<br /> billion ($2.38 billion) in 2008-2009.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 289</div> <div>Economy, Science and Finance research and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 900<br /> KEMRI’s collaborators<br /> in the region<br /> British Medical Research<br /> Council<br /> Centres for Diseases<br /> Control and Prevention<br /> International Development<br /> Research Centre<br /> Japan International<br /> Cooperation Agency<br /> KEMRI-Wellcome Trust<br /> Mahidol University,<br /> Thailand<br /> Nagasaki University Institute<br /> of Tropical Medicine<br /> Royal Tropical Institute,<br /> Amsterdam<br /> US Agency for International<br /> Development<br /> Water Reed Army Institute<br /> of Medical Research<br /> World Association of Industrial<br /> and Technologist<br /> Research Organisations<br /> World Health Organisation<br /> Drugs for Neglected<br /> Diseases Initiative<br /> www.kemri.org<br /> • Centre for Clinical Research (CCR)<br /> • Centre for Geographic Medicine Research<br /> —Coast (CGMR-C)<br /> • Centre for Global Health Research<br /> (CGHR)<br /> • Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases<br /> Control Research (CIPDCR)<br /> • Centre for Microbiology Research (CMR)<br /> • Centre for Public Health Research (CPHR)<br /> • Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research<br /> (CRDR)<br /> • Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug<br /> Research (CTMDR)<br /> • Centre for Virus Research (CVR)<br /> • Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of<br /> International Parasite Control<br /> • KEMRI Graduate School of Health Sciences<br /> • Health Safety and Environment<br /> • Production Centre<br /> Research committees<br /> KEMRI has four major research committees,<br /> which coordinate activities at KEMRI. Each<br /> committee has a multi-disciplinary group<br /> of experts from KEMRI, the universities and<br /> relevant ministries and Government agencies.<br /> They are the Infectious Diseases Control<br /> Research Programme, Parasitic Diseases<br /> Research Programme, Ethical Review Committee<br /> and Scientific committees.<br /> Research at KEMRI<br /> Four categories of people are permitted<br /> to carry out research at KEMRI: Research<br /> officers, technologists, visiting scientists<br /> and research associate scientists. KEMRI<br /> recognises three categories of collaborating<br /> research personnel: Self-supporting, non-selfsupporting<br /> and partially-supported visiting<br /> scientists</div> <div>agriculture grew from negative 3 per<br /> cent to 5.4 per cent between 2002<br /> and 2006. The new ministry has<br /> broken new ground by marshalling<br /> resources and making the future of<br /> the five million residents brighter.<br /> Grand plans<br /> Northern Kenya will get about Sh14<br /> billion ($186.4 million) annually<br /> from Government to finance key<br /> projects. In five years, the Government<br /> will spend Sh52.5 billion<br /> ($698.1 million) in a strategic plan<br /> covering up to 2012.<br /> The ministry plans to spend<br /> Sh11.56 billion ($153.7 million) in<br /> 2009/2010 to implement projects<br /> in arid and semi-arid areas. The<br /> Government will also implement a<br /> European Union-funded disaster<br /> emergency response project that<br /> will cost Sh628 million ($8.4 million).<br /> About Sh2.5 billion ($33.8<br /> million) has been allocated to the<br /> Arid Lands Resource Management<br /> Project for drought management<br /> and other challenges.<br /> Besides irrigation, the ministry<br /> plans to improve the people’s livelihood<br /> by equipping them with skills<br /> on planning, early conflict warning<br /> and response. Using monthly bulletins,<br /> the ministry plans to provide<br /> early warning systems to alert the<br /> people about changing weather<br /> conditions and enable them to manage<br /> drought.<br /> So far, 336 monthly bulletins<br /> have been printed since 2008. An<br /> additional 672 are planned for the<br /> next two years to boost response to<br /> early warning signs, declaration of<br /> drought emergency, get feedback<br /> and provide technical assistance.<br /> Steering groups have been trained<br /> in drought management in six districts.<br /> The ministry is constructing three<br /> canals in irrigation schemes in Mandera,<br /> Turkana and Garissa districts.<br /> It has also allocated Sh532 million<br /> ($7.1 million) to fund water projects<br /> in Maralal, Wajir, Marsabit, Turkana,<br /> Fafi, Mandera, Kajiado Central,<br /> Kilifi, Kyuso and Kieni. The ministry<br /> plans to ensure that at least 25,000<br /> residents of Wajir town have access<br /> to water and sanitation services<br /> through the creation of Wajir Water<br /> and Sanitation Company.<br /> The project will be replicated<br /> in Marsabit, Maralal and Moyale<br /> where similar organisations will be<br /> established and 65,000 residents<br /> provided with safe water and sanitation<br /> services.<br /> The construction of a 54km canal<br /> connecting Tana River and Garissa<br /> districts will offer additional water<br /> to the residents in the delta once<br /> the project is completed in 2011. At<br /> the same time, an ambitious waterharvesting<br /> project has been implemented<br /> in Gurufa, Gabaya, Griftu,<br /> Fafi, Bute, Turkana and Kitui to<br /> mitigate chronic water scarcity. This<br /> will boost water availability in arid<br /> areas, especially when three major<br /> projects are completed in 2012.<br /> Construction of a university in the<br /> region starts in 2010. It will boost<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 945</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 52<br /> acceptance was due to the fact that<br /> they used schools to rehabilitate<br /> slaves who had been returned after<br /> capture by Arabs. The Arabs had<br /> established themselves earlier on<br /> the coast, and introduced some<br /> schools where they taught the<br /> Koran. Thus, the Christian missionaries<br /> had to move further inland,<br /> away from the Muslims, where<br /> they could easily rehabilitate the<br /> returned slaves. With the construc-<br /> Table 1: Population trends<br /> (1897 - 2009)<br /> Year<br /> Population (million)<br /> 1897 2.5<br /> 1948 5.4<br /> 1962 8.6<br /> 1969 10.9<br /> 1979 15.3<br /> 1989 21.4<br /> 1999 28.7<br /> 2009 38.6</div> <div>Economy, Health Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 390<br /> technical and financial support from<br /> the World Health Organisation,<br /> Management Sciences for Health,<br /> UNICEF, the KEMRI/Wellcome<br /> Trust Programme, the Department<br /> for International Development,<br /> Population Services International<br /> and Roll Back Malaria.<br /> Health reforms<br /> The Government aims to provide<br /> equitable health care to all citizens<br /> by restructuring health delivery<br /> systems to emphasise preventive<br /> and promotive health care. The<br /> emphasis is on access, equity,<br /> quality, capacity and institutional<br /> frameworks.<br /> ■ The Kenya Health Policy Framework<br /> strategy aims at: Ensuring<br /> equitable allocation of Government<br /> resources to reduce disparities<br /> in health status<br /> ■ Increasing cost-effectiveness and<br /> efficiency of resource allocation<br /> and use<br /> ■ Managing population growth<br /> ■ Enhancing the regulatory role<br /> of Government in health care<br /> provision<br /> ■ Creating an enabling environment<br /> for increased private sector<br /> and community involvement in<br /> service provision and financing.<br /> ■ Increasing funding to the health<br /> sector<br /> Occupational Health<br /> and Safety<br /> The Directorate of Occupational<br /> Health and Safety Services is<br /> Mater Hospital<br /> It was opened in 1962<br /> by the Sisters of Mercy,<br /> a Catholic Order of Nuns<br /> from Ireland. They first<br /> set up a 60-bed hospital<br /> for poor Kenyans. The<br /> colonial authorities gave<br /> them 12 acres of land<br /> in a swampy, mosquitoinfested<br /> area, which has<br /> since become the Industrial<br /> Area of Nairobi. In<br /> 1970, a 60-bed maternity<br /> ward was opened.<br /> In 1972, in recognition<br /> of training midwives,<br /> Mater was chartered as<br /> a School of Midwifery. In<br /> 1975, six offices for consultants<br /> were opened.<br /> The hospital has a<br /> strategic alliance with<br /> the International Centre<br /> for Scientific Culture -<br /> World Laboratory, an<br /> NGO in Switzerland, for<br /> improvement of healthcare<br /> in the developing<br /> world.<br /> www.materkenya.com<br /> mandated to enforce the Factories<br /> and Other Places of Work Act.<br /> Prevention of occupational<br /> accidents, health and diseases<br /> requires inspection of workplaces.<br /> They are largely in the industrial<br /> classes in the economic sector<br /> — agriculture, fishing, quarrying,<br /> manufacturing, electricity,<br /> gas supply, water supply and<br /> construction.<br /> New workplace improvement<br /> notices are issued to ensure<br /> compliance before registration.<br /> Certificates can then be issued.</div> <div>Environment<br /> The ozone layer<br /> Act provides regulatory control over emission<br /> from ships.<br /> The Standards and Enforcement Review<br /> Committee, established by the Environment<br /> Management and Coordination Act, has ratified<br /> two new regulations on air quality and<br /> noise pollution.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 504<br /> Ozone is an irritating,<br /> corrosive, colourless<br /> gas. The ‘ozone layer’<br /> refers to that layer<br /> of the stratosphere,<br /> where more than 90<br /> per cent of the earth’s<br /> ozone resides. The layer<br /> absorbs 97 to 99 per<br /> cent of the sun’s high<br /> frequency ultraviolet<br /> light, which is lethal to<br /> life on earth. Every 1<br /> per cent decrease in the<br /> ozone shield increases<br /> the amount of ultraviolet<br /> light exposure<br /> by 2 per cent. Recent<br /> measurements indicate<br /> small UV increases in<br /> rural areas and almost<br /> no increase in areas<br /> near large cities.<br /> www.nas.nasa.gov<br /> Noise<br /> NEMA is also mandated to implement new<br /> regulations prohibiting loud, unreasonable,<br /> unnecessary or unusual noise or vibration<br /> that annoys, disturbs, injures or endangers<br /> comfort, health or safety of others and the<br /> environment.<br /> The authority is to work with Government<br /> institutions, including local authorities, the<br /> Kenya Roads Board, the Ministry of Lands<br /> and Kenya Railways Corporation, to make<br /> strategic noise or vibration maps. The organisations<br /> are expected to develop action plans<br /> to control noise levels and protect silent<br /> zones.<br /> The police, the Provincial Administration<br /> and local authorities will issue permits<br /> for social events and use of public address<br /> systems, while amplifying equipment that<br /> would exceed permissible noise levels will be<br /> licensed by NEMA.<br /> Recycling<br /> Nairobi has a population of about three million<br /> who generate substantial amounts of<br /> solid waste. But solid waste management,<br /> one of the most visible environmental problems,<br /> has been neglected. The poor state<br /> of solid waste management is attributed to<br /> insufficient funding, a shortage of equipment<br /> and absence of a systematic approach to<br /> tackling the issue.<br /> The Local Government Act empowers</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya’s most important natural heritage is her people<br /> — they are skilled, educated, experienced and<br /> productive. They are the force behind Kenya’s vibrant<br /> economy and they have spread to all parts of the<br /> world — East Africa, the rest of Africa, Europe and<br /> the Americas have felt the impact of Kenyans. They are in business,<br /> academia, professions, entertainment and sport, among others.<br /> Their diversity, traditions, customs and practices create a totality of<br /> the distinct people that are<br /> Kenyans. They work together,<br /> compete and interact in<br /> many ways. Kenya is multicultural,<br /> multi-national and<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> multi-ethnic with a many<br /> 42<br /> languages, religions and<br /> lifestyles. What is more?<br /> It is the only country in<br /> Africa with the three major<br /> linguistic groups — Bantu,<br /> Nilotes and Cushites.<br /> Location<br /> Kenya is in eastern Africa and<br /> borders Sudan and Ethiopia<br /> in the north, Somalia in the<br /> east, Uganda in the west and<br /> Tanzania in the south. The<br /> Indian Ocean is in the<br /> Number of communities<br /> in Kenya, which comprise<br /> the Bantu, Nilotes and<br /> Cushites<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 41</div> <div>Distribution of communities in Kenya<br /> (Courtesy, National Museums of Kenya)<br /> cash crop farmers and the Saamia<br /> fishermen and traders.<br /> The linguistic groupings form<br /> the rich cultural diversity that is the<br /> basis of Kenya’s development, social<br /> cohesion and peace.<br /> The diversity is a national driving<br /> force linguistically, economically<br /> and politically. Groups share many<br /> similarities and differences within<br /> and among themselves.<br /> Others<br /> Kenya’s population is largely African<br /> but there are minorities: Asians<br /> (Indians, Pakistanis and Goans) and<br /> Europeans. National and official<br /> languages. After independence in<br /> 1963, the Government set policies<br /> on languages. Kiswahili was identified<br /> as the national language, and<br /> English as the official one. Kiswahili<br /> has a heavy base in Bantu languages<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 47</div> <div>Funding research at KEMRI<br /> It comes from two main sources: Government<br /> at about 40 per cent and research projects,<br /> which is about 60 per cent. All research<br /> grants awarded to a member of staff must be<br /> sent to the director for disbursement. KEMRI<br /> has links with many institutions locally<br /> and abroad. The local collaborators are the<br /> ministries of Health, Education and Higher<br /> Education, Science and Technology, Kenyatta<br /> National Hospital and the public universities.<br /> (www.kemri.org)<br /> KARI centres<br /> KARI Centre Network<br /> KARI Biotechnology Centre<br /> KARI Embu<br /> KARI Garissa<br /> KARI Kabete<br /> KARI Kakamega<br /> KARI Katumani<br /> KARI Kiboko<br /> KARI Kibos<br /> KARI Kisii<br /> KARI Kiltale<br /> KARI Lanet<br /> KARI Marsabit<br /> KARI Molo<br /> KARI Mtwapa<br /> KARI Muguga North<br /> KARI Muguga South<br /> KARI Muguga TRC<br /> KARI Mwea<br /> KARI Naivasha<br /> KARI Njoro<br /> KARI Perkerra<br /> KARI Thika<br /> KARI Tigoni<br /> www.kari.org/centres<br /> Kenya Forestry Research Institute<br /> (KEFRI)<br /> KEFRI was established in 1986 under the Science<br /> and Technology Act to research on forestry<br /> and other similar natural resources. The<br /> following are KEFRI’s achievements:<br /> • Guidelines on Participatory Forest Management<br /> have been developed to support<br /> the New Forest Act<br /> • Piloted management and control of prosopis<br /> juliflora, an invasive dryland species<br /> • Developed planted and management protocols<br /> for melia volkensii (mukau) in the<br /> dry areas for timber<br /> • Initiated domestication and use of aloe<br /> species<br /> • Introduced exotic bamboo and developed<br /> management and use of local and exotic<br /> species<br /> • Generated knowledge and capacity of<br /> extension and local communities in harvesting,<br /> handling and marketing of gums<br /> and resins<br /> • Developed fast growing ‘eucalyptus grandis’<br /> for better wood production<br /> • Introduced biological agents for control of<br /> cypress aphid<br /> Increased annual production of tree seeds<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 903</div> <div>enhance innovation and promote online<br /> business.<br /> Several initiatives have provided links<br /> between ICT and agriculture, pastoralism,<br /> entrepreneurship and provision of employment<br /> information. Good examples are the<br /> use of mobile phone text messaging to inform<br /> farmers of market prices and sending alerts.<br /> Cooperatives and the economy<br /> They have a major impact on the economy.<br /> The movement employs 250,000 people and<br /> the number is expected to grow as societies<br /> diversify. Sacco members across the country<br /> have mobilised in excess of Sh210 billion<br /> ($2.8 billion) in shares and deposits. Through<br /> cooperatives, Kenyans have improved their<br /> lives and acquired property in major towns<br /> Ushirika Centre<br /> It is situated at the<br /> Cooperative College of<br /> Kenya and was set up in<br /> 2006. It caters for senior<br /> staff members of the<br /> cooperative movement,<br /> seminar participants from<br /> the Civil Service and the<br /> private sector. The targets<br /> are Government workshops,<br /> non-governmental organisations,<br /> local and foreign tourists,<br /> business personnel and<br /> events such as birthday and<br /> wedding parties. It charges<br /> Sh2,500 ($3.15) for full<br /> board residence a day. Nonresidents<br /> pay Sh700 ($8.75)<br /> a day. Laptops, LCD, public<br /> address system and flip<br /> charts are provided.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 721</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya’s economy is the biggest in eastern Africa with a<br /> Sh2.6 trillion ($32.5 billion) Gross Domestic Product<br /> (GDP). Its financial system and capital markets are not<br /> only strong, but also very vibrant. The 2010-2011 Budget<br /> was a whopping Sh998.8 billion ($12.475 billion),<br /> just Sh1.2 billion ($15 million) short of Sh1 trillion ($12.5 billion). In<br /> the 2009/2010, the Budget was Sh887 billion ($11.5 billion), with<br /> about 85 per cent funded<br /> from local revenues. In the<br /> last seven years, revenue<br /> collections have more than<br /> tripled and this has given the<br /> country the much-needed<br /> independence to implement<br /> projects without interference.<br /> Nairobi Stock Exchange is<br /> a vibrant bourse with local<br /> and international investors.<br /> The market capitalisation is a<br /> massive Sh1.1 trillion ($13.3<br /> billion) and the 20-Share<br /> Index has gone past the 4,600<br /> point mark. In 2007, the<br /> index had hit the 6,000 mark.<br /> The bond market has grown<br /> from strength to strength and<br /> has become a source of funds<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> 2.6<br /> Number in trillions of<br /> shillings that’s Kenya’s<br /> GDP<br /> www.gfmag.com<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 187</div> <div>Facts on COMESA<br /> 19 member States<br /> • Population of 390<br /> million<br /> • $32 billion annual<br /> import bill<br /> • $82 billion export bill<br /> • 12 million sq km<br /> geographical area<br /> • Policy-making Council of<br /> Ministers<br /> • 12 technical committees<br /> • Headquarters and<br /> secretariat are based in<br /> Lusaka, Zambia<br /> www.comesa.int<br /> AU organs<br /> Assembly<br /> It is the supreme organ of the Union and<br /> comprises Heads of State and Government<br /> or their representatives.<br /> Executive Council<br /> Composed of ministers or designated authorities<br /> of members States.<br /> AU Commission<br /> Composed of the chairperson, deputy chairperson,<br /> eight commissioners and staff members.<br /> Each commissioner is responsible for a<br /> portfolio.<br /> Permanent Representatives’ Committee<br /> Composed of Permanent Representatives<br /> of member States accredited to the Union. It<br /> prepares the work of the Executive Council.<br /> Pan-African Parliament<br /> It was established in 2004 as one of the nine<br /> organs provided for in the Treaty Establishing<br /> the African Economic Community signed<br /> in Abuja , Nigeria, in 1991. The Parliament<br /> is meant to provide a common platform for<br /> African peoples and for grassroots organisations<br /> to be involved in decision-making on<br /> the problems and challenges facing the continent.<br /> It sits in Midrand, South Africa. The ultimate<br /> aim of the Parliament is to evolve into<br /> an institution with full legislative powers, and<br /> members elected by universal adult suffrage.<br /> ECOSOCC<br /> The Economic, Social and Cultural Council is<br /> an advisory body of the AU designed to give<br /> civil society organisations a voice in AU institutions<br /> and decision-making processes. Civil<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 709</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> TABLE 6: STUDENT ENROLMENT BY GENDER IN UNIVERSITIES, 2004/05 - 2008/09<br /> INSTITUTION 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10<br /> Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female<br /> Public Universities<br /> Nairobi 21940 11765 22513 12426 23513 12826 24162 13253 27,159 15,201<br /> Full Time 10800 5425 10858 5536 11340 5714 11624 5857 14,527 7,800<br /> Part Time 11140 6340 11655 6890 12173 7112 12538 7396 12,632 7,401<br /> Kenyatta 10896 4787 8845 7891 10172 8425 10652 8713 15,615 10,876<br /> Full Time 4356 2947 5066 3285 5826 3507 6176 3647 12,566 8,444<br /> Part Time 6540 1840 3779 4606 4346 4918 4476 5066 3,049 2,432<br /> Moi 6831 5314 8604 6059 8674 6158 8982 6378 13,600 6,699<br /> Full Time 4311 3200 5654 3554 5700 3612 5928 3756 7,587 4,024<br /> Part Time 2520 2114 2950 2505 2974 2546 3054 2622 6,013 2,675<br /> Egerton 6262 2236 8163 4006 8262 4205 8666 4416 9036 4451<br /> Full Time 5322 1890 7319 3383 7408 3551 7778 3729 7920 3521<br /> Part Time 940 346 844 623 854 654 888 687 1116 930<br /> Jomo Kenyatta (JKUAT) 4207 1673 4460 1845 5450 2512 5723 2595 6510 3206<br /> Full Time 2240 1016 2176 524 2659 713 2792 742 3557 1274<br /> Part Time 1967 657 2284 1321 2791 1799 2931 1853 2953 1932<br /> Maseno 2826 1878 2778 1937 3487 2199 3603 2258 3331 2176<br /> Full Time 2106 1420 1888 1277 2370 1450 2441 1494 2097 1351<br /> Special 720 458 890 660 1117 749 1162 764 1234 825<br /> Masinde Muliro 775 287 1154 656 946 278 965 284 4119 2584<br /> Full Time 420 182 620 422 508 179 518 183 2596 1741<br /> Part Time 355 105 534 234 438 99 447 101 1523 843<br /> SUB-TOTAL 53737 27940 56517 34820 60504 36603 62753 37897<br /> Private Universities<br /> Private Accredited 4215 4624 8975 6973 9688 10469 10172 10992 16,728 12,300<br /> Private Unaccredited 853 947 2853 2091 583 392 618 416 3989 2162<br /> SUB-TOTAL 5068 5571 11828 9064 10271 10861 10790 11408 20,717 14,462<br /> TOTAL 58805 33511 68345 43884 70775 47464 73543 49305<br /> GRAND TOTAL 112229 118239 122848<br /> Source: Commission of Higher Education, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology *Provisional<br /> 374<br /> </div> <div>Annualised<br /> capital<br /> Total<br /> 8,340,000 65,620,000<br /> 1,208,367,670 4,887,928,192<br /> 869,208,606 3,417,564,976<br /> 5,633,333,168 17,707,095,639<br /> 371,581,873 2,580,280,308<br /> 385,456,530 4,294,200,472<br /> know that malaria causes anaemia or neonatal<br /> and maternal death.<br /> Only 40 per cent of service providers are<br /> able to accurately state the effects of malaria<br /> during pregnancy.<br /> One major achievement under the<br /> Behaviour Change Communication<br /> component was the development of a<br /> communications strategy in 2005.<br /> 12,941,071 69,783,564<br /> 1,255,283,892 3,164,818,479<br /> 2,273,099,348 3,481,739,123<br /> 12,508,573 41,802,615<br /> 3,138,209,731 8,164,818,479<br /> 1,729,532,113 3,481,739,123<br /> 385,456,530 1,672,917,947<br /> 70,881,916 398,427,920<br /> - 1,426,641,421<br /> - 141,366,834<br /> - 2,869,545,758<br /> 17,354,201,022 61,390,131,210<br /> 28.0% 100.0%<br /> Clinical Officers Council<br /> It was established in 1989<br /> to regulate training, registration<br /> and licensing of clinical<br /> officers. The Council inspects<br /> institutions that train, approves<br /> curricula and registers students<br /> trained in approved institutions.<br /> Until recently, it only assessed<br /> students trained outside the<br /> country. Even local graduates<br /> have a registration exam. The<br /> Council gives a licenses in the<br /> public and private sector.<br /> http://clinicalofficerscouncil.com<br /> Monitoring and evaluation<br /> The Division of Malaria Control undertook<br /> the first Malaria Indicator Survey in 2007<br /> to provide comprehensive information on<br /> progress towards malaria control targets.<br /> Through various national and sentinel<br /> surveys, the division has been able to<br /> generate information to meet the Abuja<br /> targets, MDGs as well as other targets within<br /> the ministry’s annual operational plans. <br /> Scaling up of malaria control interventions<br /> has reversed declining health trends,<br /> especially between 2002 and 2007.<br /> In 2006, there was mass distribution of<br /> LLTNs in 46 districts.<br /> Others have been distributed through<br /> clinics and marketing.<br /> Routine data from the national Health<br /> Management Information System and<br /> weekly reports from Integrated Disease<br /> Surveillance and Response show a gradual<br /> decrease in malaria cases.<br /> Partner support<br /> Implementation of the National Malaria<br /> Strategy is spearheaded by the Health<br /> ministry and coordinated by the Division<br /> of Malaria Control. Partnership in malaria<br /> control involves the private sector, NGOs and<br /> bilateral and multilateral partners.<br /> The malaria programme has received<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 389</div> <div>Minister for Information and Communication:<br /> The Hon. Samuel Poghisio, EGH., PM<br /> Permanent Secretary for Information and Communication:<br /> Dr. Bitange Ndemo, CBS<br /> Board Chairman: Esther Kamweru<br /> KYEB Board Members<br /> Chief Executive Officer: Denis Chebitwey<br /> Consulting Editor: Prof. M.D. Kagombe<br /> Editorial Manager: Munyori Buku<br /> Production Manager: Edward Mwasi<br /> Photography Coordination: Image Hunters<br /> Kenya Yearbook Editorial Board<br /> P.O.Box 34045 00100<br /> NHIF Building 4th Floor<br /> Nairobi<br /> Tel 020 2715390<br /> 0711 944 538<br /> info@kenyayearbook.go.ke<br /> ISBN: 978-9966-1517-0-4<br /> All Rights Reserved<br /> Copyright 2010<br /> Extracts may be published if the source is duly acknowledged</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 486</div> <div>mated at 65,000. The families were<br /> to be settled in 23 villages and to be<br /> supported through agricultural production.<br /> Cotton was the main cash<br /> crop and farmers were to cultivate<br /> 1.25 hectare plot each a year. Maize<br /> and groundnuts were the main food<br /> crops and farmers were to cultivate<br /> 0.65 hectares plot each a year. For<br /> vegetables and other legumes, farmers<br /> were to cultivate 0.05ha plot, and<br /> choose what crops to grow<br /> The construction of Phase I ended<br /> in 1982. At the start of implementation,<br /> the Government scaled down<br /> the project to 3,900 hectares. This<br /> curtailed some components — gravity<br /> water supply system, ginnery and<br /> staff housing. Currently, the project<br /> irrigates 1,000 hectares with a<br /> population is 2,245. Because of lack<br /> of adequate water, 3,900 hectares<br /> could not be fully used. As a result, a<br /> third of the farmers have gone back<br /> to their rural homes.<br /> The project produced cotton<br /> and maize between 1982 and 1990,<br /> and 2,500 hectares were irrigated.<br /> But in the next 15 years, there was<br /> little or no crop harvest due to lack<br /> of adequate water and frequent<br /> breakdown of the Nanighi Pumping<br /> Station. But in 2003, when President<br /> Kibaki took over the reins of Government,<br /> the scheme management<br /> changed hands from the Ministry<br /> of Agriculture to Ministry of Water<br /> and Irrigation and maize growing<br /> resumed.<br /> One pump was revived, while<br /> seeds and fertiliser were acquired<br /> and distributed free of charge to<br /> farmers. In December 2005, the<br /> scheme again changed hands and<br /> was taken over by the National Irrigation<br /> Board.<br /> Bunyala Irrigation Scheme<br /> Its operations stalled in the<br /> 1999/2000, but it was revived in<br /> 2004. In 2005, the board started an<br /> expansion programme — 80 acres<br /> in Muluwa and 140 acres in Munaka<br /> were developed and supplied with<br /> water. In 2006/07, the infrastructure<br /> to irrigate an additional 100 acres in<br /> Muluwa was developed. An additional<br /> 100 acres were developed in<br /> the 2007/2008 period.<br /> NIB has also improved irrigation<br /> and drainage infrastructure<br /> for Rwabwa Mudembi irrigation<br /> scheme. In 2006/07, two pumps<br /> were installed to boost water supply<br /> in 250 acres.<br /> Mwea Irrigation Scheme<br /> It is in Kirinyaga District. The<br /> scheme is about 100km south-east<br /> of Nairobi. Farming started in 1956<br /> and rice has been the dominant<br /> crop. The scheme has 30,350 acres,<br /> with 16,000 acres developed for<br /> paddy production. The rest of the<br /> scheme is used for settlement,<br /> public utilities, subsistence and horticultural<br /> farming. Two main rivers<br /> — Nyamindi and Thiba — serve the<br /> scheme. Water is abstracted from<br /> the rivers by gravity and fixed intake<br /> weirs, conveyed and distributed<br /> through unlined open channels. A<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 539</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Nothing illustrates the richness of pre-colonial African<br /> thought, indigenous knowledge and understanding<br /> of itself better than oral tradition, oral culture, oral<br /> history and oral lore. These are cultural material and<br /> traditions transmitted orally from one generation to<br /> another. The messages are verbally transmitted in speech or song<br /> and may take the form of folktales, sayings, ballads, songs or chants.<br /> They debunk the shameless, biased and racist views of the early non-<br /> African scholars, who postulated — and wrongly so — that Africa<br /> had no history. This is an argument that is so wrong that it need not<br /> be rebutted here. For, has time not proven such scholars and their<br /> successors and followers for what they really were: Racists without a<br /> cause?<br /> Sociologists emphasise that oral tradition material is held in<br /> common by a group of people, over several generations, and might<br /> distinguish oral tradition from testimony or oral history. In this way,<br /> it is possible for a society to<br /> transmit oral history, oral<br /> literature, oral law and other<br /> knowledge across generations<br /> without a writing sys-<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> tem. In a general sense, ‘oral<br /> ‘68<br /> tradition’ refers to the transmission<br /> of cultural material<br /> through vocal utterance.<br /> As an academic discipline,<br /> it refers to a set of objects<br /> The year the United Nations<br /> of study and a method by<br /> Conference on Trade<br /> and Development held a<br /> which they are studied —<br /> meeting on oral tradition in<br /> the method may be called<br /> Nairobi. UNESCO organised<br /> oral traditional theory or<br /> more meetings on the<br /> the theory of oral formulaic<br /> subject in Cameroon in<br /> composition and the Parry-<br /> 1974 and Tanzania in 1979<br /> Lord Theory (after two of its<br /> founders).<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 87</div> <div>designated an AGOA beneficiary country in<br /> sub-Saharan Africa. The initiative has revitalised<br /> the textiles and apparel industry, resulting<br /> in substantial growth in recent years.<br /> Export flows of apparel to the US grew 14 per<br /> cent from Sh13.8 billion ($172.5 million) in<br /> 2007 to Sh15.7 billion ($196.25 million) the<br /> following year. The sector employs about<br /> 40,000 people.<br /> Some garment enterprises have diversified<br /> to other markets other than the US — Europe,<br /> Canada, Russia, United Arab Emirates, Hong<br /> Kong, Panama and Zimbabwe. In 2008,<br /> goods worth Sh188.8 million ($2.36 million)<br /> were destined for the new markets compared<br /> to Sh33 million ($412,500) in 2007.<br /> To be eligible under AGOA, the following<br /> steps are key:<br /> • Obtain a certificate of registration for<br /> manufacture. Application forms are available<br /> from the Registrar of Industries in the<br /> Ministry of Trade or the nearest district<br /> office. Details of the products intended for<br /> export to the US will be provided.<br /> • The Registrar inspects the premises for<br /> verification of capital equipment, labour<br /> and inputs used or to be used in production<br /> of goods<br /> The Registrar prepares four copies of the<br /> certificate of registration and distributes them<br /> as follows:<br /> • Original to the applicant<br /> • Duplicate to the Director<br /> • Department of External Trade<br /> • Triplicate to the Customs Department<br /> The Registrar retains the quadruplicate<br /> The certificate is issued annually to registered<br /> manufacturers and they are required to<br /> apply for amendments to the certificate every<br /> time alterations, such as a change of equipment<br /> in the business premises, take place<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 777</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 412<br /> Police commissioners<br /> since Independence<br /> Richard Cartling<br /> 1963-1965<br /> Bernard Hinga<br /> 1965-1978<br /> Ben Gethi<br /> 1978-1982<br /> Bernard Njinu<br /> 1982-1988<br /> Philip Kilonzo<br /> 1988-1991<br /> Shadrack Kiruki<br /> 1991-1996<br /> Duncan Wachira<br /> 1996-1999<br /> Philip Abong’o<br /> 1999-2003<br /> Edwin Nyaseda<br /> 2003-2004<br /> Hussein Ali<br /> 2004-2009<br /> Mathew Iteere<br /> 2009- to date<br /> www.nation.co.ke<br /> tion branches. In 1955, the CID Training<br /> School in South C, Nairobi, was started and<br /> taught criminal investigation, detective work<br /> and prosecution duties. A Special Branch<br /> Training School within the CID School was<br /> inaugurated in 1958.<br /> The CID has come a long way and its headquarters<br /> today are at the ultra-modern Mazingira<br /> Complex off- Kiambu Road in Nairobi.<br /> Traffic Police<br /> The first traffic section was established in<br /> 1954 at police headquarters in Nairobi.<br /> Its mandate was to monitor and maintain<br /> records of traffic-related cases. In 1960, the<br /> Nairobi Area Traffic Branch was formed. A<br /> After staff officer traffic was appointed and<br /> training of officers followed and they were<br /> posted to Machakos, Kiambu, Nyeri and<br /> Nakuru.<br /> In 1973, the Highway Traffic Operations<br /> was created and SK Raval was appointed the<br /> first Commandant. Additional Traffic Patrol<br /> Bases were established in Makindu, Naivasha,<br /> Kisumu, Eldoret, Mombasa, Voi and Nairobi.<br /> Mariakani and Athi River Weighbridges<br /> became operational in 1976 and 1979 respectively.<br /> Thereafter, more bases were opened in<br /> other districts. In 1985, the Highway Traffic<br /> Operations changed to Police Traffic Department.<br /> In 2003, the department was restructured<br /> and all the bases were handed over to<br /> Provincial Police Officers for administrative<br /> and operational management.<br /> In 2005, the Commissioner of Police established<br /> the Highway Patrol Unit under the<br /> Traffic Department. Its role is to curb highway<br /> robbery and to enforce traffic rules. It also<br /> investigates road accidents, provides free flow<br /> of traffic on the roads and escorts VIPs.</div> <div>Cooperatives and Marketing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 726<br /> Pioneer cooperatives<br /> The first cooperative<br /> society in the world<br /> was formed in 1844 in<br /> Rochdale, England. In<br /> Kenya, the first, Lumbwa<br /> Cooperative Society,<br /> was formed in 1908<br /> by European farmers<br /> to buy fertiliser, chemicals,<br /> seeds and other<br /> farm inputs. The first<br /> legislation on cooperatives<br /> — Co-operative<br /> Societies Ordinance —<br /> was enacted in 1931.<br /> The Kenya Cooperative<br /> Creameries (KCC) was<br /> the first cooperative to<br /> be registered in 1931.<br /> The Kenya Farmers<br /> Association (KFA) followed.<br /> The Kenya<br /> Planters Co-operative<br /> Union (KPCU) was<br /> registered in 1937<br /> and the Horticultural<br /> Co-operative Union in<br /> 1951.<br /> www.co-opbank.co.ke<br /> care and insurance protection, the insurer<br /> is also working with cooperatives, microfinance<br /> institutions, jua kali associations and<br /> other formal groups to make social health<br /> care a reality. The firm’s strategic plan for<br /> 2009-2013 aims at improving the company’s<br /> standing among the big league insurers in<br /> Kenya and the region.<br /> Co-operative College of Kenya<br /> The college started in 1952 when a training<br /> centre was established at Jeans School,<br /> Kabete, for the training of Government cooperative<br /> inspectors, who were subsequently<br /> given the responsibility of overseeing the<br /> activities of cooperatives. In 1961, the centre<br /> was phased out and a School of Cooperation<br /> started at the Kenya Institute of Administration<br /> to train Government officials at certificate<br /> and diploma levels. In May 1967, the<br /> School of Cooperation was moved out of KIA<br /> to a site on Allen Road (presently Daystar<br /> University Campus near Nairobi Hospital).<br /> Cooperative College of Kenya at Karen,<br /> Nairobi, was established in 1967 to improve<br /> the training of cooperative officials and<br /> employees. It teaches, researches and offers<br /> consultancy services to cooperatives and<br /> related associations. It offers certificate,<br /> diploma, degree and basic management and<br /> specialised courses in cooperative development<br /> and management. The certificate<br /> courses are in cooperative administration,<br /> cooperative business administration and<br /> banking, and targets managers, supervisors,<br /> cashiers, tellers, book keepers, clerks and<br /> recorders at cooperative societies.<br /> Diploma courses are in cooperative management<br /> and banking, while the degree programme<br /> is in cooperative business. The college<br /> has two campuses — Town and Shirika.</div> <div>Economy, Health Finance and Planning<br /> Mukumu Mission<br /> Hospital<br /> St Elizabeth Hospital<br /> in Kakamega, also<br /> called Mukumu Mission<br /> Hospital, was<br /> founded in 1938 by<br /> Catholic Ursiline Sisters.<br /> Since then, it has<br /> expanded to its current<br /> size of 240 beds.<br /> Annually, more than<br /> 6,000 patients are<br /> admitted and 14,000<br /> out patients treated.<br /> The hospital belongs<br /> to the Catholic Diocese<br /> of Kakamega. It<br /> has a nursing training<br /> school that offers<br /> basic and post-basic<br /> diploma upgrading<br /> courses as distance<br /> learners.<br /> http://mukumu-hospital.org<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 380<br /> In 2009-2010, the Government<br /> allocated funds under the economic<br /> stimulus programme to expand<br /> health facilities (Sh5 million or<br /> $62,500) recruit nurses (20) and<br /> five community health workers, and<br /> provide medical kits (Sh5 million)<br /> in each constituency. Money was<br /> also given to buy five motorcycles<br /> and 30 bicycles. This was meant<br /> to improve healthcare in the rural<br /> areas. Funds were also given to build<br /> a maternal and child care ward in<br /> each constituency. The tenders<br /> were awarded and construction is<br /> progressing well.<br /> In 2010-2011, the Government<br /> has allocated Sh1 billion ($12.5<br /> million) for the recruitment of<br /> additional 15 nurses and five<br /> public health technicians. To boost<br /> preventive healthcare, Sh265 million<br /> ($3.3 million) was allocated to buy<br /> five additional motorcycles, employ<br /> 10 community health workers and<br /> provide medical supplies in each<br /> constituency.<br /> The Government also gave<br /> Sh5 million for the expansion of<br /> healthcare facilities children and<br /> adults’ wards in each constituency.<br /> Healthcare facilities will also receive<br /> 300 ambulances.<br /> In the 2010-2011 Budget, Sh4.4<br /> billion ($55 million) was allocated<br /> to buy drugs and Sh900 million</div> <div>offers warehousing services. A customer is<br /> charged every month depending on the area<br /> occupied. It leases minor equipment such as<br /> elevators and mobile weighing scales. The<br /> equipment is used to lift and weigh grains.<br /> Rice<br /> Rice is Kenya’s third staple food after maize<br /> and wheat. Its consumption has been growing<br /> rapidly and it is likely to overtake wheat.<br /> Local production is estimated at between<br /> 35,000 and 50,000 metric tonnes, while consumption<br /> is between 180,000 and 250,000<br /> tonnes.<br /> About 95 per cent of rice in Kenya is grown<br /> under irrigation in paddy schemes managed<br /> by the National Irrigation Board (NIB. The<br /> remaining five per cent is rain fed. The<br /> average unit production under irrigation is<br /> 5.5 tonnes a hectare for the aromatic variety,<br /> and seven tonnes for non-aromatic varieties.<br /> Unit yield for rain-fed rice production is<br /> slightly below two tonnes a hectare. (See<br /> chapter on Water and Irrigation)<br /> Kenya’s flowers<br /> dazzle the world<br /> The floriculture sub-sector<br /> has recorded the highest<br /> growth in volume and value<br /> of cut flowers exported over<br /> the years, with Kenya attaining<br /> the lead supplier status<br /> to the European Union. Kenya<br /> contributes over 35 per cent<br /> of all flower sales, followed<br /> by Columbia with 17 per cent<br /> and Israel 16 per cent. The<br /> main European Union markets<br /> are Holland, the United<br /> Kingdom, Germany, France<br /> and Switzerland.<br /> www.kenyaflowercouncil.org/<br /> marketdata<br /> Cash crop economy<br /> Kenya’s agricultural economy comprises<br /> a well-developed commercial sector and a<br /> predominantly subsistence-oriented sector<br /> in rural areas.<br /> Agricultural activities range from intensive<br /> crop production and mixed farming in<br /> areas that receive heavy rainfall to cattle<br /> ranching in the dry parts of the country.<br /> Major agricultural products are tea, coffee,<br /> horticulture, maize, wheat, sugarcane, dairy<br /> products, cotton, sisal, pyrethrum and<br /> cashew nuts. Cash crops contribute 50 per<br /> cent of export earnings with horticulture,<br /> coffee, tea, tobacco, cotton, sisal, pyrethrum,<br /> and cashew nuts leading the way. Fruits<br /> K EK NE YN A Y A Y EY AE RA BR OB O K O K 2 02 0 91 0<br /> 301</div> <div>Climate change and<br /> malaria epidemics<br /> There is a relationship<br /> between climate change<br /> and malaria. A rainy season<br /> that is warm and wet, followed<br /> by a dry season,<br /> breeds epidemics. Changes<br /> in temperature affect the<br /> development of malaria<br /> parasites and mosquitoes.<br /> Rainfall influences the<br /> availability of mosquito<br /> habitats and size of mosquito<br /> populations. Malaria<br /> epidemics first appeared<br /> in Kenya’s highlands in<br /> the 1920s. In recent years,<br /> malaria outbreaks have<br /> been contained.<br /> www.nationalgeographic.<br /> com<br /> system for climate change and disaster risk<br /> dissemination.<br /> Various mechanisms have been implemented<br /> to combat the effects of climate<br /> change through various ministries and parastatals,<br /> including NEMA, which is leading a<br /> team of researchers to study climate change<br /> in northern Kenya in a project funded by the<br /> International Development Research Centre<br /> (IDRC). The Government also advocates<br /> reforestation, afforestation and adoption of<br /> alternative sources of energy to reduce greenhouse<br /> gases that fuel destruction of the ozone<br /> layer. The work includes harnessing solar,<br /> geothermal and wind energy.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 501</div> <div>youth in positive productive activities<br /> and improving security by keeping<br /> them occupied. (See chapter on<br /> Sports and Youth).<br /> Economic stimulus<br /> The Sh22 billion ($275 million)<br /> economic stimulus package was<br /> launched in July 2009 to spur<br /> economy growth and cushion the<br /> population against the vagaries of<br /> weather and the after-effects of the<br /> post-election violence. The two<br /> had impacted negatively on the<br /> country’s agriculture-dependent<br /> economy, resulting in a decline in<br /> food production. The funds were<br /> set aside in the 2009-2010 financial<br /> year for the construction of model<br /> secondary and primary schools,<br /> horticultural markets, jua kali sheds<br /> and public health centres in all the<br /> 210 constituencies.<br /> It was expanded to include the<br /> construction of computer centres,<br /> and recruitment of key staff such as<br /> teachers, nurses and community<br /> health officers in each constituency.<br /> Tenders were awarded for the construction<br /> of public health centres,<br /> horticultural markets and jua kali<br /> sheds in 170 constituencies. This<br /> cost the Treasury about Sh5.6 billion<br /> ($70 million). The ESP has been<br /> extended into the 2010-2011 financial<br /> year.<br /> The stimulus package has helped<br /> reduce the maize production deficit<br /> in 2010 from six million bags to<br /> four million. The stimulus package<br /> money was also used to feed the<br /> hungry and subsidise the prices of<br /> fertiliser.<br /> Implementation of the programme,<br /> which was expected end<br /> in December 2009, took longer than<br /> expected due to consultation with<br /> relevant stakeholders. Selection<br /> of projects was carefully done to<br /> ensure they have a rapid impact on<br /> the targeted population.<br /> Taxation<br /> The Government has reformed the<br /> tax system in order to streamline<br /> revenue administration systems and<br /> improve efficiency in tax collection<br /> and taxpayer services. This boosted<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 199</div> <div>board registers the contracts after<br /> inspecting and analysing the coffee<br /> for quality and value.<br /> There are two categories of<br /> marketing agents: Commercial<br /> Marketing Agents who offer services<br /> for commercial purposes and<br /> Grower Marketers who are growers<br /> licensed to market their own coffee.<br /> Coffee beans are wet-processed<br /> and graded by the size of the bean<br /> — AA is the largest followed by<br /> A and B, which are smaller. After<br /> milling, coffee beans are graded<br /> mechanically into various grades,<br /> which differ in size, weight and<br /> shape. Incorporated into the grading<br /> system are colour-sorting machines<br /> which separate high quality coffee<br /> beans from light and defective ones<br /> electronically.<br /> E is the largest of grades in size<br /> and is called ‘Elephant’. Usually,<br /> two seeds are joined together to<br /> form a single cherry. This grade<br /> also includes the large PB beans.<br /> Like PB, this grade is normally in<br /> small quantities in a consignment.<br /> AA has good size formation of large<br /> beans (7.20mm screen) and usually<br /> fetches the highest price. AB is a<br /> combination of two grades — A and<br /> B. AB is regarded as a representative<br /> of other grades in a consignment. It<br /> is also a popular grade and fetches<br /> good prices. PB contains round<br /> beans, which grow as one in a single<br /> cherry. About 10 per cent of coffee<br /> falls in this grade. C’s beans are<br /> smaller than B and most of them<br /> are thin, while TT is omposed of<br /> light beans usually separated from<br /> other grades. T is The smallest and<br /> thinnest of the beans. Most beans in<br /> this grade are broken and faulty. It is<br /> always below the others. MH /ML is<br /> the coffee that has not gone through<br /> wet processing because it was not<br /> picked or fell from the trees after<br /> ripening. About 7 per cent of the<br /> crop falls into this grade. It fetches<br /> lower prices and has sour tasting<br /> liquor.<br /> The grades are subjected to<br /> a vigorous classification by the<br /> Liquoring Department of the CBK.<br /> Cup quality is described as fine<br /> fairer to good, fair to average quality<br /> down to common plain liquor.<br /> Coffee of good raw quality and<br /> appearance with a good roast has<br /> pleasant flavour.<br /> Coffee Board of Kenya<br /> It was established in 1933 and its<br /> role was regulatory. It was charged<br /> with the responsibility of regulating<br /> and marketing coffee. It promotes<br /> competition, production, processing<br /> and value addition, including<br /> branding Kenyan coffee locally and<br /> internationally.<br /> The board formulates policies<br /> and rules for regulation and<br /> registers and licenses coffee<br /> nurseries, growers, pulping stations,<br /> millers, marketing and management<br /> agents, buyers, roasters, packers,<br /> warehousemen and auctioneers to<br /> ensure standards.<br /> It also provides advisory services<br /> related to coffee production and<br /> K EK NE YN A Y A Y EY AE RA BR OB O K O K 2 02 0 91 0<br /> 309</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya has created an environment that recognises<br /> the potential and responsibilities of men and women<br /> in development. Strategies have been developed to<br /> address socio-cultural barriers that contribute to gender<br /> disparities and inability of women and the vulnerable<br /> to realise their full potential. The Ministry of Gender, Women<br /> and Social Welfare was set up to address these issues. In line with<br /> Kenya’s Vision 2030, the mandate of the ministry is to ensure equity,<br /> rights and empowerment of women, men and children by 2012 and<br /> protection, care and participation of men, women and children by<br /> 2012.<br /> The new Constitution (Chapter 2 (10 b) identifies national values to<br /> include human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality,<br /> human rights, non-discrimination and protection of the marginalised.<br /> The Bill of Rights (Chapter<br /> 4) behoves State organs and<br /> public officers to address the<br /> needs of vulnerable groups,<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> including women, older<br /> members of society, people<br /> 30<br /> with disabilities, children,<br /> the youth, minority or marginalised<br /> communities, and<br /> particular ethnic, religious or<br /> cultural communities.<br /> Social Development<br /> It refers to policies and<br /> actions which enhance the<br /> capacity and opportunities<br /> for the poor and vulnerable<br /> to improve and sustain their<br /> livelihoods and welfare. The<br /> policy looks at poverty in an<br /> The least percentage a<br /> presidential directive has<br /> set for women recruited<br /> in the Civil Service,<br /> State corporations and<br /> Governments departments<br /> in recruitment<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 929</div> <div>national attire. Kenya has 42 ethnic<br /> groups who have different traditional<br /> dress styles. The majority of<br /> Kenyans dress more or less Western<br /> style. Along the Coast where a big<br /> part of the population is Muslim,<br /> some dress in Arabic style.<br /> Some communities have largely<br /> kept their traditional dress and<br /> lifestyle. The Maasai, Samburu and<br /> the Turkana, who live in the north<br /> are some of the examples. However,<br /> even among them, Western dress<br /> is making its way, with traditionally<br /> dressed warriors carrying digital<br /> watches and mobile phones. Many<br /> of the other communities have<br /> adopted Western dress.<br /> The red Maasai dress is also a<br /> trademark traditional landmark<br /> of Kenya. It is adorned with beads<br /> and metallic sequins that make it<br /> conspicuous. The colour represents<br /> Maasai love for Mother Earth and<br /> is used to ward off attacks by wild<br /> animals.<br /> There have been several attempts<br /> to create a national dress. Designers<br /> Mary Kadenge and Margaret<br /> Akumu Gould worked on this for<br /> decades. Gould organised the first<br /> ever National Dress Competition in<br /> the 1980s in Nairobi. In the 1990s,<br /> she teamed up with the Kenya<br /> Tourism Foundation and the Ministry<br /> of Culture and Social Services<br /> in the search for a national dress for<br /> national unity.<br /> They organised a National Dress<br /> Competition in which 20 designers<br /> took part. The competition was won<br /> by two designers, Christine Ndambuki<br /> and Wacu of Wacu Designs, for<br /> their ‘his’ and ‘hers’ designs. Wacu<br /> won in the Best Female category<br /> with her cream and brown threepiece<br /> kikoi outfit. Christine’s was a<br /> fiery red Nigerian-inspired gown.<br /> Other designers have made<br /> efforts to Kenyanise the fashion<br /> industry. For instance, Zinduka<br /> Africa, a group of young and upcoming<br /> designers, had dedicated itself to<br /> helping get an accepted dress, but<br /> also to make Kenyans appreciate<br /> and buy the designs and fabrics.<br /> Zinduka held several fashion<br /> shows, including a street show,<br /> where they brought their designs on<br /> Kenyan fabrics right onto the pavements<br /> in the city centre.<br /> In September 2004, after six<br /> months of research, senior politicians,<br /> including then Vice-President<br /> Moody Awori, walked the catwalk<br /> at the Kenya National Theatre to<br /> showcase the new design — colourful<br /> African outfits. The search began<br /> in early 2004, a few months after<br /> three MPs were barred from Parliament<br /> for wearing brightly-coloured<br /> Nigerian robes. Rules dating back<br /> to the colonial era stated that male<br /> MPs must wear suits and ties in the<br /> chamber.<br /> Following this dispute, the Government<br /> and consumer goods<br /> company Unilever Kenya set up<br /> a National Dress Design Team. It<br /> launched a competition among<br /> Kenyan designers to come up with<br /> a design for a national dress and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 153</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 2</div> <div>2007. In 2007, it made an after-tax<br /> profit of Sh95 million and Sh50 million<br /> in 2008.<br /> But the biggest achievement is<br /> that it is lending again. In 2008, the<br /> firm lent Sh250 million ($3.125 million),<br /> up from Sh100 million ($1.25<br /> million) in 2007. IDB Capital grew<br /> its loan book by an additional Sh400<br /> million ($5 million) in 2009. The<br /> recovery has been hinged on two<br /> things: Cost-cutting and better debt<br /> collection.<br /> Staff have been reduced from 50<br /> to 22 and the banking unit was sold<br /> to Equity Bank.<br /> IDB provides medium and longterm<br /> loan finance, equity investments,<br /> guarantees for loans from<br /> other sources and underwriting of<br /> securities. It also provides corporate<br /> advisory services to medium and<br /> large-scale industrial enterprises,<br /> working capital, machinery and<br /> finance.<br /> IDB’s products and services are<br /> short-term working capital, bridging<br /> finance, export-import financing,<br /> letters of credit, management<br /> consultancy and financial advisory<br /> services.<br /> Others are guarantee and indemnity,<br /> asset finance/lease and contract<br /> financing.<br /> It funds sectors such as tourism,<br /> textiles, food and beverages, horticulture<br /> and chemicals and pharmaceuticals.<br /> Others are mineral and mineral<br /> processing, engineering and metal<br /> products, rubber, plastic and leather,<br /> wood, pulp, paper and printing.<br /> Fibre and cordage, communication<br /> and transport and energy are other<br /> sectors funded by IDB Capital.<br /> East African Portland<br /> Cement Company<br /> It started as a trading company<br /> importing cement from England for<br /> construction work in East Africa. It<br /> was formed by Blue Circle Industries<br /> of the UK.<br /> ‘Portland’ was adopted due to<br /> the resemblance of cement to the<br /> portland stone mined on the Isle<br /> of Portland in Dorset, England. In<br /> 1933, the company opened the first<br /> factory in Nairobi’s Industrial Area. It<br /> had one cement mill and imported<br /> clinker from India.<br /> In 1956, the construction of the<br /> Athi River facility started. It was<br /> commissioned in 1958 and consisted<br /> of a Rotary Kiln (Wet), a big<br /> cement mill, which doubled production<br /> capacity.<br /> The company has expanded production<br /> capacity and now produces<br /> more than 1.3 million tonnes of<br /> cement a year.<br /> It is responsible for manufacturing<br /> and marketing cement and cement<br /> products locally and internationally.<br /> This promotes the development of<br /> domestic and international trade.<br /> East African Portland Cement Company<br /> sells its product under Blue<br /> Triangle brand. It conforms to the<br /> Kenya Bureau of Standards. Blue<br /> Triangle is widely used for cementing,<br /> mortar and concrete building.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 803</div> <div>and investment banks to trade in<br /> their offices. Trading was extended<br /> by three hours, between 9am and<br /> 3pm, instead of closing at mid-day.<br /> But the most fundamental<br /> change in the law came through the<br /> Capital Markets (Foreign Investors)<br /> (Amendment) Regulations. This<br /> changed the definition of a foreign<br /> investor to exclude East African<br /> Community (EAC) members of<br /> Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda and<br /> Burundi.<br /> The 2008 Safaricom initial public<br /> offering (IPO) was the first market<br /> share issue to treat East Africans<br /> equally with Kenyan citizens. All<br /> countries, with the exception of<br /> Tanzania, took part in the highly<br /> successful IPO. Shares previously<br /> reserved for Kenyans in State<br /> share sales were from then going<br /> to be available to East Africans. Tax<br /> treatment would be equal for EAC<br /> citizens.<br /> In other changes in 2008, Treasury<br /> barred people controlling<br /> directly or indirectly 25 per cent<br /> of issued share capital from holding<br /> a management position in<br /> CMA-licensed operators, notably<br /> stockbrokers. The paid up share<br /> capital for stockbrokers and investment<br /> banks was raised from Sh5<br /> million ($62,500) and Sh30 million<br /> ($375,000) to Sh50 million<br /> ($625,000) and Sh250 million ($3.1<br /> million), respectively. They have to<br /> meet the threshold by 2011.<br /> A 25 per cent maximum cap in<br /> shareholding and control of licensed<br /> people was introduced with a threeyear<br /> transition period for licensees.<br /> Stockbrokers, investment banks and<br /> fund managers are required to have<br /> a professional indemnity cover.<br /> In 2007, the equity market rode<br /> on the tide of robust economic<br /> growth to erase losses suffered<br /> in the 1990s and early 2000. Key<br /> events included two IPOs and three<br /> other share sales — 390 million<br /> new shares, as a result, came to<br /> the market. Market capitalisation<br /> crossed the Sh1 trillion threshold<br /> following the Safaricom IPO. Market<br /> capitalisation in quarter four slipped<br /> to Sh854 billion ($11.4 billion). Now<br /> it stands at Sh1.1 trillion ($13.75 billion).<br /> Demutualisation<br /> To further boost the market, the<br /> Treasury, the Capital Markets<br /> Authority (CMA) and NSE are working<br /> on a demutualisation (changing<br /> a mutual or cooperative association<br /> into a public company by converting<br /> the interests of members into<br /> shareholdings to be traded at the<br /> stock exchange) plan that will see<br /> NSE listed at the equity market and<br /> new investors invited to buy shares.<br /> Previously, stockbrokers owned the<br /> NSE.<br /> The bourse has determined what<br /> percentage brokers will retain in a<br /> process steered by the Demutualisation<br /> Steering Committee. Pressure<br /> for demutualisation has grown after<br /> some brokers went under, disrupting<br /> smooth trading in shares. Stake-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 211</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 778<br /> AGOA requirements<br /> Certificate of registration<br /> for manufacture.<br /> Inspection of premises<br /> by the Registrar of<br /> Industries<br /> Four copies of certificate<br /> of registration<br /> Certificate of origin and<br /> visa — applied through<br /> the Kenya Association<br /> of Manufacturers which<br /> forwards the documents<br /> to the Customs Services<br /> Department.<br /> If the goods fulfil AGOA<br /> requirements, Customs<br /> Services Department<br /> issues a certificate of<br /> origin and visa stamp<br /> The visa demonstrates<br /> that goods for which<br /> benefits are claimed<br /> were produced in Kenya<br /> and are eligible for the<br /> benefits.<br /> Preserve records on<br /> export goods for at<br /> least seven years<br /> — number of workers,<br /> quantities, subcontracted<br /> work and<br /> machinery used.<br /> www.agoa.gov<br /> Obtain a certificate of origin and visa. The<br /> application is made through the Kenya Association<br /> of Manufacturers, which scrutinises<br /> documents before they are forwarded to the<br /> Customs Services Department.<br /> If the goods fulfil the requirements of originating<br /> from Kenya, then a certificate of origin<br /> and a visa stamp are issued by the Customs<br /> Department. The visa demonstrates that the<br /> goods for which benefits are claimed were<br /> produced in Kenya.<br /> Records on production of goods to be<br /> exported must be preserved for at least seven<br /> years. They include the number of workers,<br /> quantities, sub-contracted work and machinery<br /> used.<br /> Cotonou Agreement<br /> The European Union is Kenya’s main trading<br /> partner outside Africa. The main players<br /> are the United Kingdom, the Netherlands,<br /> Germany and France. According to the Economic<br /> Survey 2009, the EU accounted for<br /> 26.45 per cent of Kenya’s exports, with a value<br /> of nearly Sh57 billion ($712.5 million).<br /> The ACP/EU Cotonou Partnership Agreement<br /> is a trade, aid and political agreement<br /> signed in Cotonou, Benin, between 77 African,<br /> Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries<br /> and the EU. The partnership’s objectives<br /> are sustainable development of ACP States,<br /> smooth and gradual integration into the<br /> world market and eradication of poverty.<br /> Under the agreement, the EU grants trade<br /> preferences to the ACP. The rules of origin<br /> stipulate the conditions under which preferential<br /> access is to be enjoyed by beneficiary<br /> countries. Exports from Kenya to the EU are<br /> entitled to duty reductions and freedoms<br /> from all quota restrictions.<br /> Trade preferences include entry of indus-</div> <div>Tana (Hola) Irrigation Scheme<br /> It was started in 1953 by the colonial<br /> government as a holding camp for<br /> detainee labour and is among the<br /> oldest NIB schemes. It is in Tana<br /> River District and the gazetted<br /> area is 4,800 hectares. But only 900<br /> hectares are under cultivation. The<br /> scheme has 700 families in six villages.<br /> The main cash crop is cotton<br /> although other crops — groundnuts,<br /> maize and cowpeas — are grown at<br /> a small scale.<br /> Agricultural activities stopped<br /> in 1989 when River Tana, the main<br /> source of water, changed course at<br /> the Laini water intake point, leaving<br /> the scheme without water for irrigation.<br /> Most families have gone back<br /> to their original homes. But since<br /> 1990, the Government has made<br /> efforts at reviving the scheme. The<br /> Government acquired funds from<br /> Arab Bank for Economic Development<br /> in Africa for a feasibility<br /> study for the scheme. It pledged to<br /> rehabilitate the scheme with Sh500<br /> million ($6.25 million). This was to<br /> cover phase one of the programme<br /> on the developed 900 hectares. The<br /> scheme was to be expanded by<br /> 2,500 hectares in phase two. Similarly,<br /> plans are underway to develop<br /> gravity systems. Currently, phase<br /> one is in good progress. Rehabilitation<br /> works are on.<br /> West Kano Irrigation Scheme<br /> The scheme operations stalled in<br /> the 1999/2000 cropping season. But<br /> it was revived in 2003. Phase one<br /> covered 1,158 of 2,229 acres and<br /> phase two the entire 2,229 acres, 915<br /> of which had been cropped before<br /> production was suspended to allow<br /> installation of new pumps.<br /> But inadequate funding, high cost<br /> of operation and receding lake levels<br /> have hindered full exploitation of<br /> the scheme. However, increased<br /> Government funding of NIB, a<br /> cost-effective water supply system<br /> through gravity, and construction of<br /> a protection dyke and water storage<br /> pans make it easier to boost production<br /> and efficiency at the scheme<br /> Mwea Irrigation Agricultural<br /> Development (MIAD) Centre<br /> It was established in 1991 through a<br /> Kenya and Japan programme. The<br /> centre is under NIB and has a guesthouse,<br /> hostel and seminar facilities<br /> and a soil testing laboratory, which<br /> offers services to farmers at an<br /> affordable fee.<br /> Research programmes in progress<br /> are:<br /> • Malaria control — MIAD, ICIPE<br /> and University of Illinois, US<br /> • Malaria habitat reduction —<br /> ICIPE/IWMI and University of<br /> Nairobi<br /> • Human parasitic control —<br /> KEMRI and JICA<br /> • NERICA rice adaptability trials —<br /> JICA, AICAD and KARI, among<br /> others<br /> • Trials on maize production in<br /> paddy field — JICA Kenya and<br /> the International Maize and<br /> Wheat Improvement Centre<br /> (CIMMYT)<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 541</div> <div>ter for Sports, the head of the Central<br /> Executive Committee and has five<br /> elected officials — chairman, vicechairman,<br /> treasurer and two committee<br /> members. Five officials are<br /> co-opted from sports organisations,<br /> three are appointed by the minister<br /> and the head of the Department of<br /> Sports is an ex-officio<br /> The structure of the KNSC comprises<br /> affiliated national sports<br /> organisations, the Provincial Sports<br /> Council, branches (provinces), District<br /> Sports Council, sub-branches,<br /> clubs and individuals. To strengthen<br /> its operations, KNSC has subcommittees<br /> — Disciplinary and<br /> Arbitration, Technical and Training,<br /> Financial and Marketing and Special<br /> Programmes.<br /> National Sports Institute<br /> The idea to start it was hatched<br /> in 1987, but it was not until 1996<br /> that it was opened and a director<br /> appointed. The Kenya National<br /> Sports Institute was set up to<br /> address the need for research,<br /> improved training and use of modern<br /> technology in sports. This was<br /> necessary after research showed<br /> that sport has become scientific and<br /> thus the need to establish an Institute<br /> to train coaches and administrators.<br /> Its core functions are to organise<br /> sports courses for technical and<br /> administration personnel, identify<br /> and develop talent, award certificates<br /> and licences to athletes,<br /> technical and sports administration<br /> personnel in conjunction with the<br /> national and international sports<br /> organisations and evaluate sports<br /> performance .<br /> It works with institutions of higher<br /> learning, sports organisations and<br /> other stakeholders to promote<br /> research in the development of<br /> talent and documents and disseminates<br /> the latest information<br /> in sports. The institute analyses<br /> data on training requirements from<br /> sports organisations and coordinates<br /> sports anti-doping centre<br /> activities.<br /> The Institute has several units:<br /> The Centre for Sports Science’s<br /> mandate is to offer courses for athletes,<br /> technical and administrative<br /> personnel, set up a drug testing and<br /> anti-doping unit, conduct research<br /> in liaison with other institutions and<br /> organisations and formulate strategies<br /> for improvement of sports<br /> The role of the Centre for Documentation<br /> and Information is to<br /> establish a library and multi-purpose<br /> information centre for sports,<br /> maintain a centralised documentation<br /> centre and develop databases<br /> on training information and technology<br /> The mandate of the Centre for<br /> Sports Marketing is to develop marketing<br /> strategies, identify sources of<br /> funding and seek sponsorship and<br /> formulate programmes for athletes’<br /> career development, education and<br /> job placement<br /> The Sports Heritage Centre serves<br /> as a sports museum, establish a<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1141</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> through its technical arm, the Tea<br /> Research Foundation of Kenya.<br /> It comprises the Government,<br /> Kenya Tea Development Agency,<br /> Kenya Tea Growers Association,<br /> Nyayo Tea Zone Corporation,<br /> Development Corporation and East<br /> Africa Tea Trade Association.<br /> (www.teaboard.or.ke)<br /> Tea Research Foundation<br /> It promotes research in tea and<br /> other crops relating to tea production.<br /> Located in Kericho, it is the<br /> technical arm of the Tea Board<br /> of Kenya with the mandate to<br /> do research and advise growers<br /> on control of pests and diseases,<br /> improvement of planting material,<br /> general husbandry, yields and quality.<br /> The Foundation has so far developed<br /> and released to growers more<br /> than 45 clones.<br /> (www.tearesearch.or.ke)<br /> Nyayo Tea Zones Corporation<br /> It is a State Corporation established<br /> to manage the tea belts around forest<br /> zones and create buffer zones<br /> around indigenous forests to protect<br /> them from human encroachment.<br /> It was also set up to protect<br /> the environment, produce<br /> internationally quality tea, produce<br /> fuel wood essential in factories for<br /> processing, create jobs and generate<br /> revenue for the Government.<br /> The tea buffer zone along Mt<br /> Kenya, Mt Elgon, the Aberdares,<br /> Mau-Trans Mara and Olpusimoru<br /> forests and Cherang’any Hills helps<br /> curb human encroachment.<br /> (www.teazones.co.ke<br /> Kenya Tea Growers Association<br /> Large-scale tea producers established<br /> the organisation to promote<br /> members’ common interests in cultivation<br /> and manufacture of tea. It<br /> also promotes good industrial relations<br /> and sound wage policies for<br /> workers. The plantation sub-sector<br /> maintains 39 tea factories.<br /> East African Tea Trade Association<br /> It is a voluntary organisation that<br /> brings together tea producers, buyers<br /> (exporters), brokers, packers and<br /> warehouses to promote the best<br /> interests of the tea trade in Africa.<br /> It has more than 300 companies in<br /> East and Central Africa.<br /> EATTA promotes the interests<br /> of stakeholders in the tea trade in<br /> Africa by creating a business environment<br /> that maintains global standards<br /> and delivers tea products in a<br /> profitable way.<br /> The primary functions of the<br /> Association are to facilitate the<br /> Mombasa Tea Auction operation,<br /> maintain discipline and ensure<br /> compliance with the constitution. It<br /> also compiles and circulates statistical<br /> information to help members’<br /> operations and organises social<br /> and educational programmes for<br /> members.<br /> (www.eatta.com)<br /> 304</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 260<br /> www.capitalfm.co.ke to branded<br /> CDs. In 1996, KBC established the<br /> first entertainment radio station,<br /> Metro FM, marking the corporation’s<br /> shift to more commercial programming.By<br /> 2000, more television<br /> stations began to broadcast as State<br /> regulations eased.<br /> Off the Press<br /> Kenya has more than 100 newspapers<br /> and magazines — daily and<br /> weekly newspapers, weekly magazines<br /> and monthly magazines. But<br /> two publishing houses, Nation and<br /> Standard media groups, dominate<br /> the print media and have the largest<br /> market share.<br /> The Standard is the oldest mass<br /> circulating newspaper, started in<br /> 1902 to serve Indian civil servants,<br /> the business community in Mombasa<br /> and later the colonialists. In<br /> 1904, it was bought and renamed<br /> East African Standard. It grew to<br /> become one of the biggest newspapers<br /> in the region. The company<br /> also published the first Kiswahili<br /> newspaper Baraza.<br /> The newspaper was bought by<br /> the Lonrho Group in 1967. The<br /> company changed hands again in<br /> the late 1990s and the current owners<br /> have maintained its focus as a<br /> newspaper that interrogates social,<br /> economic and political issues. It has<br /> since been renamed The Standard.<br /> Its main competitor — and current<br /> market leader — is the Daily<br /> Nation. It was founded in 1959 by<br /> two English journalists, but was<br /> KBC: STATE BROADCASTER<br /> KBC is a State corporation that provides<br /> local and international programmes. It<br /> enhances development of local cultural<br /> values and facilitates the dissemination<br /> and preservation of indigenous values.<br /> KBC also raises understanding of Government<br /> policies and strategies among<br /> citizens and imparts knowledge.<br /> KBC has a Kiswahili Service in addition to<br /> its flagship English Service. It also operates<br /> regional services — transmissions<br /> in Somali, Borana, Rendille, Burji and<br /> Turkana, Meru, Embu, Maasai and Kamba,<br /> as well as Luo, Kisii, Kalenjin, Kuria, Teso,<br /> Luhya, Suba and Pokot.<br /> On both radio and television, KBC has a<br /> lead over competitors for it covers the<br /> largest geographical area. The broadcaster<br /> is spearheading the transition to digital<br /> broadcasting before 2012. The project<br /> was launched in December, 2009.<br /> English Radio Broadcasting for Europeans<br /> began in 1928. The first radio broadcasts<br /> for Africans came during the Second<br /> World War to inform relatives of African<br /> soldiers what was happening at the war<br /> front.<br /> In 1953, the African Broadcasting<br /> Services was set up and broadcast<br /> bought a year later by the spiritual<br /> leader of the Ismaili community, the<br /> Aga Khan. He is the principal shareholder<br /> in the listed company.<br /> Nation supplemented the Kiswahili<br /> daily — Taifa Leo — that the Aga<br /> Khan already owned. The two have<br /> grown in influence and circulation.<br /> The Nation stable now includes<br /> a range of publications: Business<br /> Daily, the weekly EastAfrican, Saturday<br /> Nation and Sunday Nation. It<br /> has also expanded into Uganda and<br /> Tanzania where it owns newspapers,<br /> radio and TV stations. Another</div> <div>domestic debt increased in absolute<br /> terms to Sh21.1 billion ($281.33 million)<br /> compared with Sh17.6 billion<br /> ($234.7 million) in 2006/07.<br /> However, the capacity of the<br /> Government to repay interest on<br /> domestic debt increased. This followed<br /> a drop in the percentage of<br /> domestic interest payments in ordinary<br /> revenue from 10.7 per cent to<br /> 10.4 per cent.<br /> The external debt is dominated<br /> by multilateral and bilateral sources<br /> (see Figure 2). External debt service<br /> (including repayments to IMF)<br /> increased from Sh7.7 billion ($102.7<br /> million) or 4.7 per cent of ordinary<br /> revenue in the first half of 2006/07<br /> to Sh9.2 billion ($122.7 million) or<br /> 4.5 per cent of ordinary revenue in<br /> 2007/08. The rise is attributed to the<br /> end of the consolidation period in<br /> December 2006 for the Paris Club<br /> debt rescheduling under the 2004<br /> agreement. This means the Government<br /> is now servicing the debts. The<br /> external debt service in the first half<br /> of 2007/08 comprised Sh6.4 billion<br /> ($85.33 million) in principal repayments<br /> and Sh2.8 billion ($37.33) in<br /> interest payments<br /> Sovereign credit rating<br /> In July 2009, Standard & Poor’s<br /> affirmed the Kenya ‘B’ rating. Basically,<br /> the rating enables the country<br /> to float a sovereign bond for borrowing<br /> in the international markets.<br /> The interest rates are determined<br /> by the country risk, meaning<br /> Botswana, whose economy is ‘A’-<br /> rated, would be able to borrow more<br /> cheaply. In 2009, Kenya put off floating<br /> a sovereign bond in the wake<br /> of international financial markets<br /> volatility. The Government’s infrastructure<br /> bond, however, has been<br /> a success. It raised Sh18.5 billion<br /> ($246.7 million) in 2009.<br /> Central Bank<br /> Its key mandate is to maintain price<br /> stability conducive to economic<br /> growth. The monetary policy pursued<br /> since 2003 aims at ensuring<br /> a stable macroeconomic environment<br /> to encourage private investment,<br /> growth and employment.<br /> In the medium-term, the monetary<br /> policy targets five per cent core<br /> inflation, while improving policy<br /> procedures for managing inflationary<br /> pressure.<br /> Following the amendment to<br /> the Central Bank of Kenya Act, the<br /> banking regulator has been granted<br /> more powers and independence.<br /> The Monetary Policy Committee<br /> (MPC) has replaced the Monetary<br /> Policy Advisory Committee. MPC<br /> makes monetary policy decisions,<br /> particularly regarding price stability.<br /> The committee has powers to<br /> set the CBR and determine the<br /> right Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) for<br /> commercial banks. In July 2010, the<br /> Central Bank cut its benchmark rate<br /> by 0.75 percentage points to 6 per<br /> cent, sending a signal that lenders<br /> should slash the cost of borrowing.<br /> The bank has reduced its key<br /> lending rate six times since 2009 to<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 221</div> <div>Kenya Airways has opened a leadership<br /> centre — Pride Centre — for the training of<br /> staff. It also has a Flying Blue Service Centre.<br /> The airline has a ticketing office at the Village<br /> Market, Nairobi<br /> East African Safari Air<br /> It was first incorporated as<br /> Car Hire Services (Aviation)<br /> Ltd in 1989. It later changed<br /> its name to East African<br /> Safari Air Ltd in 1998. In<br /> 1990, it got a licence to operate<br /> scheduled and coach<br /> services to the Masai Mara.<br /> In 1992, the firm became the<br /> first private Kenyan carrier<br /> to operate charter flights to<br /> South Africa and Italy from<br /> Mombasa. In 1993, operated<br /> charter flights from Nairobi<br /> and Mombasa to Paris. In<br /> 1993, it provided charter<br /> services to Southern Sudan.<br /> In 1998, the airline got designation<br /> on Bilateral Air Service<br /> Agreements to COMESA,<br /> France, Germany, UK, Italy,<br /> Switzerland and Germany. In<br /> 2004, an investor joined the<br /> company.<br /> Local airlines<br /> A number of local airlines operate in Kenya’s<br /> lucrative domestic market. They include<br /> African Express Airways, Fly540, East African<br /> Safari Air, Airkenya and JetLink Express. The<br /> industry is still young and investment opportunities<br /> are many in this business. African<br /> Foreign airlines<br /> They are Air Arabia, Air India, Air Italy, Air<br /> Madagascar, Air Mauritius, Air Seychelles,<br /> Air Uganda, Air Zimbabwe, British Airways,<br /> Brussels Airlines, Cameroon Airlines, Daallo<br /> Airlines, EgyptAir, Emirates, and Ethiopian<br /> Airlines.<br /> Others are Iberworld, KLM, Linhas Aéreas de<br /> Moçambique, Marsland Aviation, Monarch<br /> Airlines, Nasair, Precision Air, Qatar Airways,<br /> Rwandair Express, Saudi Arabian Airlines,<br /> South African Airways, Sudan Airways, Swiss<br /> International Air Lines, Turkish Airlines, Virgin<br /> Atlantic.<br /> Passenger information<br /> Visas are required for most nationals and<br /> cost $50 (Sh4,000). A visa can be obtained on<br /> entry. But it should be obtained before arrival<br /> to avoid lengthy queues. Visa application<br /> forms are available online.<br /> A visa is required by visitors travelling<br /> to Kenya with the exception of those holding<br /> a re-entry pass to Kenya and citizens of<br /> Ethiopia, San Marino, Turkey and Uruguay. A<br /> valid passport with sufficient number of<br /> unused pages for endorsements abroad is<br /> also vital. The passport must be signed and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 627</div> <div>Listed companies at the Nairobi Stock Exchange<br /> Agriculture<br /> • Rea Vipingo Ltd<br /> • Sasini Tea & Coffee Ltd<br /> • Kakuzi Ltd<br /> Commercial<br /> and Services<br /> • Access Kenya<br /> • Marshalls EA<br /> • Car & General<br /> • Hutchings Biemer<br /> (suspended)<br /> • Kenya Airways<br /> • CMC Holdings<br /> • Uchumi Supermarkets<br /> (suspended)<br /> • Nation Media Group<br /> • TPS (Serena)<br /> • ScanGroup<br /> • Standard Group<br /> • Safaricom<br /> Finance and Investment<br /> • Barclays Bank of Kenya<br /> • CFC StanbicBank<br /> • Housing Finance<br /> • CentumInvestment<br /> • Kenya Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> • National Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> • Pan Africa Insurance<br /> Holding<br /> • Diamond Trust Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> • Jubilee Insurance<br /> • Standard Bank<br /> • NIC Bank<br /> • Equity Bank<br /> • Olympia Capital<br /> • Co-operative Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> • Kenya Re-Insurance<br /> Industrial and Allied<br /> • Athi River Mining Ltd<br /> • BOC Kenya<br /> • British American<br /> Tobacco Kenya<br /> • Carbacid Investments<br /> • EA Cables<br /> • EA Breweries<br /> • Sameer Africa<br /> • Kenya Oil<br /> • Mumias Sugar<br /> Company<br /> • Unga Group<br /> • Bamburi Cement<br /> • Crown Berger (K)<br /> • EA Portland Cement<br /> • Kenya Power &<br /> Lighting Company<br /> • Total Kenya<br /> • Eveready East Africa<br /> • KenGen<br /> Alternative<br /> Market Segment<br /> • A Baumann &<br /> Company<br /> • City Trust<br /> • Eaagads<br /> • Express<br /> • Williamson Tea Kenya<br /> • Kapchorua Tea<br /> • Kenya Orchards<br /> • Limuru Tea Company<br /> www.nse.co.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 213</div> <div>Oral Tradition and History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 86</div> <div>Cooperatives and Marketing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 720<br /> Co-op movement<br /> and organisations<br /> Cooperative Alliance<br /> (formerly Kenya<br /> National Federation of<br /> Cooperatives)<br /> District cooperative<br /> unions<br /> 12,000 cooperative<br /> societies<br /> Cooperative Bank<br /> Cooperative Insurance<br /> Company of Kenya<br /> Kenya Union of Savings<br /> and Credit Cooperatives<br /> Ltd (KUSCCO)<br /> Kenya Rural Sacco<br /> Society Union<br /> National Housing<br /> Cooperative Union<br /> Cooperative College of<br /> Kenya<br /> KPCU<br /> New KCC<br /> www.cooperative.go.ke<br /> Cooperative policy<br /> In the Sessional Paper on Cooperative<br /> Policy for Kenya of 1975, the Government<br /> recognised cooperatives as vital institutions<br /> for mobilising natural, human and financial<br /> resources for development. This policy was<br /> reaffirmed in the subsequent four five-year<br /> development plans (1979-1996).<br /> The major landmarks include the enactment<br /> of the Cooperative Societies Act (1966),<br /> which empowered the Government to get<br /> involved in the day-to-day management of<br /> cooperatives. The Act was revised in 1977,<br /> 1997 and 2004 so that it could be in tandem<br /> with changes, especially economic liberalisation.<br /> The objectives of the movement are to spur<br /> economic growth and help improve extension<br /> services, access to markets and marketing<br /> efficiency. Cooperatives have immense<br /> potential to deliver goods and services where<br /> the public and private sectors have not ventured.<br /> Cooperatives address local needs,<br /> employ local talent and are led by local<br /> people.<br /> They are organised into service and producer<br /> societies. Producer cooperatives promote<br /> modern technology and production.<br /> Service cooperatives are responsible for:<br /> • Procurement, marketing and expansion<br /> services<br /> • Loan disbursement<br /> • Sale of consumer goods<br /> • Member education<br /> Cooperatives have made remarkable progress<br /> in agriculture, banking, credit, agro-processing,<br /> storage, marketing, dairy, fishing and<br /> housing. Service cooperatives are organised<br /> on a shareholder basis. Networking helps<br /> build relationships and alliances, integrate<br /> processes, share knowledge and experiences,</div> <div>The officers arrest and prosecute<br /> traffic offenders and create road<br /> safety awareness through the media<br /> and lectures in schools, institutions<br /> and public places. The department<br /> also collects accident statistics,<br /> enforces axle load regulations at<br /> weighbridges.<br /> The task of annual inspection<br /> of public service, commercial and<br /> private vehicles prior to licensing or<br /> registration, inspection and certification<br /> of vehicle road worthiness<br /> and accident vehicles falls on the<br /> Traffic Police. The department also<br /> tests drivers and issues certificates<br /> of competence.<br /> The department also monitors the<br /> movement of Government vehicles,<br /> and recruits, trains and deploys traffic<br /> police officers.<br /> The units under the Traffic<br /> Department are the Government<br /> Vehicles Check Unit, Driving Test<br /> Unit, Highway Patrol Unit, Axle<br /> Load Enforcement Unit, Motor<br /> Vehicle Inspection Branch, Road<br /> Safety Section and Traffic Training<br /> Centre.<br /> Kenya Police Air Wing<br /> It started operations in 1949 as a<br /> colonial air-support volunteer force<br /> manned by White Kenya Police<br /> Reservist. During the struggle for<br /> independence, particularly during<br /> the State of Emergency, the Airwing<br /> had its greatest expansion.<br /> The unit was established in 1949<br /> and operated by Reserve Police<br /> Pilots offering their fleet of fixed<br /> wing aircraft for police work. The<br /> operations have changed over time,<br /> with modern type aircraft to support<br /> the services of the Police Department<br /> and the public sector. It has<br /> acquired different types of aircraft<br /> and qualified personnel.<br /> By 1951, the Airwing had one<br /> second hand aircraft for short range<br /> missions. The headquarters was at<br /> Wilson Airport, Nairobi, where it is<br /> today and bases at Mweiga in Nyeri<br /> and Nakuru. To boost its ability,<br /> the Wing hired private operators in<br /> 1952 shortly after the State of Emergency<br /> and bought an aircraft ideal<br /> for spotter mission. In 1957, the Airwing<br /> became an integral part of the<br /> police in its present form.<br /> Kenya Railway Police Unit<br /> By 1894, plans for the construction<br /> of the Uganda Railway had been<br /> finalised with Mombasa as the<br /> starting point. Due to insecurity,<br /> marauding animals and to safeguard<br /> material from vandalism<br /> and theft, the British government<br /> brought police officers from India,<br /> a British protectorate, established<br /> the Uganda Railway Police and<br /> recruited Africans.<br /> When the railway line reached<br /> Kisumu, a fleet of ships was started<br /> at Lake Victoria to link Kenya and<br /> Uganda, forming a section of Marine<br /> Police for guard and escort duties.<br /> In 1926, the Uganda Railways was<br /> changed to Kenya-Uganda Railways,<br /> changing the police to Kenya-<br /> Uganda Railway Police formation<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 413</div> <div>should help the region to advance<br /> economically and reduce poverty.<br /> The Customs Union will offer a<br /> more predictable economic environment<br /> for investors and traders<br /> across the region, as a regionally<br /> administered common external<br /> tariff and trade policy will be more<br /> stable. Private sector operators with<br /> cross-border operations will be<br /> able to exploit the comparative and<br /> competitive advantages offered by<br /> regional locations.<br /> This will be achieved because<br /> uniformity has been achieved and<br /> differences in tariff protection, other<br /> business transaction and Customs<br /> formalities have been eliminated.<br /> Regional enterprises will get better<br /> protection because the Common<br /> External Tariff will be enforced at<br /> the regional level. Consumers in<br /> member States will benefit from<br /> price reductions. Adjustment of<br /> national external tariffs to be in<br /> tandem with the common external<br /> tariff results in, for example, lower<br /> taxes on finished goods.<br /> COMESA<br /> The Common Market for Eastern<br /> and Southern Africa was formed<br /> in 1994 to replace the Preferential<br /> Trade Area (PTA). COMESA has 21<br /> member States with a population of<br /> more than 385 million people, making<br /> it a major market for internal<br /> and external trade.<br /> The main objective of cooperation<br /> in trade, Customs and monetary<br /> affairs is to achieve a fully integrated,<br /> internationally competitive<br /> and unified single economic space<br /> in which goods, services, capital,<br /> labour and people move freely<br /> across national borders.<br /> This is achieved through the<br /> removal of physical, technical,<br /> fiscal and monetary barriers to<br /> intra-regional trade and commercial<br /> exchanges. Kenyan goods, for<br /> example, enter member countries at<br /> preferential tariffs and similar treatment<br /> is given to goods imported<br /> from COMESA member States.<br /> PTA operated up to December<br /> 30, 2000. The Free Trade Area<br /> (FTA) then came into effect with<br /> Djibouti, Egypt, Kenya, Madagascar,<br /> Malawi, Mauritius, Sudan, Zambia<br /> and Zimbabwe eliminating tariffs<br /> on COMESA originating products.<br /> The FTA objective is to create an<br /> integrated market and to increase<br /> COMESA’s competitiveness as a<br /> production base for goods geared<br /> for the world market.<br /> The Customs union is the next<br /> stage in COMESA’s agenda for<br /> integration. A road map has been<br /> developed.<br /> Non-reciprocal arrangements<br /> These are trade preferences that<br /> may not apply mutually. A good<br /> example is the preference extended<br /> to Kenya under the African Growth<br /> and Opportunity Act (AGOA) of the<br /> US, Africa, Caribbean and Pacific/<br /> European Union (ACP/EU), Cotonou<br /> Partnership Agreement and the<br /> Generalised System of Preferences<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 775</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 802<br /> Value addition<br /> Many countries and do<br /> not get full value of<br /> their produce because<br /> they do not add value<br /> to it. Agricultural value<br /> addition involves processing<br /> farm goods to<br /> transform them into<br /> products of greater<br /> worth and with a longer<br /> shelf-life that can earn<br /> producers additional<br /> income. For example,<br /> milk is processed to<br /> make cheese and butter.<br /> The African Institute for<br /> Capacity Development<br /> (AICAD) is equipping<br /> farmers for this. AICAD is<br /> based at Jomo Kenyatta<br /> University of Agriculture<br /> and Technology. Through<br /> training, some farmers<br /> in Kenya are making as<br /> much as Sh1.2 million<br /> ($15,000) on one crop a<br /> season. Once they add<br /> value to their products,<br /> they are no longer<br /> producers but manufacturers.<br /> http://ipisnews.net/africa<br /> parts using the best technology. It is involved<br /> in commercial production of steel, engineering<br /> design and development of machinery<br /> and components. It also retails and trains in<br /> engineering software (AutoCAD and Inventor).<br /> Due to the company’s experience in<br /> Kenya’s manufacturing industry, NMC was<br /> appointed reseller and trainer of Autodesk<br /> manufacturing software, including AutoCAD,<br /> AutoCAD Mechanical, AutoCAD Electrical<br /> and Inventor Professional. Professionals in<br /> 2D and 3D design use the products for the<br /> manufacturing industry.<br /> NMC is equipped with computer-numerically<br /> controlled (CNC) machines for gear<br /> shaping, boring, milling, turning and gear<br /> hobbing. It also has an elaborate heat treatment<br /> facility.<br /> The gear-cutting machines can cut spur,<br /> worm, spiral, splines and other types of gears.<br /> The milling machines are actually machining<br /> centres capable of turning and combining<br /> several operations with robotic loading and<br /> tool movement.<br /> NMC’s heat treatment centre has facilities<br /> for hardening, nitriding, carburising, annealing<br /> and tempering.<br /> IDB Capital Ltd<br /> Formerly the Industrial Development Bank<br /> Ltd, it was set up in 1973 as a Government<br /> development finance institution to further<br /> economic development. It helps promote,<br /> establish, expand and modernise medium<br /> and large-scale industrial enterprises.<br /> IDB Capital has steadily made its way back<br /> to profitability.<br /> For an organisation that last reported a<br /> profit in 1996, it cleaned Sh600 million in<br /> bad loans in 2006 and recorded a profit since</div> <div>Art and culture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 146</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 984<br /> 1983 to protect a unique habitat in<br /> a vital catchment area. The Chyulu<br /> Hills are a volcanic mix of cones,<br /> the most interesting being Shetani,<br /> Kiswahili for ‘Devil’. The major<br /> attraction is the breathtaking view<br /> from the Chyulu Hills, cave exploration<br /> and a camp site next to the<br /> park’s headquarters. Black mamba,<br /> puffadders, rock pythons, geckos,<br /> tortoises, lizards, dung beetles, butterflies,<br /> buffalo, bushbuck, eland,<br /> elephants, leopards, pigs, reedbuck,<br /> steenboks and mountain are other<br /> attractions. To access it by road, turn<br /> right off Mombasa Road at Kibwezi<br /> onto a 9km road that leads to<br /> Kithasyo Gate and park headquarters.<br /> It is also possible to enter the<br /> park from Tsavo West. The park has<br /> two airstrips.<br /> At present, the park does not<br /> operate on safari card system and<br /> entry is by cash. While there is no<br /> accommodation in the park, there<br /> are numerous options in nearby<br /> Tsavo West National Park and ungazetted<br /> portion of the Chyulu Hills.</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> holders in road transport, professional<br /> organisations, special groups<br /> and NGOs, is expected to enlist the<br /> goodwill of other organisations in<br /> the public and private sectors, development<br /> partners and at the same<br /> time seek other sources of funding<br /> besides the Exchequer.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 608<br /> Infrastructure<br /> The Government has improved<br /> infrastructure for motorised and<br /> non-motorised vehicles and encouraged<br /> people in rural areas to form<br /> cooperative societies to sell their<br /> produce and buy inputs at central<br /> markets.<br /> The Government has also<br /> enforced axle load regulations and<br /> restructured other transport systems.<br /> Plans are underway to explore<br /> privatisation and modernisation of<br /> weighbridges and introduction of<br /> weigh-in-motion facilities.<br /> The Government has also encouraged<br /> the use of rail transport to<br /> reduce traffic and boost the economy,<br /> as well as extend rail services<br /> across borders.<br /> It is keen to ensure that railway<br /> operations are improved through<br /> adequate financing for development<br /> and maintenance.<br /> Way forward<br /> The Government will ensure that<br /> the public transport policy is linked<br /> to economic, budget and fiscal,<br /> competition, urban and land-use,<br /> urban transport, social, education<br /> and research policies. It will develop<br /> and update an Integrated Transport<br /> Master Plan (ITMP)covering<br /> transport modes in rural and urban<br /> areas. It further plans to strengthen<br /> implementation and monitoring<br /> of regional transport agreements<br /> under COMESA, EAC and other<br /> bilateral and multilateral agreements.<br /> As part of the master plan the<br /> Government will develop and<br /> implement an Air Transport Master<br /> Plan that will facilitate development<br /> and maintenance of aviation infrastructure<br /> and services to remote<br /> parts of the country and promote<br /> tourism, agriculture, manufacturing<br /> and trade. The ITMP also includes</div> <div>Justice and correctional services<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 828<br /> Where and how to<br /> report corruption<br /> Information can be<br /> provided to KACC in<br /> writing, by telephone,<br /> personally to Integrity<br /> Centre in Nairobi and<br /> Mombasa office at<br /> Apollo Court on Moi<br /> Avenue or through<br /> the Anonymous<br /> Whistleblower’s System<br /> on its website.<br /> KACC Report Centre<br /> Integrity Centre<br /> Valley Road/Milimani<br /> Road Junction.<br /> P.O. Box 61130 00200<br /> Nairobi , Kenya<br /> Apollo Court<br /> Moi Avenue<br /> P.O.BOX 82351 - 80100<br /> Mombasa<br /> 020 2717468 (Nairobi)<br /> 041-2319081 2319082<br /> (Mombasa)<br /> 020 2717473<br /> (Fax - Nairobi)<br /> 041 2319083<br /> (Fax - Mombasa)<br /> report@integrity.go.ke<br /> www.kacc.go.ke<br /> ation and voluntary small claims arbitration.<br /> The programme will also offer specialised<br /> services, including family counselling,<br /> production of simple awareness material,<br /> research and dissemination.<br /> War against corruption<br /> Since 1956, Kenya has had anti-corruption<br /> legislation. The first was the Prevention of<br /> Corruption Act (Cap 65), which was, however,<br /> repealed in May 2003. In 1993, there<br /> were efforts to establish an anti-corruption<br /> squad within the CID wing of the police.<br /> Unfortunately, the squad was disbanded in<br /> 1995 before it could make an impact.<br /> The Prevention of Corruption Act (Cap 65)<br /> was later amended in 1997 to provide for the<br /> Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority (KACA),<br /> the first Government anti-corruption agency<br /> established by law. The first director of<br /> KACA, John Harun Mwau, was appointed in<br /> 1997.<br /> In 2000, the High Court, in Gachiengo vs<br /> Republic, ruled that KACA undermined the<br /> powers of the AG and Commissioner of<br /> Police. The High Court held that the statutory<br /> provisions establishing KACA were in<br /> conflict with the Constitution. As such, KACA<br /> was disbanded.<br /> In 2003, however, two statutes were<br /> enacted to relaunch the fight against corruption:<br /> Anti-Corruption and Economic<br /> Crimes Act and the Public Officer Ethics Act.<br /> Section 70 of the Anti-Corruption and Economic<br /> Crimes Act repealed the Prevention<br /> of Corruption Act. The law also established<br /> the Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission<br /> (KACC).<br /> Kenya signified its commitment in the<br /> fight against corruption by becoming the<br /> first country in the world to ratify the UN</div> <div>Windsor Golf Hotel<br /> It is a cluster of impressive<br /> Victorian-style buildings<br /> with 130 deluxe rooms<br /> comprising twins, doubles,<br /> studio suites and cottages<br /> overlooking a spectacular<br /> 18-hole golf course where<br /> Sykes monkeys offer an<br /> unusual ‘hazard’. It also has<br /> a 16-hour business centre<br /> and gym. The hotel is set on<br /> 200-acre grounds with views<br /> of Mt Kenya and the Maasai<br /> Buffalo Mountain. The<br /> property is also a sanctuary<br /> for birds such as Egyptian<br /> geese, black kites, egrets and<br /> brown eagles soaring over<br /> the fairways. For the nature<br /> lover, Windsor offers walks<br /> with an ornithologist; including<br /> visits to our own Mika<br /> Coffee Estate.<br /> www.windsorgolfresort.com<br /> Despite its name, the 68km square is an<br /> ideal family getaway from Nairobi or a stopover<br /> en-route to Lake Nakuru or the Masai<br /> Mara. It is famous for natural hot geysers and<br /> as an eagle and vulture breeding ground. The<br /> major attractions are game viewing, raptors<br /> resting on cliffs, spectacular gorge walk, hot<br /> springs, scenic landscape and the geothermal<br /> power station.<br /> The park, which comprises a savannah<br /> ecosystem, harbours a wide variety of wildlife.<br /> The animal species include lions, leopards<br /> and cheetahs. There are more than 100 species<br /> of birds in the park, including vultures,<br /> Verreaux’s eagle, augur buzzard and swifts.<br /> The African buffalo, zebra, eland, Thomson’s<br /> gazelle and baboons are also common. The<br /> park is also home to klipspringer antelope<br /> and Chanler’s mountain reedbuck.<br /> The park does not operate on the smartcard<br /> system. Entry is by cash only — Kenya<br /> shilling or the US dollar. For accommodation,<br /> the park has no facilities, but this is available<br /> in Naivasha town and on the Moi South Lake<br /> Road.<br /> But camping facilities are available:<br /> Oldubai campsite (on the cliff top south of<br /> Fischer’s Tower), Nairburta and Endchata<br /> campsites (across the gorge on the northern<br /> cliffs). Activities at the park including hiking,<br /> camping, rock climbing, biking, bird watching<br /> and wildlife viewing<br /> Kakamega Forest National Reserve<br /> The 44km square reserve is in the Lake Victoria<br /> basin, about 50km north of Kisumu. Being<br /> the only remnant in Kenya of the unique<br /> Guineo-Congolian forest ecosystem, the park<br /> offers unique wildlife and scenic beauty. The<br /> forest is home to more than 400 species of<br /> butterflies ((about 45 per cent of butterflies in<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 967</div> <div>Administration of technical<br /> assistance and development programmes<br /> in the public sector<br /> • Advising the public sector on<br /> staff development<br /> • Training for the Civil Service<br /> Reform Programme<br /> • Sourcing and budgeting for training<br /> funds in the public service.<br /> • Assisting ministries identify<br /> training needs and design programmes<br /> to meet training needs<br /> • Organising seminars and workshops<br /> • Developing training plans and<br /> evaluating training programmes<br /> • Maintaining a skills inventory in<br /> the Public Service<br /> • Preparing standards reports on<br /> training<br /> • Carrying out research<br /> • Liaising with education attaches<br /> in embassies and high commissions<br /> and institutions on students’<br /> fees and allowances<br /> • Coordinating common cadre<br /> training in the Public Service —<br /> accountants, secretaries and personnel,<br /> supplies and executive<br /> officers.<br /> • Coordinating lower cadre training<br /> • Coordinating training programme<br /> in DPM institutions —<br /> GTI, Mombasa, Matuga, Embu<br /> and Baring<br /> • Coordinating pre-service training<br /> for ministries of Roads, Public<br /> Works, Tourism, Agriculture,<br /> Livestock and Fisheries Development<br /> and Transport.<br /> • Supervision of lower cadre training<br /> units at ministry headquarters<br /> or provinces.<br /> Personnel Administration<br /> It first known as Central Personnel<br /> Unit in the Office of the Chief<br /> Secretary. In 1961, the functions<br /> were transferred to Establishment<br /> Division in Treasury. In April 1963,<br /> the Directorate of Personnel was<br /> created in the Office the Prime<br /> Minister and the functions of the<br /> division were consolidated in the<br /> Directorate.<br /> In 1964, the Directorate of Personnel<br /> Management was placed<br /> under the Office of the President<br /> together with all its divisions.<br /> The Personnel Administration<br /> Division is mandated to:<br /> • Advise the the Public Service on<br /> human resource management<br /> • Formulate Public Service Human<br /> Resource Management policies,<br /> rules and regulations<br /> • Set standards for human<br /> resource management that are<br /> integrated with Government strategic<br /> plans and reinforce public<br /> sector reforms.<br /> The division’s core functions are:<br /> • Formulating polices on human<br /> resource management and<br /> development in the Civil Service<br /> • Designing implementation and<br /> maintenance systems for the<br /> improvement of the performance<br /> • Providing human resource management<br /> assistance, advice and<br /> policy guidelines to ministries,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 461</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA)<br /> Formed in 2003, KEPSA brings<br /> together more than 200 organisations.<br /> It has created a harmonised<br /> approach to issues across sectors<br /> and ensured the formulation of policies<br /> that encourage domestic and<br /> foreign investment while pursuing<br /> regional, continental and international<br /> economic opportunities.<br /> Federation of Kenya Employers (FKE)<br /> It was registered under the Trade<br /> Unions Act and represents the<br /> interests of employers. Its major<br /> objective is to harmonise and<br /> defend employers’ interests. It also<br /> aims at raising the consciousness of<br /> employers so that they can promote<br /> labour productivity, sound management,<br /> better industrial relations,<br /> fair labour practices, effective work<br /> organisation and stronger staff motivation.<br /> Cement business<br /> The growth in the<br /> construction sector is<br /> driven by huge Government<br /> investment in<br /> infrastructure. Kenya’s<br /> largest cement-maker<br /> Bamburi Cement will increased<br /> production from<br /> 46 million to 60 million<br /> bags. By 2012, Athi River<br /> Mining will have built<br /> a $250 million (Sh18.7<br /> billion) plant to make<br /> 40 million bags a year. It<br /> has boosted capacity at<br /> the Kaloleni plant to 13<br /> million bags a year. East<br /> African Portland Cement<br /> Company will raise<br /> capacity from 14 million<br /> to 24 million bags. Work<br /> on a Sh13 billion ($173<br /> million) cement plant<br /> in Pokot began in May<br /> 2010. The factory will<br /> roll out the first products<br /> in 2012 and produce 24<br /> million bags of cement<br /> a year.<br /> www.businessdailyafrica.com<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 762<br /> Kenya Association of Manufacturers<br /> (KAM)<br /> Constituted in 1959, it unites industrialists<br /> under an organisation to<br /> encourage investment, uphold<br /> standards, and present their views<br /> and concerns to the Government.<br /> Ordinary membership is restricted<br /> to persons, firms and companies<br /> directly engaged in manufacturing,<br /> processing or any other productive<br /> method. Associate membership<br /> is extended to companies that, by<br /> the nature of their business, have a<br /> direct interest in the expansion of<br /> industry, including financial insti-<br /> tutions, insurance and consulting<br /> companies.<br /> Eastern Africa Association (EAA)<br /> It was established in 1964. Members<br /> include companies from India,<br /> South Africa, the United Kingdom<br /> and United States, among others.<br /> The EAA headquarters are in<br /> London and it is a communication<br /> channel between foreign investors<br /> and Eastern African governments.<br /> It interprets the policies and objectives<br /> of governments to members<br /> and, in turn, explains the views and</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1030</div> <div>References<br /> 1 Five years ago, a joint team of experts from<br /> America’s University of Utah and National<br /> Museums of Kenya excavated remains of<br /> fossils at Lokitaung Gorge in Turkana, that<br /> date to 200 million years ago, what is called<br /> Mesozoi period. Further studies indicate<br /> that primates roamed this part of the world<br /> 20 million years ago.<br /> 2 J.F Lipscomb, We Built A Country, Faber and<br /> Faber Ltd, London, 1955, page 9<br /> 3 L.S. Leakey, Stone Age Africa, Oxford University<br /> press, , 1936, page 3<br /> 4 KENYA: Contrasts And Problems, Methuen<br /> and Company limited, London, 1936<br /> 5 Leakey M.G., Spoor F., Brown F., Gathogo<br /> P.N., Kiarie C., Leakey L.N. and McDougall I.<br /> (2001): New hominin genus from eastern<br /> Africa shows diverse middle Pliocene lineages.<br /> Nature, 410:433-40.<br /> 6 Spoor, F., Leakey, M. G., Gathogo, P. N.,<br /> Brown, F. H., Antón, S. C., McDougall, I.,<br /> Kiarie, C., Manthi, F. K., Leakey, L. N. (2007).<br /> Implications of new early Homo fossils from<br /> Ileret, east of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Nature,<br /> 448: 688–691<br /> 7 Nation website, www.nationaudio.co.ke,<br /> posted to the web 13 November 2007<br /> 8 S. M. Cachel & J. W. K. Harris (2006). The<br /> behavioral ecology of early Pleistocene<br /> hominids in the Koobi Fora Region, East<br /> Turkana Basin, Northern Kenya. Space and<br /> Spatial Analysis in Archaeology, eds. E.C.<br /> Robertson, J.D. Seibert, D.C. Fernandez and<br /> M.U. Sender, University of Calgary Press,<br /> 49-59.<br /> 9 Ambrose, Stanley H. “Chronology of the<br /> Later Stone Age and food production in East<br /> Africa.” Journal of Archaeological Science<br /> 25 (1998): 377-392.<br /> 10 Ibid.<br /> 11 J.E.G Sutton, The archaeology of the Western<br /> Highlands of Kenya, British Institute of<br /> Eastern Africa, Nairobi, 1973 (former lecturer,<br /> University of dare s Salaam. This was<br /> part of his memoirs<br /> 12 L.B Leakey, KENYA: Contrasts and Problems,<br /> Methuen and Company limited, London,<br /> 1936<br /> 13 Elspeth Huxley, White Man’s Country: Lord<br /> Delamere and the Making of Kenya, Chatto<br /> and Windus, London, 1935<br /> 14 J.F Lipscomb, We Built A Country, Faber and<br /> Faber Ltd, London, 1955<br /> 15 G.H Mungeam, Kenya: Select Historical Documents<br /> 1884-1923, East African Publishing<br /> House, 1978, p1<br /> 15 Ibid. p1, cites a memo by IBEA to the West<br /> African Conference of Berlin, October 20,<br /> 1884<br /> 16 Agreement between Great Britain and Germany<br /> Respecting Boundaries in East Africa<br /> – signed in Berlin, July 25, 1893<br /> 17 Accounts of the route to Uganda, and his<br /> personal experiences at Kikuyu, October<br /> 1892, by Francis Hall, the Company’s Superintendent<br /> at Kikuyu<br /> 18 J.F Lipscomb, We Built A Country, Faber and<br /> Faber Ltd, London, 1955<br /> 19 Elspeth Huxley, White Man’s Country: Lord<br /> Delamere and the Making of Kenya, Chatto<br /> and Windus, London, 1935<br /> 20 J.F Lipscomb, We Built A Country, Faber and<br /> Faber Ltd, London, 1955, page 61<br /> 21 Roger van Zwanenberg, The Agricultural<br /> History of Kenya, East African Publishing<br /> House, 1972<br /> 22 E.S Clayton, agrarian development in peasant<br /> economies, Pergamon Press, London,<br /> 1964<br /> 23 E.S Clayton, agrarian development in peasant<br /> economies, Pergamon Press, London,<br /> 1964, page 6-7<br /> 24 J.F Lipscomb, We Built A Country, Faber and<br /> Faber Ltd, London, 1955 page 79<br /> 25 Roger van Zwanenberg, The Agricultural<br /> History of Kenya, East African Publishing<br /> House, 1972, page 8<br /> 26 Roger van Zwanenberg, The Agricultural<br /> History of Kenya, East African Publishing<br /> House, 1972, page 8<br /> 27 Ibid. page 17<br /> 28 Ibid. page 22<br /> 29 H.B Waters, Director of Agriculture, letter to<br /> the Chief Secretary, August 27, 1938<br /> 30 DC, Elgeyo District (Tambach) in a letter to<br /> the PC Rift Valley (Nakuru) dated May 14,<br /> 1934<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 37</div> <div>EU-funded rehabilitation of the<br /> Timboroa-Malaba road.<br /> The Juja weighbridge is to be<br /> upgraded to full traffic control<br /> centre in the reconstruction of the<br /> Nairobi-Thika road funded by the<br /> African Development Bank and the<br /> Government.<br /> The other six weighbridges are<br /> scheduled for upgrading under<br /> contracts for rehabilitation of roads.<br /> The Ministry of Roads has transferred<br /> axle load control to the Kenya<br /> National Highways Authority. The<br /> management of weighbridges will<br /> be outsourced to private contractors.<br /> A special police unit has been<br /> proposed for axle load and heavy<br /> vehicle safety enforcement. The<br /> ministry floated tenders for installation<br /> and commissioning of the management<br /> system in 2008. Installation<br /> and implementation of computerised<br /> traffic management systems<br /> will allow:<br /> ■ Automatic entries into a database<br /> from high-speed/ low-speed<br /> weigh in-motion and static scales<br /> ■ Connectivity with registers of<br /> vehicles and drivers to help verify<br /> data for prosecution<br /> ■ Identification of repeat offenders<br /> and provision of alerts to weighbridge<br /> operators<br /> ■ Monitoring operations by supervisors<br /> at the head office<br /> ■ Regular calibration of weighbridges<br /> to strengthen prosecutions<br /> Regular training of police officers<br /> and weighbridges operators on axle<br /> load control and court procedures<br /> Legal frameworks<br /> Overloading is a criminal offence.<br /> The Traffic Act has been amended,<br /> increasing maximum penalties<br /> for improper vehicle condition<br /> or overloading from Sh20,000<br /> ($250) to Sh400,000 ($5,000) and<br /> maximum penalties for breach of<br /> traffic rules from one to four years.<br /> The Minister for Transport,<br /> amended the rules on axle control<br /> in the Traffic Act to harmonise<br /> them with COMESA rules, including<br /> repeal of the four-axle group<br /> and ban of a vehicle or trailer with<br /> hydraulic, mechanical and pneumatic<br /> mechanism for lifting axles.<br /> Roads 2000 Programme<br /> It is a strategy for the maintenance<br /> of the public road network using<br /> local resources and labour. It is<br /> aimed at improving accessibility<br /> in rural areas. The programme is<br /> designed to:<br /> ■ Be labour-intensive<br /> ■ Use simple and local tools<br /> ■ Use locally available materials<br /> ■ Create jobs for local communities<br /> ■ Address gender parity (at least 30<br /> per cent women to be employed)<br /> ■ Enhance local contracting capacity<br /> The Roads strategy fits within<br /> Kenya Vision 2030 and emphasises<br /> improvement and maintenance of<br /> the country’s road network using<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 589</div> <div>dependencies and other territories,<br /> subscribe to the Declaration of<br /> Commonwealth principles of 1971.<br /> Member countries comprise 19<br /> from Africa, Asia (8), Americas (2),<br /> the Caribbean (12), Europe (3) and<br /> the South Pacific (10). Queen Elizabeth<br /> II of the UK is head of the Commonwealth.<br /> The secretary-general<br /> is the Commonwealth’s global advocate<br /> and CEO.<br /> The Commonwealth, with roots<br /> in the 1870s, believes that the best<br /> democracies are achieved through<br /> partnerships of governments, business<br /> and civil society. The association<br /> was reconstituted in 1949 when<br /> Commonwealth Prime Ministers<br /> adopted what is known as the ‘London<br /> Declaration’ — member countries<br /> would be “freely and equally<br /> associated”.<br /> The most recent members are<br /> Rwanda — which was admitted at<br /> the 2009 Commonwealth Heads of<br /> Government Meeting — Cameroon<br /> and Mozambique. The latter is the<br /> first country with no historical or<br /> administrative association with<br /> another Commonwealth country to<br /> join the association.<br /> Commonwealth organisations<br /> The Commonwealth Secretariat<br /> executes plans agreed by heads<br /> of Government through technical<br /> assistance, advice and policy development<br /> The Commonwealth Foundation<br /> helps civil society organisations promote<br /> democracy, development and<br /> cultural understanding<br /> The Commonwealth of Learning<br /> encourages development and sharing<br /> of open learning and distance<br /> education.<br /> Citizen-to-citizen links are important<br /> to the Commonwealth. Its<br /> worldwide network of about 90<br /> professional and advocacy organisations<br /> continues to grow with a third<br /> of them outside the UK. They work<br /> at local, national, regional or international<br /> levels and play key roles in<br /> policy, political or social aspects of<br /> Commonwealth life.<br /> One such organisation is the<br /> Commonwealth Games Federation,<br /> which manages the four-yearly<br /> sport event.<br /> African Union (AU)<br /> It is the successor of the Organisation<br /> of African Union. Kenya<br /> subscribes to the AU Charter and<br /> has been an active member since<br /> it joined in 1964. It has been at the<br /> forefront of regional conflict resolution<br /> initiatives and actively participated<br /> in the transformation of OAU<br /> to the African Union.<br /> The advent of the AU was an<br /> event of great magnitude in the institutional<br /> evolution of the continent.<br /> On September 9, 1999 (9.9.1999),<br /> the Heads of State and Government<br /> of the Organisation of African Unity<br /> issued the Sirte Declaration, calling<br /> for an African Union to accelerate<br /> integration in the continent so that<br /> it could play its rightful role in the<br /> global economy.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 707</div> <div>Foreword<br /> I<br /> am pleased to present to you the first-ever annual<br /> Kenya Yearbook. This is an invaluable resource for<br /> anyone seeking information about our beautiful<br /> country. It covers a wide range of topics on our<br /> social, political, economic and cultural affairs.<br /> This edition, Kenya Yearbook 2010, begins by<br /> chronicling Kenya’s early history and political<br /> developments. It also gives details of our<br /> geographical and demographical diversity as well as our<br /> rich cultural heritage. Our governance system is discussed<br /> in detail, particularly in light of our new constitutional<br /> dispensation.<br /> The Yearbook then gives an account of Government<br /> programmes and policies as well as key milestones achieved<br /> in our development agenda as guided by our Vision 2030.<br /> Special emphasis is placed on infrastructure development,<br /> social services, trade and investment.<br /> A key feature of this Yearbook is that it celebrates the<br /> achievements of Kenyans across various sectors. These<br /> include musicians, businessmen, researchers as well as<br /> sportsmen and women. Moreover, it recognises institutions<br /> that have made significant contributions to the lives our<br /> people.<br /> 2010 has been a remarkable year for Kenya. On August 27<br /> 2010, we promulgated a new Constitution that had been<br /> ratified at a peaceful referendum on August 4, 2010. This<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> vii</div> <div>Opportunities in parks and reserves<br /> Park/Reserve Proposed Site Proposed Development<br /> Tsavo East<br /> National Park<br /> Chyulu Hills<br /> National Park<br /> Tsavo West<br /> National Park<br /> Ithumba /Utundeni<br /> Ithumba Makuna<br /> Thararakana Blind<br /> Roka -Emusaya<br /> Mukururo Site<br /> Satellite Site<br /> campSinai Site<br /> Old Rombo Site<br /> Manda Site<br /> Kishushe Site<br /> Jipe Site<br /> Kanjaro Site<br /> Man-eaters Motel<br /> Western Conservation Area/R<br /> 10 bed star-bed camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge<br /> 10 bed camp/24 bed luxury tented camp<br /> 10 bed camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ Luxury tented camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented camp<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented camp<br /> 12 bed cottage<br /> 30 bed eco-lodge/ luxury tented camp<br /> 24 bed motel and restaurant<br /> Park/Reserve Proposed Site Proposed Development<br /> Kakamega National Reserve Isiukhu 24 bed tree-house<br /> Ruma National Park Kampi ya Nyati 24 bed luxury tented camp<br /> Saiwa Swamp National Park To be identified 12 bed cottages<br /> Mt. Elgon National Park To be identified 24 bed eco-lodge<br /> Northern Conservation Area<br /> Park/Reserve Proposed Site Proposed Development<br /> Marsabit National Reserve To be identified 24 bed tree-house<br /> Sibiloi National Park To be identified 24 bed eco-lodge<br /> who excel are picked for the Special<br /> Olympics.<br /> Cultural tourism<br /> Travelling has always been about<br /> discovery, and it is through visiting<br /> other countries that we learn<br /> about the world. Tourism is not just<br /> a financial exchange; it is about the<br /> exchange of experience and learning<br /> about new places, faces and<br /> people. The best way to understand<br /> another culture is to experience it<br /> firsthand, and this is the true value of<br /> the tourist trade.<br /> Kenya is no different. While many<br /> tourists visit Kenya to experience<br /> our famous wildlife or beaches, for<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1013</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> Fibre optic cable<br /> comes to Kenya<br /> On June 12, 2009,<br /> the East Africa Marine<br /> Systems (TEAMS)<br /> fibre optic submarine<br /> cable landed in<br /> Kenya. President Mwai<br /> Kibaki receives it from<br /> Mr Samuel Poghisio, the<br /> Minister for Information<br /> and Communications.<br /> At right is Dr Bitange<br /> Ndemo, the Permanent<br /> Secretary in the ministry.<br /> TEAMS is a joint<br /> venture between the<br /> Government and the<br /> Emirates Telecommunication<br /> Technology and<br /> a consortium of local<br /> investors. The 4,500km<br /> cable links Mombasa to<br /> Fujairah in the United<br /> Arab Emirates.<br /> www.physog.com<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 242<br /> infrastructure. KBC will set up an<br /> independent company to run signal<br /> distribution services to avoid conflict<br /> of interest or cross subsidies.<br /> Other broadcasters, too, should<br /> share infrastructure so that individual<br /> television stations no longer<br /> own masts.<br /> The new format will also allow<br /> provision of high-definition television<br /> services (HD-TV) or provide<br /> non-TV services such as multimedia<br /> or interactivity with programming.<br /> Digital broadcasts also allow<br /> the use of special services such<br /> as multiplexing (more than one<br /> programme on the same channel),<br /> electronic programme guides and<br /> additional languages, spoken or<br /> sub-titled. A selling point for digital<br /> broadcasts is clarity. Digitised signals<br /> resist ghosting or noise.<br /> Even if some information is missing<br /> or wrong, the decoder computer<br /> can reconstruct the complete signal.<br /> It can only fail to do so if the decoder<br /> does not receive enough information<br /> from the antenna — when there<br /> is too much interference for the<br /> decoder to read numbers and produce<br /> the picture. This can render a<br /> digital signal completely or partially<br /> unwatchable in situations where an<br /> analogue signal would still be usable<br /> in urban (ghosting due to multipath)<br /> and rural (weak signal) areas.</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 280<br /> tems. In early 2010, more than 1,000<br /> Government officials, 200 from the<br /> police force, were trained on basic<br /> computer skills. Others were public<br /> communication officers and secretaries.<br /> Infrastructure development<br /> The Government Common Core<br /> Network (GCCN) is a fibre optic<br /> Wide Area Network connecting the<br /> 31 Government headquarters in<br /> Nairobi. The launch of GCCN has<br /> led to fast and efficient transactions<br /> in Government.<br /> Plans are on to reach rural<br /> communities with connectivity<br /> and e-Government services. One<br /> such initiative is the Community<br /> Learning and Information Centre,<br /> Mawasiliano Vijijini, a programme<br /> that provides computers, Internet<br /> services and training in the communities.<br /> The project, which is undertaken<br /> with the support of USaid, will provide<br /> affordable technology and help<br /> develop skills needed to succeed in<br /> modern globalised economies. The<br /> pilot phase of the project will involve<br /> 16 constituencies, which will represent<br /> the whole country.<br /> China connection<br /> During President Kibaki’s visit to<br /> China in 2005 and subsequent visit<br /> by the Chinese President to Kenya<br /> in 2006, bilateral agreements were<br /> reached between the two countries.<br /> Among them was co-operation<br /> in ICT. A $42 million (Sh3.36 bil-<br /> BPOs and call centres<br /> Kensys Co Ltd<br /> Direct Channel<br /> Quick Data<br /> Horizon Contact Centres<br /> Kentech Data<br /> Bluelinesynergy Ltd.<br /> Kencall Ltd<br /> Call Center Solutions East<br /> Africa Ltd<br /> KPLC<br /> Skyweb Evans<br /> Global Connect Call Centre<br /> Andest Bites<br /> Verve K.O<br /> Kesyde Enterprises<br /> Ken-tech Data Ltd<br /> Cascade Global<br /> Hardware and software<br /> Verviant Consultancy<br /> Telkom Kenya<br /> Kenya Data Networks<br /> Access Kenya<br /> Data Bit<br /> Smoothtel Data Solutions<br /> Seven Seas Technologies<br /> Mbagu Enterprises<br /> Databit Ltd<br /> www.kenyabposociety.or.ke<br /> lion) contract was signed in 2007<br /> between the Government and<br /> China’s Huawei Technologies for<br /> the provision of ICT equipment,<br /> construction of a central data centre<br /> and backup, supply of interconnectivity<br /> equipment between the data<br /> centre and Government offices, and<br /> training.<br /> The data centre will be the processing<br /> powerhouse and storage of<br /> critical Government applications<br /> now processed at various ministries.<br /> It also includes a data back up<br /> component and an operation centre</div> <div>Immigration<br /> Evolution of the<br /> modern passport<br /> Once completed, the strategy will revolutionise<br /> immigration services. It will pave way<br /> for provision of e-services and modernise<br /> registration and issuing of national identity<br /> cards. Documents such as passports and<br /> national identity cards will be tamper-proof<br /> to minimise forgery. The planned changes<br /> include establishment of new border control<br /> points.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 880<br /> The earliest mention of<br /> what we might recognise<br /> as a passport appears<br /> in the Bible, the book<br /> of Nehemiah. In the<br /> month of Nisan, 450BC,<br /> the prophet, a royal<br /> cup-bearer, was granted<br /> letters from Persian<br /> King Artaxerxes requesting<br /> governors of lands<br /> beyond the Euphrates to<br /> grant him safe passage<br /> to Judah.<br /> In Britain, the earliest<br /> reference to a document<br /> was in 1414. From 1540,<br /> granting travel papers<br /> became the business of<br /> the Privy Council. From<br /> 1794, the Secretary of<br /> State office took control<br /> of passports, a function<br /> of the Home Office now.<br /> But British passports were<br /> written in French until<br /> 1858. Passports of other<br /> countries are remarkably<br /> similar to Britain’s.<br /> do have their quirks.<br /> www.guardian.co.uk<br /> Passports<br /> Reforms have paid dividends, making acquiring<br /> a passport one of the simplest processes<br /> in Kenya. All an applicant needs to do is fill a<br /> form, pay Sh3,040 ($38) for a 48-page passport<br /> and wait for 10 days. Thanks to technological<br /> advancement, applicants can also<br /> apply for passports online. They can also visit<br /> Immigration offices in the morning before<br /> going to work or after. To make this possible,<br /> officials in the Passport Section serve clients<br /> as early as 7am and as late as 8pm.<br /> The installation of a system for the issuance<br /> of new generation passports has<br /> reduced the waiting period for a new document<br /> from 21 days to 10. At the click of a<br /> button, an Immigration official can monitor<br /> the progress of an application and tell with<br /> certainty when the passport will be ready for<br /> collection. Process automation has made it<br /> possible to track the location and progress of<br /> a file. The introduction of a tracking number<br /> has simplified the process.<br /> Another key innovation is the use of<br /> mobile telephone technology, through a<br /> short message service (SMS), to provide the<br /> public with information on the progress of<br /> their documents.<br /> In 2006, the Government scrapped the<br /> requirement that passport applicants provide<br /> invitation letters from friends, relatives</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1026<br /> other charges are paid to the respective third<br /> party.<br /> Interest rates are set as follows: 15 per cent<br /> for the Commercial Loan Programme and 14<br /> per cent for the Revolving Fund Programme.<br /> The rates may be reviewed according to<br /> KTDC policies. Loans are paid over a maximum<br /> of 10 years. Only loans for the purchase<br /> of vehicles are paid in three years.<br /> The legal status of the applicant company<br /> shall be required: Certificate of incorporation,<br /> memorandum and articles of association and<br /> board resolution to borrow. A feasibility study<br /> report providing background information of<br /> company directors, including age, percentage<br /> shareholding, occupation, education, experience<br /> and any other relevant information are<br /> needed.<br /> Pledge adequate security for KTDC loan<br /> and provide a copy of the title deed that must<br /> be free of encumbrances. The security value<br /> should be at least 30 per cent above the principal<br /> loan sought. Provide a letter authorising<br /> the corporation to commission valuers to<br /> prepare a report valuation of the pledged<br /> security and give an undertaking to pay valuation<br /> fees directly to the corporation valuers<br /> should also be provided<br /> An environmental impact assessment<br /> must be provided on submission of the feasibility<br /> study.<br /> Kenya Tourist Board (KTB)<br /> It was set up in 1997 to promote and market<br /> Kenya as a tourist destination internationally<br /> and locally. KTB is an independent marketing<br /> authority for tourism.<br /> KTB is managed by a board of directors,<br /> who are major stakeholders in tourism and<br /> a managing director who oversees marketing<br /> initiatives and campaigns. Its marketing<br /> The Maasai enigma<br /> The Maasai authentic and<br /> intriguing culture is a<br /> tourist attraction. Safari<br /> tours enable visiting<br /> tourists and Kenyans to<br /> explore the Maasai rich<br /> cultural heritage — visit<br /> their homes and attend<br /> cultural shows. The tours<br /> also provide an opportunity<br /> to take part in the<br /> Maasai dance and buy<br /> traditional jewelry, art<br /> and craft to take home as<br /> souvenirs.<br /> www.kenya-information-guide.com/<br /> maasai</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> Kenya’s black gold<br /> and rainfall in the regions. This is mainly<br /> because of the winds and differences in the<br /> height above sea level. The rains come in two<br /> seasons: The long rains between March and<br /> June, and the short ones between October<br /> and November. Generally, temperatures are<br /> higher in January, February and March.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 62<br /> The country produced<br /> 57,000 metric tonnes of<br /> coffee in 2008/09 crop<br /> year. Of this, specialty<br /> is estimated at 50 per<br /> cent. The volume of<br /> coffee produced in the<br /> country has been on a<br /> decline from a high of<br /> 128,000 metric tonnes<br /> in 1987/88 to 42,000<br /> in 2007/08. According<br /> to Eastern Africa Fine<br /> Coffees Association, high<br /> production costs and<br /> limited availability of<br /> land, labour and water<br /> are key challenges for<br /> the coffee industry.<br /> In Kenya, hundreds of<br /> thousands of smallholder<br /> farmers belong<br /> to cooperative societies.<br /> Efforts have been made<br /> to increase productivity.<br /> www.eafca.org<br /> Flora<br /> The vegetation and animals of Kenya reflect<br /> the variety of its topography and climate. At<br /> the Coast, mangrove swamps and coconut<br /> trees flourish. Rain forests, Arabuko Sokoke,<br /> abound about. The hinterland and northern<br /> regions are covered with grasslands, low bush<br /> and scrub, giving way to the highlands and<br /> plains. The highlands are partly forest, full of<br /> bamboo and trees. The most common are<br /> the African Olive, African camphor, podo,<br /> pencil cedar and Meru oak.<br /> Beyond the highlands is open savannah<br /> dotted with thorn trees. Further north, closer<br /> to Lake Turkana in the more arid areas, is<br /> bare earth, low lying scrubs and stony land.<br /> Kenya’s flora comprises thousands of plant<br /> species. During the dry seasons, the grasslands<br /> and savannah are covered by lifeless<br /> yellow grass, but as soon as the rains start, the<br /> grass becomes green and flowers colourful.<br /> The plains are covered with acacia and baobab.<br /> Kenya has more than 40 acacia varieties,<br /> which are valuable for hardwood. They also<br /> provide food for wildlife, especially in the<br /> Masai Mara where they are found in plenty.<br /> Major forests at the Coast, Central and<br /> Western highlands support a rich and diverse<br /> range of plant and tree species. In western<br /> Kenya, equatorial-like forests have massive<br /> trees and dense undergrowth. This creates<br /> perfect sanctuaries for smaller mammals and<br /> plants.</div> <div>Rwang’ondu and Marmanet in<br /> Molo, Laikipia and Kuresoi districts.<br /> Fifteen farms — 6,465.7 acres —<br /> have been identified. Eight have<br /> been paid for at Sh186.599 million<br /> ($2.33 million), while Sh857.037<br /> million ($10.71 million) will be<br /> spent to acquire five farms of 4,102<br /> acres.<br /> Housing<br /> Great effort has gone to building<br /> new houses for the displaced people<br /> and rehabilitating destroyed ones.<br /> The ministry has rehabilitated<br /> 78,254 houses destroyed in the<br /> chaos. The international community<br /> and local humanitarian organisations<br /> have offered invaluable support<br /> to the displaced families.<br /> Some development partners have<br /> helped the ministry to reconstruct<br /> some houses and infrastructure<br /> destroyed during the skirmishes.<br /> Through a three-year project Sh1.5<br /> billion from the African Development<br /> Bank, the Government targets<br /> to build 19,000 houses and provide<br /> the households with farm inputs in<br /> Molo and Uasin Gishu.<br /> So far, 2,425 houses have been<br /> completed. Another 6,900 households<br /> of the targeted 8,500 received<br /> farm inputs in the 2009-2010 financial<br /> year.<br /> The Government has collaborated<br /> with the private sector, UN<br /> agencies, NGOs and religious<br /> groups to rebuild houses for<br /> IDPs. Under this arrangement,<br /> 28,939 houses have been built. For<br /> instance, the United Nations High<br /> Commission for Refugees built<br /> 6,263 houses in Kipkelion, Nakuru<br /> and Molo, while the Royal Media<br /> Services donated 3,500 iron sheets<br /> worth Sh2.1 million ($26,250) to displaced<br /> families in Uasin Gishu.<br /> The Kenya Red Cross Society, the<br /> lead agency in disaster management<br /> in the country, has constructed 433<br /> houses in Uasin Gishu, Matharu and<br /> Lugari, while the Japanese government<br /> has rebuilt 4,023 houses. A<br /> humanitarian organisation, Hope<br /> Africa Management Initiative, has<br /> built 500 houses in Molo, while the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 745</div> <div>Disaster management<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 734</div> <div>Convention Against Corruption in<br /> December 2003 in Merida, Mexico.<br /> This was after becoming a signatory<br /> to the AU Convention on Preventing<br /> and Combating Corruption in 2003.<br /> Kenya later ratified the AU Convention<br /> in 2007. In 2004, a National<br /> Anti-Corruption Steering Committee<br /> was established to complement<br /> KACC in the fight against corruption.<br /> KACC<br /> Although the Anti-Corruption<br /> and Economic Crimes Act was<br /> enacted in May 2003, it was not<br /> until September 2004 that KACC<br /> director and assistant directors were<br /> appointed after parliamentary vetting<br /> and presidential appointment.<br /> The Act also establishes the<br /> Kenya Anti-Corruption Advisory<br /> Board, which recommends those to<br /> be appointed as directors and assistant<br /> directors. It also advises KACC<br /> on the exercise of its powers and<br /> performance of its functions.<br /> KACC comprises four directorates<br /> — Legal Services, Investigation<br /> and Asset Tracing, Prevention Services,<br /> and Finance and Administration.<br /> The departments under Legal<br /> Services are civil litigation, crime<br /> reading and research and documentation.<br /> Investigation and Asset<br /> Recovery comprises report and<br /> data centre, forensic investigation,<br /> special operations and intelligence<br /> production units.<br /> The three departments under<br /> Prevention Services are education,<br /> research and policy, partnerships,<br /> coalitions and interventions (prevention).<br /> KACC has spearheaded<br /> and coordinated the creation and<br /> implementation of the National<br /> Anti-Corruption Plan involving all<br /> sectors in the war on corruption.<br /> In 2009, the cases handled by<br /> KACC increased by 15.6 per cent<br /> to 4,473. The greatest increase was<br /> in cases referred to public service<br /> organisations for administrative<br /> interventions and those awaiting<br /> investigation.<br /> National Anti-Corruption Campaign<br /> Steering Committee<br /> It was established in 2004. The<br /> objective of the committee is to<br /> spearhead anti-corruption education,<br /> attitude and culture change.<br /> The committee’s history dates back<br /> to the launch of the National Anti-<br /> Corruption Plan by President Kibaki<br /> in 2003. An interim committee was<br /> set up in August of the same year to<br /> design the campaign.<br /> The committee has a broad mandate:<br /> Establishing a framework for a<br /> nationwide campaign against corruption,<br /> changing attitudes towards<br /> corruption, mobilising stakeholders<br /> for an anti-corruption culture and<br /> the fight against the vice and developing<br /> programmes that strengthen<br /> the fight against corruption.<br /> Anglican Archbishop Eliud<br /> Wabukala heads the committee.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 829</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 618<br /> temperatures at +4 degrees Celsius and the<br /> fresh produce area 6,458.4sq feet. It has four<br /> office units for clients, a strong room and 30<br /> vehicle parking slots.<br /> The Signon Freight complex is 161,460<br /> sq feet, the export area 9,680sq feet and<br /> the import area 9,680sq feet. Cold rooms<br /> measure 9,687.6sq feet, and three bonded<br /> warehouses measuring 29,040 sq feet. The<br /> car park bay has 20 slots and the building has<br /> 40 offices.<br /> Moi International Airport<br /> It handles 18 airlines flying directly to and<br /> from Europe, and offers connections to more<br /> A bigger JKIA<br /> Kenya Airports Authority<br /> has expand Jomo Kenyatta<br /> International Airport since<br /> 2005. As a result, airport<br /> facilities have improved. The<br /> expansion was necessary<br /> when annual passenger flow<br /> topped four million (now it<br /> has hit five million) for an<br /> airport built to handle 2.5<br /> million passengers. When<br /> the expansion is complete,<br /> the capacity will be nine million<br /> passengers. JKIA’s size<br /> will be more than doubled.<br /> Aircraft parking will increase<br /> from 200,000sq metres to<br /> over 300,000. The expansion<br /> is meant to give it Category<br /> 1 status that will allow direct<br /> flights between Kenya and<br /> North America.<br /> www.airport-technology.com</div> <div>Economy, Nairobi Metropolitan Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 850<br /> Now they are under construction.<br /> In 1973, the Government compensated<br /> those whose land was<br /> affected by the bypass plan. When<br /> the eastern and southern bypasses<br /> are completed, traffic jams in the<br /> country will dramatically reduce.<br /> Together with the Government<br /> overall infrastructure programme<br /> that is on course — construction of<br /> new roads, widening and repairing<br /> others — vehicular traffic challenges<br /> will be solved.<br /> Heavy transit traffic is witnessed<br /> between 7am and 10am, and from<br /> 4pm to 8pm.<br /> The holding grounds should be<br /> identified within the park and ride<br /> facilities.<br /> To reduce traffic, high occupancy<br /> vehicles of up to 60 and more standing<br /> passengers will be allowed.<br /> The CBD will also be expanded.<br /> The expansion will include Westlands,<br /> Pangani and Eastleigh into<br /> Jogoo Road; Lusaka Road into Nairobi<br /> West; Langata Road and Mbagathi<br /> into Hurlingham via the missing<br /> link and back to Westlands.</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 426<br /> ern Province. Groups of armed<br /> shiftas (bandits) started a clandestine<br /> insurgency movement, aimed<br /> at claiming the NFD, which they<br /> alleged belonged to Somalia. 3 KR<br /> played a major role in crushing the<br /> menace and effectively defended<br /> the country’s borders. All along, the<br /> battalion was stationed at ‘Lugard<br /> Barracks’, now Nanyuki Barracks.<br /> The battalion has also carried<br /> out its secondary role of aiding civil<br /> authorities and performance of<br /> ceremonial duties. It has won many<br /> trophies in various competitions,<br /> including rifle shooting, athletics,<br /> boxing and football.<br /> 5 Kenya Rifles<br /> When Somalia gained independence,<br /> it laid claim to the North<br /> Eastern Province (NEP) of Kenya.<br /> Attempts to solve the issue diplomatically<br /> failed as Somalia used<br /> aggressive means in her expansionist<br /> policy. 5 KR became the first battalion<br /> to be deployed to counter the<br /> insurgency. Throughout the campaign,<br /> known as the Shifta War, 5KR<br /> played a leading role in countering<br /> the threat.<br /> 7 Kenya Rifles<br /> 7 KR was located at Gilgil in a camp<br /> formerly held by British troops. The<br /> first task of the unit was to clean and<br /> repair the camp. The unit moved to<br /> its current base at Langata in 1973.<br /> 1 Kenya Rifles<br /> 1 st Kenya Rifles was formed as the<br /> 11 th Kings African Rifles (11 th KAR)<br /> in 1941 as a garrison unit. Immediately<br /> after training, it was sent to<br /> Abyssinia (Ethiopia) during the Second<br /> World War.<br /> Over the years, the battalion has<br /> actively taken part in internal security<br /> operations. The unit has had<br /> significant achievements, including<br /> the recovery of a large number of<br /> assorted weapons and ammunition<br /> in the Boka Wells Operation of 1996.<br /> Immediately after its formation, the<br /> unit was involved in the anti-Shifta<br /> campaign.<br /> The operation was expensive in<br /> terms of loss of lives for civilians and<br /> destroyed equipment.<br /> The insurgency set the stage for<br /> present-day anti-banditry operations<br /> in North Eastern and Eastern<br /> provinces.<br /> Throughout the campaigns, the<br /> unit was deployed in company size<br /> with patrol bases in Isiolo, Garbatula<br /> and Merti.<br /> 9 Kenya Rifles<br /> The 9 th Battalion Kenya Rifles was<br /> formed on September 1, 1979. Initial<br /> troops were drawn from other infantry<br /> units — 3 KR, 5 KR and 7 KR.<br /> Thereafter, more officers and men<br /> were posted to the new unit. The<br /> Battalion is at Moi Barracks near<br /> Eldoret town.<br /> It got its colours on December 12,<br /> 1980. The unit celebrated the tenth<br /> anniversary on September 1, 1989<br /> and trooped its colours for the first<br /> time in December 12, 2001.</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 584<br /> tenance, with collections rising<br /> to Sh40 million in the 2008-2009<br /> financial year. Other sources, mainly<br /> interest on funds not immediately<br /> usable for road works, have yielded<br /> Sh95 million ($1.18 million). KRB<br /> will pursue other agricultural cess<br /> (tea, horticulture and sugar) and<br /> other sources of funds.<br /> The period the funds from KRB<br /> should reach road agencies at the<br /> districts has reduced from three<br /> months to 15 days.<br /> The board coordinates the implementation<br /> of policies on the development,<br /> rehabilitation and maintenance<br /> of the road network. KRB<br /> facilitated the Joint Reforms Steering<br /> Committee out of which the Kenya<br /> Roads Act, 2007 was enacted.<br /> The board commissioned a Road<br /> Inventory and Condition Survey<br /> Consultancy for the road network.<br /> The data is vital for planning. A road<br /> reclassification study was done so<br /> that all roads are reclassified according<br /> to KRB rules, regulations, procedures<br /> and guidelines for use by road<br /> agencies.<br /> District Roads Committees (DRCs)<br /> Members of the committees are:<br /> The chairman or mayor of every<br /> local authority and MPs in the<br /> district, the DC and district roads<br /> engineer. Two members co-opted<br /> to represent special interests. The<br /> committee’s functions are performed<br /> by the Ministry of Roads<br /> through district roads engineers.<br /> Road authorities<br /> The Kenya Roads Act 2007 established<br /> three road authorities —<br /> Kenya National Highways Authority,<br /> Kenya Rural Roads Authority and<br /> Kenya Urban Roads Authority.<br /> The authorities manage, develop,<br /> rehabilitate and maintain trunk<br /> roads, urban roads and rural roads<br /> in Kenya. They started work in the<br /> 2009/2010 financial year.<br /> Kenya National Highways Authority<br /> (KNHA)<br /> It is an autonomous agency responsible<br /> for the management, develop-</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Roads<br /> An efficient road system is crucial<br /> for economic and social development.<br /> Roads are the primary communication<br /> links to all sectors of the<br /> economy and the population.<br /> Kenya has a more developed<br /> transport system than other countries<br /> in the region. The country has<br /> a road network of about 180,000km,<br /> of which 63,000km are classified,<br /> 14,000km unclassified urban roads<br /> and 100,800km unclassified rural<br /> roads (including 9,000km in game<br /> parks and national game reserves).<br /> Of the total road network, about<br /> 11,500km are paved and the rest<br /> unpaved low volume roads. Roads<br /> in Kenya can broadly be categorised<br /> as national, district, urban and special<br /> purpose roads, depending on<br /> the authority primarily responsible<br /> for their management.<br /> National roads<br /> They are the main highways of the<br /> classified road network. They are<br /> managed by the Roads Depart-<br /> ment of the ministry and facilitate<br /> mobility on a national scale. Traffic<br /> on the roads is associated with long<br /> distance travel and their design<br /> allows for high speed and minimal<br /> interference from crossing traffic.<br /> Further classification of roads<br /> is based on function. Class A are<br /> international trunk roads linking<br /> international boundaries or terminating<br /> at international ports, Class<br /> B are national trunk roads that link<br /> provincial headquarters and centres<br /> of national importance. Class C are<br /> primary roads linking district headquarters<br /> to one another or to higher<br /> class roads.<br /> District roads<br /> They comprise classes D and E,<br /> and other unclassified rural roads<br /> (excluding urban roads) and are<br /> managed by District Roads Committees.<br /> They primarily serve local<br /> traffic. The design speeds are lower,<br /> while access control is more relaxed<br /> than that for trunk roads. Further<br /> classification of roads is as defined<br /> Length by Surface Type (km)<br /> Road<br /> Total<br /> Class<br /> Surface<br /> Premix<br /> Gravel Earth<br /> Dressing<br /> International Trunk Roads (A) 1,243 1,564 715 94 3,616<br /> National Roads (B) 350 1,166 819 346 2,682<br /> Primary Roads (C) 568 2,198 3,602 1,628 7,996<br /> Secondary Roads (D) 77 1,183 5,702 4,088 11,049<br /> Minor Roads (E) 100 542 8,216 18,049 26,906<br /> Special Purpose Roads (SPR) 25 115 4,930 6,254 11,323<br /> All classes Total 2,362 6,768 23,984 30,459 63,572<br /> 570</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> Achievements of<br /> the Ministry of Lands<br /> The ministry has made many<br /> strides in recent years in<br /> an effort to offer efficient,<br /> effective and fast services<br /> to the public, groups and<br /> organisations.<br /> In the first quarter of<br /> 2009/2010, the Ministry of<br /> Lands approved 3,800 applications<br /> for development in<br /> 30 days. In addition, 24,216<br /> title deeds were issued in 30<br /> days, while 47,367 parcels of<br /> land were registered.<br /> Of 300 boundary disputes<br /> reported in the first quarter,<br /> 150 were resolved and<br /> 250,000 lands records automated.<br /> The ministry collects a<br /> lot of revenue for the Government,<br /> now in the upwards of<br /> Sh6 billion annually<br /> www.lands.go.ke<br /> 82</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> Effects of heroin<br /> On the central nervous<br /> system: Drowsiness, disorientation,<br /> delirium<br /> On the cardiovascular<br /> and respiratory system:<br /> Shallow breathing, respiratory<br /> depression<br /> On the eyes, ears, mouth<br /> and nose: Dry mouth,<br /> eye pupil constriction<br /> Gastrointestinal: Nausea,<br /> vomiting and constipation<br /> On the urinary system:<br /> Urinary retention and<br /> muscle spasticity<br /> On the neurological system:<br /> Physical and psychological<br /> dependence,<br /> confusion and euphoria<br /> Skin: Itching<br /> www.nacada.go.ke/<br /> drugs/heroin effects<br /> References<br /> • Kurian, George Thomas. World Encyclopedia of Police<br /> Forces and Penal Systems Facts on File: New York, 1989.<br /> • Majeshi Yetu Magazine 2nd Quarter 2001.<br /> • Majeshi Yetu Magazine 2nd Quarter 2004.<br /> • Majeshi Yetu Magazine October-December 2006<br /> • Mutinda, Duncan M. Redefining The Role of Military in<br /> Arica in the Emerging Strategic Security Landscape<br /> • Munyoki, Michael Mulwa. Armed Forces in Counter Disaster<br /> Management as a Strategy for Enhanced National<br /> Development<br /> • Ist Army Day Souvenir Journal<br /> • National Defence College website<br /> • www.kenyapolice.go.ke<br /> • Kenya Police Annual Report 2007<br /> • Kenya Police Annual Report 2008<br /> • Kenya Police Annual Report 2009<br /> • wwwadministrationpolice.go.ke<br /> • www.nsis.go.ke<br /> • www.mod.go.ke<br /> • www.nacada.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 450</div> <div>pay Sh150 ($1.875) an adult<br /> and Sh50 a child.<br /> • Guided park tours. The programme<br /> is for school groups<br /> which book.<br /> • Collaborative conservation —<br /> with NGOs and other groups<br /> involved in environmental and<br /> wildlife conservation<br /> • KWS organises events for the<br /> World Tourism Day — park<br /> cleaning and tree planting<br /> The centre has two dormitories<br /> with a capacity of 36 each and<br /> separate room for group leaders.<br /> Visitors bring their own bedsheets<br /> and toiletries. Two blankets are<br /> provided for each person. Kenyans<br /> pay Sh250 an adult a night and Sh50<br /> a student. Non-Kenyans pay $10<br /> (Sh800) an adult a night and a student<br /> $8 (Sh640). A non-refundable<br /> booking fee of Sh1,000 ($12.5)<br /> is charged. The kitchen is fully<br /> equipped — with utensils and cutlery<br /> for about 50 people — and there<br /> is a dining facility. Visitors bring<br /> their own food, firewood, charcoal<br /> and cook for themselves.<br /> A lecture hall, with a video<br /> machine player, TV, video cassettes,<br /> overhead projector, slide projector<br /> and other teaching aids — are<br /> provided. Community groups are<br /> charged Sh1,500 ($20) a day.<br /> A 62-seater bus is available for<br /> hire to the Lake Nakuru National<br /> Park from the Nakuru Municipality<br /> at Sh8,000 ($100) for half a day.<br /> Other bus hire packages are Nakuru<br /> to Nairobi (national park, museum,<br /> Giraffe Centre) — Sh25,000<br /> ($312.5); Nakuru to Naivasha, Hell’s<br /> Gate — Sh15,000 ($187.5) and<br /> Nakuru to Lake Bogoria and Baringo<br /> — Sh20,000 ($250)<br /> Tsavo East Education Centre<br /> The conservation centre was established<br /> in 1972 and had several<br /> accommodation facilities — dormitories,<br /> lecture hall and catering facilities.<br /> It serves learning communities<br /> — members of WCK, students and<br /> groups. It disseminates environmental<br /> and wildlife conservation awareness<br /> to all. It uses various methods<br /> to pass conservation messages:<br /> Guided park tours, lectures, video<br /> shows, exhibits, library reference,<br /> nature trail walks, outreach, lecture<br /> and video shows to schools and<br /> colleges<br /> The centre’s objectives are to<br /> provide opportunities for learning<br /> about environmental and wildlife<br /> conservation, create awareness of<br /> wildlife and habitats and change<br /> people’s attitudes to environmental<br /> and wildlife conservation.<br /> Facilities at the centre include<br /> three dormitories for visitors and<br /> a separate room for group leaders<br /> and beds and mattresses for up to<br /> 50 visitors. The accommodation<br /> charges: Residents: Sh50 a student<br /> and Sh100 an adult a night. Nonresidents<br /> pay $8 (Sh640) a student<br /> and $10 (Sh800) an adult<br /> A 62-seater bus and a 24-seater<br /> minibus are available for hire at<br /> Sh28 ($0.35) a kilometre travelled.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1063</div> <div>tor, Infrastructure and Economic<br /> Services and the Private Sector<br /> Development Divisions. Some of<br /> its projects cover policy modelling ,<br /> domestic and external debt, private<br /> investment and economic growth,<br /> finance policies, banking and interest<br /> rates, public expenditure and<br /> exchange rate management.<br /> On external trade, KIPPRA<br /> researches on regional integration,<br /> policy for export crops, land laws<br /> and agricultural development,<br /> small and medium enterprises and<br /> improving Kenya’s competitiveness,<br /> tourism policy and tax reform.<br /> In regard to poverty issues, the<br /> organisation analyses the education<br /> structure and performance, health<br /> and the impact of HIV/Aids and<br /> malaria. KIPPRA also deals with<br /> issues on infrastructure finance,<br /> decentralisation, privatisation and<br /> regulation.<br /> The institute provides in-service<br /> training and short-term training to<br /> professionals in Government ministries<br /> and agencies. KIPPRA liaises<br /> with the Kenya National Bureau of<br /> Statistics in designing surveys and<br /> preparing data collection instruments,<br /> economic surveys and statistical<br /> abstracts.<br /> KIPPRA has links with local and<br /> international research organisations.<br /> It publishes technical and<br /> policy papers and comments on<br /> economic performance. The institution<br /> organises regular seminars<br /> and workshops to disseminate its<br /> findings.<br /> (www.kippra.org)<br /> Kenyan researchers<br /> Thomas Risley Odhiambo<br /> Prof Odhiambo was born on February<br /> 4, 1931 and died on May<br /> 26, 2003. He was a prominent<br /> scientist who founded ICIPE, an<br /> international research organisation<br /> renowned for giving African farmers<br /> low-cost solutions for pest control.<br /> Odhiambo, a Cambridge-educated<br /> entomologist, founded what<br /> became ICIPE in 1967 at the University<br /> of Nairobi, where he taught.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 917</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 466<br /> in March 2006. The policy sets out<br /> principles that will guide decisions<br /> determining pay in the Public Service:<br /> • Equal pay for equal work. Staff in<br /> similar job positions with similar<br /> responsibilities will be remunerated<br /> in a similar manner.<br /> • Capacity to attract, retain and<br /> motivate personnel with requisite<br /> skills. Compensation will be<br /> adequate to attract, retain and<br /> motivate qualified professional,<br /> managerial and technical personnel.<br /> • An affordable wage bill. Pay will<br /> be systematically improved in<br /> an affordable and sustainable<br /> manner maintaining an appropriate<br /> balance between the wage<br /> bill and expenditures Improved<br /> transparency of the compensation<br /> structure to improve links<br /> between pay and performance.<br /> The use of non-salary benefits compensation<br /> will be minimised by consolidating<br /> remunerative allowances<br /> into basic salary.<br /> The Board has recommended salary<br /> adjustments in most sub-sectors in<br /> line with the banding system. This<br /> has significantly changed the remuneration<br /> levels, making it more competitive.<br /> Due to previous disparities,<br /> harmonisation has taken time and is<br /> still going on.<br /> The board intends to monitor the<br /> cost of living, comparative public<br /> and private sector remuneration<br /> and other factors that have a bearing<br /> on morale, efficiency and productivity<br /> and narrow the remuneration<br /> gap between public and private<br /> sector.<br /> Membership<br /> The board comprises a chairman,<br /> 14 members and a chief executive.<br /> Eleven members represent various<br /> sub-sectors of the Public Service,<br /> while three represent the private<br /> sector.<br /> • Secretary to the Cabinet and<br /> Head of the Public Service or his<br /> alternate not below the level of<br /> Deputy Secretary<br /> • Permanent Secretary/Director<br /> of Personnel Management or an<br /> alternate not below the level of<br /> Under Secretary<br /> • Permanent Secretary, Ministry<br /> of Finance or an alternate not<br /> below the level of Under Secretary<br /> • Attorney-General or a representative<br /> • Secretary, Public Service Commission<br /> or an alternate, not<br /> below the level of Under Secretary<br /> • Inspector-General, State Corporations<br /> or his alternate not below<br /> the level of Under Secretary<br /> • A representative from the Disciplined<br /> Services nominated by<br /> the Chief of General Staff of the<br /> Armed Forces of Kenya, and not<br /> below the rank of brigadier<br /> • A representative of public universities<br /> not below the level of Deputy<br /> Vice-Chancellor nominated<br /> by the Minister for Education</div> <div>Largest town between<br /> Nairobi and Mogadishu<br /> Garissa is in North-Eastern<br /> Province. Tana River flows<br /> through the town. Most<br /> residents are ethnic Somalis.<br /> Local legend has it that<br /> British, who established it<br /> as a gateway to NEP and<br /> Somalia, named it ‘Garissa’<br /> after a Pokomo elder Karisa.<br /> It was meant to be the largest<br /> town between Nairobi<br /> and Mogadishu. Garissa has<br /> more 17,000 registered<br /> traders.<br /> Trade revolves around<br /> agricultural products, merchandise,<br /> hospitality and<br /> service industry. On the<br /> outskirts, there is potential<br /> for tourism, but a history of<br /> banditry has kept would-be<br /> visitors away..<br /> www.skyscrapercity.com<br /> Yaya Centre, ABC Place, Crossroads and<br /> T-Mall. Nakumatt, Uchumi and Tuskys are<br /> the largest supermarket chains with stores<br /> throughout the city.<br /> There are six golf courses within a 20km<br /> radius of Nairobi. The oldest 18-hole course<br /> is the Royal Nairobi Golf Club, founded in<br /> 1906 by the British. Others are the Windsor<br /> Country Club, Karen Country Club and<br /> Muthaiga Country Club. The Kenya Open<br /> golf tournament, which is part of the Challenge<br /> Tour, takes place in Nairobi. The Ngong<br /> Racecourse is the centre of horse racing in<br /> Kenya. Nairobi is home to several museums.<br /> The National Museum of Kenya is the largest<br /> in the city. It houses a large collection of<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 867</div> <div>Story-telling skills<br /> An effective storyteller<br /> speaks clearly so that<br /> the audience can hear<br /> and uses non-verbal<br /> communication — the<br /> face, body and gesture<br /> — to clarify the meaning<br /> of the text. The storyteller<br /> has eye contact<br /> with the audience. If<br /> dialogue is used, the<br /> characters are believable<br /> to the listeners.<br /> The storyteller should<br /> be relaxed and confident<br /> so as to present<br /> the story effectively and<br /> keep listeners’ interest.<br /> www.storyarts.org<br /> of everyday living and activities. Oral tradition<br /> in Kenya continues to attract interest of<br /> researchers and scholars because of its value<br /> and relevance to society.<br /> Myths, legends, parables, proverbs and<br /> rituals are embedded in the mouths, hearts<br /> and memories of oral artists, traditional healers<br /> and community leaders waiting to be<br /> reactivated, performed, recorded, studied<br /> and spread to the entire society. The more<br /> we record, study and learn oral traditions,<br /> the more we understand ourselves and the<br /> less we are likely to recklessly ape foreign<br /> cultures.<br /> Intangible cultural heritage can only be<br /> protected by the communities that produce<br /> and use them. The role of local communities<br /> in safeguarding the heritage is well articu-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 91</div> <div>Gender and Children<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 934<br /> FGM<br /> Some communities practice female<br /> initiation or circumcision, which has<br /> invariably been referred to as female<br /> genital mutilation (FGM). The practice<br /> is on the wane and communal<br /> ceremonies are all but non-existent.<br /> Christianity and education have<br /> played a great role in reducing the<br /> incidences of FGM.<br /> In many communities, girls are<br /> initiated in new ways that do not<br /> involve the rite itself. However,<br /> the Government recognises FGM<br /> is a violation of women and girls’<br /> human rights and denies them<br /> physical and mental integrity, right<br /> to life and education.<br /> The ministry has developed a<br /> national policy that emphasises<br /> Government protection of women<br /> and girls from violations, and that<br /> religion and culture must not be<br /> used to perpetuate the practice.<br /> Gender-responsive budgeting<br /> The main objective is to contribute<br /> to the review of policies, regulations<br /> and laws relating to the application<br /> and distribution of natural resources<br /> that perpetuates gender disparity.<br /> Gender-responsive budgeting seeks<br /> to ensure that the national Budget<br /> and devolved kitties such as Constituency<br /> Development and Local<br /> Authorities Trust funds address<br /> gender disparity.<br /> The National Commission on<br /> Gender and Development, a State<br /> corporation, also ensures that<br /> gender principles are applied in<br /> reforms. It has organised workshops<br /> to train economists to be gender<br /> sensitive as they plan. It has educated<br /> MPs, finance and planning<br /> officers on gender indicators to<br /> enable them to understand genderresponsive<br /> planning. The aim of<br /> involving MPs is to seek their support<br /> for funds for women’s issues.<br /> National Commission on Gender and<br /> Development<br /> In 2008,it became a State corporation<br /> under the Ministry of Gender,<br /> Children and Social Development.<br /> But its history dates back to 2003<br /> when it was set up to:<br /> • Coordinate, monitor, implement<br /> and provide oversight in gender<br /> empowerment in ministries and<br /> parastatals<br /> • Advise the Government on legal<br /> matters regarding women<br /> • Promote accountability for gender<br /> equity and equality<br /> • Uphold fairness and justice in the<br /> distribution of resources among<br /> men and women, boys and girls<br /> • Promote equal opportunities for<br /> women, men, boys and girls.<br /> • Lobby for laws and policies that<br /> eliminate discrimination against<br /> women<br /> • Seek the abolition of institutions,<br /> practices and customs that are<br /> detrimental to women dignity<br /> • Advise on institutional mechanisms<br /> which promote gender<br /> equity and equality in access<br /> to education, healthcare, nutrition,<br /> shelter, employment and</div> <div>lion was allocated to upgrade 14<br /> information, science and technology<br /> colleges.<br /> In the Budget, a Sh3.8 billion<br /> ($47.5 million) revolving fund was<br /> created to boost the growth of small<br /> enterprises and thus reduce unemployment<br /> — the Government will<br /> provide Sh3 billion ($37.5 million)<br /> to some banks and financial institutions<br /> through a credit facility agreement.<br /> The banks will lend to SMEs.<br /> The remaining Sh800 million ($10<br /> million) will be for capacity building.<br /> Banks are expected to match Sh5 for<br /> every Sh1 invested by the Government<br /> and this will boost the fund to<br /> a Sh15 billion ($187.5 million) kitty.<br /> A key plank in developing youth<br /> affairs is the Training Department<br /> in the Ministry of Youth and Sports.<br /> Its mandate is to revitalise youth<br /> polytechnics and increase access to<br /> quality training, provide appropriate<br /> vocational and technical training<br /> for the youth and enhance youth<br /> training through as open, distant,<br /> evening and e-learning.<br /> Youth polytechnics are being<br /> upgraded to centres that offer<br /> alternative paths of education.<br /> Learning resource centres are being<br /> established youth learning resource<br /> centres to empower the youth with<br /> ICT, entrepreneurial and leadership<br /> skills.<br /> Kenya has more than 700 vocational<br /> training centres. They offer<br /> courses in food and chemical processing,<br /> ceramics, beauty therapy<br /> and hairdressing, tourism and hosferent<br /> communities and conforms<br /> to universal human rights based on<br /> gender, race, origin, age, ethnicity,<br /> creed, political affiliation or social<br /> status. It subscribes to the principles<br /> of equal opportunities and equitable<br /> distribution of programmes, services<br /> and resources.<br /> The policy underscores the need<br /> for a gender-inclusive approach<br /> to youth development. It seeks to<br /> promote gender equity and equality,<br /> including working to eliminate gender<br /> discrimination and violence. It<br /> seeks to promote good governance,<br /> a just and tolerant society, transparency<br /> and accountability, nationhood<br /> and patriotism.<br /> Youth issues<br /> Economic growth has not been<br /> sufficient to create enough employment<br /> to absorb the increasing<br /> labour force of about 500,000<br /> annually. Only about 25 per cent of<br /> youth are absorbed. It is due to this<br /> that many programmes have been<br /> started to boost the youth.<br /> In the 2010-2011 Budget, Sh1 billion<br /> was allocated for the expansion<br /> of the 26 technical training institutes.<br /> This will increase admission for<br /> engineering and business courses.<br /> In addition, funds were allocated for<br /> the recruitment of 2,000 tutors on<br /> contract.<br /> Another Sh640 million was provided<br /> to expand training facilities<br /> in eight national polytechnics and<br /> university colleges. Again, this will<br /> boost admission. Also, Sh560 mil-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1143</div> <div>Oral Tradition and History<br /> lated in the 2003 UNESCO Convention for<br /> the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural<br /> Heritage.<br /> The new approaches of protecting cultural<br /> heritage emphasise that indigenous people<br /> should record and collect cultural activities in<br /> their communities although researchers from<br /> outside the communities can help plan the<br /> methods for observing, collecting and recording<br /> data.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 92<br /> Parents’ role in<br /> the oral tradition<br /> Frequently in Africa, it<br /> is the father who brings<br /> up his son; and the<br /> mother her daughter.<br /> In some societies, the<br /> uterine uncle plays a<br /> more important role<br /> than the father in the<br /> boy’s upbringing. He is<br /> more free with him than<br /> the father and asks him<br /> questions more gladly.<br /> The boy who goes with<br /> his father or uncle to<br /> the farm, hunting or<br /> fishing or the girl who<br /> helps her mother or<br /> goes with her to the<br /> well receives not only<br /> technical instruction, but<br /> also information on the<br /> natural habitat or social<br /> life from the task that<br /> they accomplish.<br /> http://archive.ifla.org<br /> Types<br /> Oral traditions include myths, oral lore, oral<br /> culture and oral history. But because each<br /> oral tradition is unique, categorisation is<br /> misleading. For instance, ‘myth’ has a derogatory<br /> connotation and is associated with lies,<br /> imagination or fiction.<br /> However, the term ‘oral tradition’ can<br /> sometimes be misleading. It does not simply<br /> refer to verbal aspects. It has features and<br /> characteristics that go far beyond simple<br /> story telling to include gestures, masks and<br /> performance.<br /> Normally, oral traditions are communally<br /> shared. However, some are treasured<br /> family possessions that are not revealed to<br /> outsiders, while others are shared at meetings,<br /> weddings, funerals, cultural events and<br /> gatherings. The sharing of oral traditions<br /> depends on the context and situation. Songs,<br /> dances, ceremonies and stories are some of<br /> the means through which distinct identity<br /> of communities is preserved, witnessed and<br /> expressed.<br /> The most crucial part of safeguarding oral<br /> traditions is preserving their social function,<br /> role in everyday life and the inter-personal<br /> nature of their transmission. Through<br /> repeated communication of oral tradition,<br /> the listener becomes the holder of the infor-</div> <div>Research expedition<br /> The Kenya Community and<br /> Conservation Volunteer Expedition<br /> takes volunteers<br /> to combine marine, primate<br /> and forest research. Working<br /> in the Shimoni Archipelago,<br /> off the coast of the<br /> Indian Ocean, volunteers<br /> experience the amazing<br /> white sand beaches and<br /> biodiversity. They can conduct<br /> dolphin research with<br /> visiting seasonal humpback<br /> whales from a surface<br /> vessel, snorkel to observe<br /> turtles and help in wildlife<br /> conservation with Angolan<br /> Black and White Colobus<br /> monkeys. Volunteers get<br /> the opportunity to journey<br /> into the heart of the<br /> savanna, working with rural<br /> communities to develop<br /> alternatives to wildlife<br /> poaching. The expedition is<br /> run with the Kenya Wildlife<br /> Service and others.<br /> www.gvi.co.uk/<br /> expeditions kenya<br /> way of increasing forest cover, diversifying<br /> subsistence products and incomes and contributing<br /> to soil and water conservation. The<br /> policy underlines the need to support farmers<br /> with management principles, incentives,<br /> information, better germplasm and marketing<br /> strategies.<br /> To achieve the objectives, the programme<br /> will strengthen links among extension agents,<br /> researchers and farmers through development<br /> of effective extension approaches as<br /> well as production of appropriate management<br /> guidelines. Research focus will be on<br /> development of fast growing species with<br /> high demand.<br /> Natural Forests Programme<br /> They are mainly in water catchments and are<br /> habitats for wildlife. The latter supports tourism<br /> and provides useful commercial timber<br /> and non-timber products.<br /> In the new forest policy, the Government<br /> will involve local communities in the<br /> management of public forest resources. To<br /> develop a framework for community participation,<br /> it is necessary to empower forest<br /> associations and plan for benefit sharing,<br /> stock valuation and pricing. Research will target<br /> how forestry can improve the livelihoods<br /> of adjacent communities.<br /> Drylands Forestry Programme<br /> Kenya’s drylands are home to more than<br /> 30 per cent of the country’s population, 70<br /> per cent of the national livestock herd and<br /> the bulk of wildlife that supports the vibrant<br /> tourism sector. The objective of the dryland<br /> forestry programme is to generate technologies<br /> to improve woodland management and<br /> conservation, thus contributing to poverty<br /> alleviation at local and national levels.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 905</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 862<br /> Nyeri: Town<br /> near the hill<br /> Nyeri is the headquarters<br /> of Central Province,<br /> about 150km north<br /> of Nairobi, between<br /> the Aberdares and Mt<br /> Kenya. In 1902, Richard<br /> Meinertzhagen marched<br /> a military column which,<br /> after resistance from<br /> Agikuyu warriors led by<br /> Wang’ombe wa Ihura,<br /> set up a post close to<br /> a hill on the slopes of<br /> Mt Kenya. The Agikuyu<br /> called the hill Kia-Nyiri,<br /> and their Maasai neighbours<br /> Na-aier. The post<br /> took its name from the<br /> little hill. On December<br /> 18 1902, Nyeri was<br /> founded. Shortly after,<br /> European settlers and<br /> Indian merchants began<br /> to migrate to Nyeri. It<br /> burgeoned into a trading<br /> centre for white<br /> farmers. The White<br /> Rhino and Outspan<br /> hotels, and Aberdare<br /> Country Club in nearby<br /> Mweiga, are relics of the<br /> colonial days.<br /> supported financial management tool to<br /> help local authorities address operational,<br /> monitoring and management requirements<br /> arising from their financial activities.<br /> The system has three main components:<br /> The revenue component manages revenuerelated<br /> information, including the taxpayer/<br /> customer database, assessment and billing,<br /> revenue collection and report generation to<br /> monitor compliance and help in enforcement.<br /> The expenditure component manages<br /> information related to operational expenditure,<br /> including payroll, procurement of goods<br /> and services, and capital investments.<br /> The budgeting and financial management<br /> component is the core sub-system of<br /> LAIFOMS. This ensures that revenue and<br /> expenditure components are integrated with<br /> the budget monitoring subsystem.<br /> Each of the components is integrated with<br /> each other to create a comprehensive system<br /> to monitor operational activities. Focus centres<br /> on monitoring and assisting the management<br /> of revenue and expenditure activities,<br /> preparation of the council budget and monitoring<br /> execution throughout the year.<br /> Financial management<br /> Improvement in financial management in<br /> local authorities is key to improved service<br /> delivery and accountability in local government.<br /> While the implementation of LAI-<br /> FOMS will provide a tool for improvement,<br /> other initiatives are required to improve<br /> financial management.<br /> Budget cycle<br /> Previously, local authorities’ budget cycle<br /> required estimates to be submitted to the<br /> ministry for approval by the end of June and</div> <div>and adopted<br /> Marketing information will be compiled,<br /> assessed, disseminated and used to boost<br /> profitability<br /> Human health<br /> Although KARI is mainly involved in improving<br /> production of crops, livestock and conservation<br /> of natural resources, it has been<br /> indirectly involved in human health issues. It<br /> has contributed to improved health through<br /> the development of foods and production<br /> technologies. Research activities include:<br /> • Identification of constraints to crop or livestock<br /> production<br /> • Assessment of the impact of new technologies<br /> using socio-economic indicators,<br /> including market and household behaviour<br /> • Diversification of food products and eating<br /> habits<br /> • Improved sustainability in mixed dry land<br /> farming systems<br /> • Appraisal of soil fertility status<br /> • Planting, management and maintenance<br /> of local acacia and other trees to reduce<br /> wind erosion<br /> • Reseeding local pastures with improved<br /> grasses and legumes<br /> • Cross-breeding to improve local cows and<br /> goats<br /> • Soil and water conservation through terracing<br /> and planting of appropriate grasses<br /> on terraces<br /> Agricultural journal<br /> The journal is an important outlet for publishing<br /> findings of research and other scholarly<br /> works in Africa.<br /> The East African Agricultural and Forestry<br /> Journal was established in 1908 as a commu-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 911</div> <div>Mt Kenya<br /> It is the highest mountain<br /> in Kenya and the secondhighest<br /> in Africa after Kilimanjaro.<br /> The highest peak<br /> of the mountain is Batian at<br /> 5,199m. Mt Kenya is south<br /> of the Equator, about 150km<br /> northeast of Nairobi. It is a<br /> volcano created about three<br /> million years. It has 11 small<br /> glaciers and the forested<br /> slopes are an important<br /> source of water for Kenya.<br /> There are eight vegetation<br /> bands from the base to<br /> the summit. Some 715km<br /> square is a national park that<br /> receives more than 15,000<br /> visitors a year.<br /> tion of the railway between Mombasa and<br /> Uganda, the missionaries expanded their<br /> work into Kenya’s interior. An attempt to set<br /> up a school and mission at Yatta in 1894 was<br /> resisted by the Akamba.<br /> Later, the British colonial government<br /> urged missionaries to expand the education<br /> system to include a technical focus in the<br /> curriculum in addition to religion. Although<br /> some were reluctant, for fear of losing the<br /> monopoly of schools to the government,<br /> some went along and even received funding.<br /> The missionaries then moved to western<br /> Kenya and set up schools and missions. The<br /> first school in the region was established at<br /> Kaimosi in 1902. In 1908, the missionaries<br /> formed a joint committee on education that<br /> later became the Missionary Board of Education,<br /> representing the Protestant missions in<br /> the British Protectorate.<br /> In 1909, the British government established<br /> an education board with Henry Scott<br /> of the Church of Scotland as the chair. At the<br /> same time, Fraser and Giroud Commissions<br /> were set up. The recommendations included<br /> a push for industrial development, technical<br /> education, and the teaching of religion as a<br /> moral foundation. The import of expensive<br /> labour from India was discouraged. Prof Fraser<br /> also recommended the establishment of a<br /> Department of Education.<br /> After the First World War, a more concerted<br /> effort by the British to develop African<br /> colonies was established. The British began<br /> reexamining and reevaluating education<br /> in the African territories. In 1923 the British<br /> secretary of state established a committee<br /> chaired by the parliamentary under-secretary<br /> of state to advise on the educational affairs<br /> of the African-Kenyans. This marked the<br /> beginning of the first educational policy by<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 53</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 578<br /> China comes to Kenya<br /> The Chinese have put<br /> a shine on road construction.<br /> With images<br /> such as the one above,<br /> a paved road linking<br /> Kenya to Ethiopia is no<br /> longer a mirage. Chinese<br /> engineers have helped<br /> to lay down the first<br /> kilometres of tarmac<br /> to replace a 530-km<br /> rock track. China Wu Yi<br /> is building the road at<br /> a cost of Sh4.3 billion<br /> ($53.75 million) from<br /> the African Development<br /> Bank and the Kenyan<br /> Government. Paving the<br /> road between Isiolo,<br /> 340km north of Nairobi,<br /> and Moyale could boost<br /> trade between Kenya<br /> and Ethiopia fivefold<br /> to $175 million from<br /> the $35 million a year.<br /> Barely 50km past Isiolo<br /> lie three game reserves.<br /> This is where Born Free<br /> author and naturalist Joy<br /> Adamson settled to raise<br /> lions until her murder.<br /> dalje.com/Chinese-buildnew-highway-to-Kenya<br /> way. Work is underway on the Eastern and<br /> Northern bypasses and Nairobi-Thika highway<br /> (50km). Other roads in the city are being<br /> improved under the Nairobi Roads Project at<br /> a cost of Sh2.4 billion ($30 million).<br /> The construction of Jomo Kenyatta<br /> International Airport (JKIA) road included<br /> expanding the Museum Hill Road up to Gigiri<br /> (UNEP headquarters), street lighting and traffic<br /> lights at a cost of Sh2 billion ($25 million).<br /> An extra lane was added between JKIA and<br /> Nyayo Stadium and Runda Whispers Bridge<br /> constructed.<br /> Upgrading works of the Nairobi-Thika<br /> highway involve expansion to eight lanes as<br /> well as construction of interchanges at six<br /> locations to replace roundabouts. The project<br /> will also involve improvement of major arteries<br /> — Outering, Ngara, Murang’a and Forest<br /> roads linking Pangani to Uhuru Highway as<br /> well as rehabilitation of drainage and bridges.<br /> Construction began in February 2009 and is<br /> expected to be complete by July 2011.<br /> In Nairobi, four bypasses are under construction.<br /> When completed, they will ease<br /> traffic congestion in the city. The Eastern<br /> bypass (40km) starts at City Cabanas, passes<br /> through Ruai and ends at Ruiru. Sections of<br /> this bypass are already motorable. The Southern<br /> bypass (30km) starts on Mombasa Road<br /> near the former American Embassy and<br /> ends on Naivasha Road after Kikuyu town.<br /> The Northern bypass (25km) starts after<br /> Ruaka trading centre on Limuru Road, passes<br /> through Runda and joins the Eastern bypass,<br /> ending at Ruiru. The 20km Western bypass<br /> (link road) connects the Northern and Southern<br /> bypasses through Westlands.<br /> The Chinese government is funding the<br /> construction of the Northern and Eastern<br /> bypasses under a design-and-build arrange-</div> <div>Northern Kenya and<br /> regional development 28<br /> Northern Kenya is perceived as unsafe,<br /> a region where illiteracy and hardship reign supreme.<br /> But the reality is different — it is a land of untapped<br /> resources, a real oasis in the desert.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 941</div> <div>Security and defence<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 402</div> <div>War, the situation changed rapidly<br /> when Kenya African Study Group<br /> was formed. It was later replaced by<br /> Kenya African Union (KAU) which<br /> agitated for the return of African<br /> land, better wages and conditions<br /> and terms of service in Industry.<br /> As the situation grew tense,<br /> Makhan Singh organised an Asian<br /> Railway Trade Union and associ-<br /> mented by a unit of 50 to 100 youths<br /> from the local community.<br /> One of the outstanding projects<br /> being pursued by the Kazi Kwa Vijana<br /> Initiative is the Yatta Canal rehabilitation.<br /> The canal currently supports more<br /> than 110,000 people and 35,000 livestock.<br /> It also generates an estimated<br /> Sh662 million ($8.83 million) from the<br /> sale of farm produce and other commercial<br /> activities.<br /> The rehabilitation work involves desilting,<br /> reshaping and clearing bushes<br /> around the canal. Access roads to the<br /> canal have also been repaired. The<br /> entire project, when completed, will cost<br /> the Government Sh8 million ($106,667).<br /> It is predicted to create about 2,000<br /> jobs through labour.<br /> Sh15 billion ($200 million) by the time<br /> of its completion.<br /> In rural areas, the programme focuses<br /> on building small dams and pans, irrigation<br /> systems, laying water pipes and<br /> other water works, repairing access<br /> roads, clearing bushes to eliminate mosquitoes,<br /> preparing organic fertilisers and<br /> planting trees.<br /> In urban areas, it involves building and<br /> operating water kiosks, implementing<br /> waste management systems as well as<br /> repairing and maintaining access roads.<br /> It is estimated that the programme has<br /> so far created more than 300,000 jobs.<br /> Each of the projects is being funded<br /> by the relevant ministry, development<br /> partners and non-governmental organisations<br /> through the districts and impleated<br /> himself with Africans despite<br /> the colour bar and racial discrimination<br /> laws. He worked with Fred<br /> Kubai and Chege Kibachia. More<br /> trade unions such as the Nairobi<br /> Taxmen Union and General Maskini<br /> (Poor People’s) Union came<br /> into being.<br /> The pre-independence period<br /> saw the emergence of the Transport<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 475</div> <div>terms. To accommodate tha changing needs<br /> of farmers, KPCU diversified its objectives,<br /> roles and functions to enable farmers improve<br /> the yields, quality and return on their coffee.<br /> The company established coffee milling,<br /> extension services on husbandry and provision<br /> of short-term credit to finance coffee production<br /> among others.<br /> KPCU has more than 700,000 members represented<br /> by more than 3,000 cooperatives and<br /> about 2,000 estate farmers who own small,<br /> medium and large-scale farms.<br /> Other coffee bodies are the Coffee Board<br /> of Kenya that offers licensing and regulatory<br /> services and the Coffee Research Foundation<br /> to carry out research activities. (See chapter on<br /> Agriculture)<br /> Plans for cooperatives<br /> The Ministry of Cooperative<br /> Development will mobilise<br /> additional resources to<br /> promote the revival of farm<br /> input supply cooperatives<br /> Create more capacity to<br /> trade in large volumes and<br /> thus reduce the cost of<br /> agricultural inputs such as<br /> fertiliser<br /> The cooperative movement<br /> will be facilitated to:<br /> Mobilise savings<br /> Initiate new investments<br /> Seek partnerships<br /> Boost industrialisation<br /> Promote commercialisation<br /> of agriculture<br /> Increase the use of information,<br /> communication<br /> and technology in their<br /> operations<br /> Agricultural cooperatives<br /> Cooperative development in Kenya is closely<br /> linked to the Government’s rural development<br /> policy. It aims to use cooperatives to facilitate<br /> commercialisation of smallholder farmers.<br /> Most smallholders own their farms and<br /> produce a wide range of agricultural produce.<br /> Farmers’ cooperatives have about 600,000<br /> members. Coffee societies have about 400,000<br /> members and the dairy cooperatives 100,000<br /> members.<br /> The coffee sector, which provides foreign<br /> exchange, is yet to be fully liberalised. Thus,<br /> price and profitability largely depend on<br /> the fluctuating world market. Cooperatives<br /> represent 70 to 80 per cent of total coffee production.<br /> But it is different in the dairy sector.<br /> The market was liberalised in 1992, leading to<br /> increased competition in the raw material and<br /> markets. With the emergence of milk hawkers<br /> and new private dairy plants, producer prices<br /> have increased substantially.<br /> Coffee markets are being liberalised but<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 729</div> <div>tions, including waste disposal,<br /> refuse management and impact<br /> on wildlife and natural habitats<br /> • Provide catering, accommodation<br /> and other services of<br /> standards equivalent to five-star<br /> facilities in KWS parks<br /> • Receive fees or charges from<br /> users for not more than 20 years<br /> • Pay rent and levies as prescribed<br /> in the lease agreement<br /> In line with the Public Procurement<br /> and Disposal Regulations and KWS<br /> Tourist Facilities Development Procedures,<br /> the agency identifies and<br /> selects developers through a competitive<br /> and open process. Developers<br /> awarded leases for development<br /> of sites or rehabilitation of facilities<br /> are required get to authority from<br /> NEMA and statutory licences to<br /> operate hotels and restaurant.<br /> Travel insurance<br /> KTF, AIG Kenya and AAR have<br /> designed comprehensive insurance<br /> for tourists that covers travel from<br /> country of origin and back, rescue<br /> and evacuation, medical bills, eventualities<br /> during riots and repatriation.<br /> State Corporations<br /> Kenya Tourist Development<br /> Corporation (KTDC)<br /> It was established in 1965 to develop<br /> tourism facilities and finance private<br /> investors. It gives loan financing<br /> (a revolving fund). This is an irredeemable<br /> seed fund of Sh48 million<br /> ($600,000) managed on behalf of<br /> the Government.<br /> The objective is to provide concession<br /> credit to entrepreneurs<br /> in the tourism sector. Loans are,<br /> therefore, given to new tourist<br /> enterprises at concessional rates.<br /> KTDC provides development funds<br /> for new start-up hotels, lodges and<br /> other facilities. Most properties<br /> enjoy an equity element to reduce<br /> the impacts on lending costs on<br /> their viability and sustainability. It<br /> also gives extension and modernisation<br /> loans. Currently, many tourism<br /> facilities require rehabilitation and<br /> addition of facilities to meet guest<br /> demands. KTDC has continuously<br /> provided such funds at concessional<br /> terms. In addition to the funds, the<br /> corporation provides business advisory<br /> services.<br /> Aviation, tours and travel<br /> loans are provided for buying cars<br /> and working capital. Business loans<br /> are also given for production and<br /> working capital for curio shops and<br /> export of handicrafts.<br /> In obtaining a loan, the following<br /> fees are paid to KTDC:<br /> Sh3,000 ($37.5) loan application fee<br /> that is non-refundable. A loan application<br /> form is issued on payment of<br /> the fee. The completed form must<br /> be returned within 30 days<br /> A non-refundable Sh50,000 ($625)<br /> loan appraisal fee to meet the costs<br /> of project evaluation, including a<br /> physical site visit<br /> Commitment fee at the rate of 1 per<br /> cent of the amount to be borrowed<br /> Other fees — legal, valuation and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1025</div> <div>Cotton ginning<br /> Ginning separates seed cotton<br /> into lint and cottonseed.<br /> The lint processed in local<br /> ginneries is sold to textile<br /> industries for fibre, while<br /> seeds are returned to farmers<br /> for planting or animal<br /> feed manufacturing and oil<br /> extraction.<br /> Kenya has the capacity to<br /> gin about 140,000 bales a<br /> year. But currently, the ginning<br /> capacity used is only<br /> 14 per cent. If the ginneries<br /> functioned even at 50 per<br /> cent, this would give rise to<br /> other related industries such<br /> as cooking oil extraction,<br /> animal feed processing.<br /> Red meat, comprising beef, mutton, goat and<br /> camel meat, accounts for more than 80 per<br /> cent of all the meat consumed locally.<br /> Although rainfall was inadequate in various<br /> parts of the country, the value of livestock<br /> and their products increased by 3.2 per cent<br /> from Sh29.6 billion in 2007 to Sh30.6 billion<br /> in 2008. In 2009, the Government provided<br /> funds to cushion pastoralists from loss. The<br /> off take is done through the Kenya Meat<br /> Commission: Animals are slaughtered and<br /> meat canned. The Government provided<br /> Sh700 million for this in 2009. The Ministry<br /> of Livestock also provided feed for cows and<br /> milk for calves.<br /> About 65 per cent of the red meat is produced<br /> in the arid and semi-arid lands under<br /> pastoral production system. According to the<br /> 2009 census, Kenya has about 17.3 million<br /> cattle (14 million indigenous and 3.3 million<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 321</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> cal learning. As a priority, a human<br /> resource database will be established<br /> to facilitate better planning<br /> of human resource requirements.<br /> It will track trends to supply and<br /> adjust them to demand: Vision 2030<br /> provides an opportunity for productivity<br /> growth.<br /> However, there is need to carry<br /> out an assessment of the productivity<br /> level across sectors and monitor<br /> productivity growth. Currently,<br /> there is a mismatch between skills<br /> and jobs.<br /> As a result, the human resources<br /> capacity is underused. Strategic<br /> management and coordination of<br /> human resources involves identifying,<br /> attracting and retaining talent,<br /> particularly in key sectors.<br /> It will also encourage tertiary<br /> institutions of education and training<br /> to provide a pool of human<br /> resources that can be readily<br /> absorbed into employment.<br /> PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (PSC)<br /> It has a chairman, deputy chairman and<br /> 15 members. PSC is an independent<br /> State organ, which does not fall under<br /> the Executive, Legislature or Judiciary.<br /> Its independence is guaranteed by the<br /> Constitution. PSC was set up in 1954<br /> “to advise on the appointment of candidates<br /> to posts in the Civil Service<br /> in cases where the approval of the<br /> Secretary of State was not required”.<br /> The Constitution says of the PSC: “The<br /> Commission shall, in the exercise of its<br /> functions, not be subject to the direction<br /> or control of any other person or<br /> authority.” It is empowered to appoint<br /> people to hold or act in offices in the<br /> Public Service and local authorities. It<br /> is further granted the authority over<br /> withholding, reduction or suspension of<br /> pensions benefits for persons who have<br /> served in the Public Service.<br /> The Public Officer Ethics Act of 2003<br /> gave the Commission power to set and<br /> enforce ethical standards in the Public<br /> Service.<br /> History<br /> The PSC dates back to 1947 when the<br /> colonial government set up the Holmes<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 458<br /> Achievements of the PSC<br /> The Public Service Commission<br /> has expanded the common cadre<br /> establishment to four grades for<br /> graduate and diploma holders so as<br /> to cope with undesirable stagnation.<br /> It is now possible for an officer to<br /> advance in ranks within the common<br /> cadre establishment without<br /> the necessity of a vacancy for the<br /> first 12 years from initial employment.<br /> This will address dissatisfaction<br /> and low morale caused by stagnation.<br /> In line with this, the Commission<br /> implemented the revised<br /> Administrative Officers syllabus and<br /> regulations. The promotion standards<br /> were enhanced to keep pace<br /> with contemporary competencies<br /> and emerging needs of the service.<br /> In 2008, the Commission was<br /> honoured with the African Association<br /> of Public Administration and<br /> Management Bronze Award for<br /> innovative management.<br /> This was in respect of the Online<br /> Recruitment and Selection Database<br /> System developed in 2006 and<br /> launched in 2007.</div> <div>30 per cent rule<br /> for women<br /> distribution of wealth by strengthening<br /> human capital in the districts<br /> Human resources management<br /> Kenya Vision 2030 provides a framework for<br /> the country to create a globally competitive<br /> human resource base to meet its development<br /> goals. Kenya’s main potential is its<br /> people — their creativity, work ethic, education,<br /> entrepreneurial and other skills.<br /> Kenya’s global competitiveness will<br /> depend on the ability to create a human<br /> resource base that will be constantly subjected<br /> to retraining and access to technologi-<br /> In 2006, President<br /> Kibaki directed that<br /> women must form<br /> 30 per cent of all<br /> recruitment in the<br /> Civil Service. This, the<br /> President said, was in<br /> line with the recommendations<br /> of the<br /> African Peer Review<br /> Mechanism, which seek<br /> to empower women.<br /> The UN also seeks to<br /> promote gender equality<br /> and empowerment<br /> of women.<br /> Since the executive<br /> directive was issued,<br /> the number of women<br /> occupying decision<br /> making positions in<br /> the Civil Service has<br /> increased substantially.<br /> For instance, out of the<br /> 2,174 new entrants and<br /> graduate appointments<br /> the Public Service<br /> Commission made in<br /> 2007, some 849 or<br /> 39 per cent of them,<br /> were women. In the<br /> same year, out of the<br /> 1,907 officers who were<br /> promoted, 425 were<br /> women, representing 22<br /> per cent.<br /> www.publicservice.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 457</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1144<br /> pitality, plumbing, IT, painting and<br /> sign writing and book binding. Others<br /> are woodwork, electrical installation<br /> and building and construction,<br /> metalwork, tailoring, catering<br /> and leather work,<br /> Polytechnics’ curriculum has<br /> been reviewed to ensure that it<br /> meets market needs. The new curriculum<br /> is based on the national<br /> Technical Industrial and Vocational<br /> Education and Training (TIVET)<br /> policy framework of the 2005 Sessional<br /> Paper.<br /> Youth polytechnic employees<br /> have been given monthly top up<br /> grants. The ministry, through the<br /> Department of Youth Training,<br /> gives Sh5.8 million ($72,500) to 349<br /> youth polytechnics every month for<br /> salaries for employees, including<br /> instructors and managers.<br /> The Government has also<br /> recruited qualified managers and<br /> instructors to manage and teach<br /> in Government-aided youth polytechnics.<br /> So far, 566 instructors<br /> have been recruited. They have<br /> joined the public scheme of service<br /> to boost their morale and improve<br /> their performance. Plans are also<br /> under way to upgrade the skills of<br /> instructors in the polytechnics.<br /> Polytechnic managers have been<br /> trained. The objective is to equip<br /> them with relevant skills and knowledge,<br /> leadership and entrepreneurship<br /> to steer their institutions. So far,<br /> trainings for 416 management committees<br /> and 80 youth officers have<br /> been conducted in all the provinces.<br /> The Government procured equipment<br /> worth Sh105 million ($1.31<br /> million) for 210 polytechnics — one<br /> in every constituency. In the first<br /> phase, 31 polytechnics were given<br /> tools. In the second, 50 benefited.<br /> Others will benefit in the coming<br /> phases.<br /> Physical facilities in youth polytechnics<br /> have improved — 10 have<br /> been transformed to centres of<br /> excellence; 16 polytechnics are<br /> under rehabilitation to become<br /> model ones and plans are under<br /> way to put up a model polytechnic<br /> in each district.<br /> In 2005/ 2006, 16 institutions<br /> received money to build classrooms,<br /> workshops and hostels, and buy<br /> tools and equipment. In 2006/2007,<br /> the Government gave money to 20<br /> institutions to improve their infrastructure.<br /> In 10, the Government has<br /> built a workshop block and in the<br /> others a hostel with a capacity of 64.<br /> The projects cost between Sh4<br /> million ($50,000) and Sh6 million<br /> ($75,000). In 2007/2008, 30 youth<br /> polytechnic were targeted for infrastructural<br /> support —double workshop<br /> block — at a cost of Sh6 million<br /> In partnership with Youth Enterprise<br /> Scheme – Entrepreneurship<br /> Association (YES - EA) — the Government<br /> has trained 3,040 young<br /> people in 70 districts in entrepreneurship.<br /> In addition, the department<br /> has trained 135 young people<br /> as trainers on entrepreneurship.<br /> In ICT, the Government works<br /> with the Digital Opportunity Trust</div> <div>Investing in ICT<br /> As the regional and financial capital<br /> of East and Central Africa, Kenya’s<br /> competitive advantage as an ICT<br /> investment destination is supported<br /> by many investor-friendly factors.<br /> As an active member of the International<br /> Telecommunications Union<br /> (ITU) and other international conventions<br /> and standards, Kenya has<br /> global information infrastructure.<br /> Kenyans have been involved<br /> in diverse areas of ICT and the<br /> diversity of industry players demonstrates<br /> this. On its own, the country<br /> is a huge local market. Kenya has<br /> four mobile phone companies and<br /> close to 20 million subscribers.<br /> Internet penetration is enviable,<br /> two three optic cables — TEAMS,<br /> SEACOM and EASSy — have<br /> landed and more are expected. The<br /> Government has built a national<br /> fibre network covering all districts.<br /> With this kind of ICT infrastructure,<br /> opportunities in Kenya are limitless.<br /> Kenya is a strong member of<br /> regional organisations such as the<br /> African Union, COMESA and the<br /> East African Community, and provides<br /> potential investors with a large<br /> potential market. With superb infrastructure<br /> — railway, airports, port,<br /> roads and communications — the<br /> capital Nairobi is the headquarters<br /> of the region — Kenya, Uganda,<br /> Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi and<br /> even eastern Democratic Republic<br /> of Congo.<br /> By investing in Kenya, an individual<br /> or group has access to not<br /> only the 40 million local population,<br /> but also the hundreds of millions<br /> in the region. The Mombasa port<br /> is strategic for investors not only in<br /> the country, but also in the region.<br /> Kenya hosts many international<br /> organisations and foreign embassies,<br /> a testimony that it provides<br /> good facilities and standard living<br /> conditions Political maturity<br /> Kenya has been one of the most<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 277</div> <div>Energy<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 686<br /> KenGen<br /> The Kenya Electricity Generating<br /> Company’s history dates back<br /> to 1954. Then, the Kenya Power<br /> Company (KPC) was registered<br /> and commissioned to construct the<br /> transmission line between Nairobi<br /> and Tororo in Uganda and develop<br /> geothermal and other generating<br /> facilities in Kenya. The Nairobi-<br /> Tororo line was to transmit power<br /> generated at the Owen Falls Dam.<br /> Since its inception, the (KPLC to<br /> which it sold electricity in bulk,<br /> managed the company under a<br /> contract.<br /> But in January 1997, the management<br /> of KPC was formally separated<br /> from KPLC as a result of reforms<br /> in the energy sector and the entire<br /> economy. The terms of restructuring<br /> the power sector effectively<br /> resulted in a separation of functions,<br /> with the KPC responsible for power<br /> generation and the KPLC transmission<br /> and distribution.<br /> On October 2 1998, the KPC was<br /> re-launched under a new name and<br /> corporate identity, The Kenya Electricity<br /> Generating Company Ltd.<br /> KenGen was born. It took charge of<br /> all public-owned power generating<br /> plants. KenGen is the leading producer<br /> of electric power in Kenya.<br /> The company produces about<br /> 80 per cent of electricity consumed<br /> in the country from a number of<br /> sources — hydro, geothermal, thermal<br /> and wind. Hydro is the leading<br /> source, with 677.3 MW or 72.3 per<br /> cent of the company’s capacity.<br /> Kenya holds its breath<br /> Kenya’s sedimentary basins are under<br /> explored. Only 31 wells have been<br /> drilled. Although some have gas and<br /> oil, it is not significant for commercial<br /> exploitation. Nineteen of the country’s<br /> oil blocks have been taken up for exploration,<br /> while investors in the other 19<br /> are being sought.<br /> The prospects of Kenya producing oil<br /> were boosted in October 2009 when<br /> a Chinese company, China National<br /> Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC),<br /> started drilling a well at Boghal, near<br /> Isiolo town, a region geologists believe<br /> contains hydrocarbons, the main components<br /> of fossil fuels, including petroleum,<br /> coal and natural gas.<br /> CNOOC, which is spending $26 million<br /> KenGen, therefore, accounts<br /> for more than 80 per cent of the<br /> country’s total installed generation<br /> capacity. The Government owns<br /> 70 per cent of the shareholding and<br /> the public 30 per cent. It is the main<br /> generator of electric power with an<br /> installed capacity of 1,016 megawatts<br /> of hydropower, geothermal,<br /> thermal and wind.<br /> The national electricity access<br /> rate is about 15 per cent, with access<br /> in rural areas estimated at four per<br /> cent. This implies a demand growth<br /> potential and the Government,<br /> through agencies such as the Rural<br /> Electrification Authority, continues<br /> to drive efforts towards connectivity.<br /> Owing to continued economic<br /> growth, the electric power subsector<br /> has experienced significant</div> <div>Nations whose citizens<br /> require referred visas<br /> Afghanistan<br /> Armania<br /> Iraq<br /> Lebanon<br /> Mali<br /> North Korea<br /> Tadjkistan<br /> Senegal<br /> Somalia<br /> Syria<br /> Jordan<br /> Nigeria<br /> Cameroon<br /> Azerbaijan<br /> Stateless people who do<br /> not have valid passports or<br /> other travel documents from<br /> their countries of nationality.<br /> They include refugees with<br /> UN travel documents.<br /> www.unhabitat.org<br /> profession other than that for which the<br /> permit was issued.<br /> In these circumstances, the entry permit<br /> becomes invalid and the presence of that person<br /> in Kenya becomes unlawful.<br /> If the holder of a Class K or L permit<br /> engages in any employment, occupation,<br /> trade, business or profession without an<br /> Immigration official’s written approval, the<br /> entry permit becomes invalid and the presence<br /> of that person in Kenya is unlawful.<br /> Permanent residence<br /> An immigration permit is required by all<br /> people, other than Kenya citizens, wishing to<br /> enter Kenya.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 885</div> <div>form of public transport in Nairobi.<br /> Matatus, which means ‘three cents<br /> for a ride’ (nowadays much more)<br /> are private minibuses. The matatu<br /> destination is imprinted on the side<br /> of the bus.<br /> Buses are also common in the<br /> city. Three bus companies operating<br /> the city routes are Kenya Bus<br /> Service (KBS), Citi Hoppa and<br /> Double M. Companies such as<br /> Akamba, Coast Bus, Modern Coast,<br /> Eldoret Express, Chania and Mash<br /> run scheduled buses and luxury<br /> coaches to other cities and towns.<br /> Smartbus-Kenya is the latest bus<br /> operator serves Nairobi and its environs.<br /> Nairobi was founded as a railway<br /> town, and the Kenya Railways<br /> main headquarters is near the city<br /> centre. The line runs from Mombasa<br /> to Kampala — through Nairobi.<br /> Its main use is freight traffic, but<br /> night passenger trains connect Nairobi<br /> to Mombasa and Kisumu.<br /> A number of morning and evening<br /> commuter trains connect the<br /> centre with the suburbs.<br /> Taxis are available in most parts<br /> of the city. They park outside most<br /> hotels at taxi ranks in the city centre<br /> and at shopping malls.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 869</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 564<br /> ratified it on August 30, 1994.<br /> The UN Convention to Combat<br /> Desertification. Kenya signed it in<br /> 1994 and ratified in 1997.<br /> State corporations<br /> Kenya Forest Service (KFS)<br /> It began operations on February 1,<br /> 2007 after the enactment of the 2005<br /> Forest Act. KFS replaced the Forest<br /> Department. Its core functions are<br /> conservation and management of<br /> forests with the aim of increasing<br /> forest cover. It is also mandated to<br /> contribute to the growth of natural<br /> resources through development,<br /> conservation and management<br /> of forest resources. This entails<br /> increasing supply of forest products<br /> and services to meet the needs of<br /> the present and future generations.<br /> KFS has six divisions: Kenya Forestry<br /> College in Londiani, Corporate<br /> Services, Enforcement and Compliance,<br /> Forest Plantation and Enterprise,<br /> Forest Extension Services and<br /> Forest Conservation and Management.<br /> It has 5,500 staff, 430 of them<br /> based at the headquarters.<br /> The Enforcement and Compliance<br /> Division provides security for<br /> forest resources. It is headed by a<br /> commandant with 2,500 rangers<br /> and officers in stations, bases, and at<br /> the KFS headquarters. Its roles are<br /> to protect forests, arrest and prosecute<br /> offenders, collect intelligence,<br /> investigate forest offences and participate<br /> in national events involving<br /> the disciplined forces.<br /> The other roles are to inspect forest<br /> stations, plantations and natural<br /> forests, support field officers during<br /> emergencies or security threats and<br /> be prepared for fire disasters.<br /> The Plantation and Enterprise<br /> Division is involved in industrial forest<br /> plantations programme. Kenya<br /> has about 125,000 hectares of industrial<br /> forest plantations composed<br /> of mainly cypress, pines and eucalyptus.<br /> Plantations are expected to<br /> be a major revenue earner for KFS<br /> when fully operational. Sustained<br /> planting will be done through Plantation<br /> Establishment and Livelihood<br /> Improvement Scheme (PELIS)<br /> which currently covers over 8,000<br /> hectares.<br /> Streamlining of the sawmill industry<br /> has been done through prequalification<br /> of suitable sawmillers.<br /> Already over 2790 sawmillers have<br /> been selected and this is expected<br /> to create 20,000 direct jobs. The division<br /> has also rolled out a national<br /> forest inventory to establish the<br /> existing quality and value of forests<br /> resources, as well as establish the<br /> country’s forest cover.<br /> It is estimated that gazetted forests<br /> cover 1.7 million hectares out of<br /> which 125,000 hectares are plantations.<br /> The plantations are expected<br /> to buffer the natural forests against<br /> destruction as well as adequate<br /> supplying the market with timber<br /> products.</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> • ACK/Sida Water & Sanitation Project.,<br /> Makueni and Kitui districts<br /> • Sub surface dams; shallow wells rainwater<br /> harvesting tanks, spring protection & training<br /> • Ukamba Christian Community Services<br /> (UCCS), ACK, Machakos & Kitui Dioceses.<br /> Kituro Borehole, Kajiado district<br /> Equipping of existing borehole, installation<br /> of generator and construction of<br /> communal water points<br /> WASPOR<br /> Target population:<br /> 18,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh12,266,964 with<br /> WSTF contributing<br /> Ksh 10,095,859<br /> • Target population:<br /> 2,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh1,948,000 with<br /> WSTF contributing<br /> Sh1,948,000<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted.<br /> Planned activities<br /> completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted;<br /> Extensions<br /> made through<br /> authority of the<br /> Athi WSB.<br /> • Revival Adult Literacy SHG, Kiambu<br /> district<br /> • Rainwater harvesting tanks & training.<br /> • Community’s own CBO<br /> • Target population:<br /> 1,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh7,176,100 with<br /> WSTF contributing<br /> Sh5,986,100<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed;<br /> Final report<br /> submitted.<br /> COAST<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> • St John Girls Secondary School Water &<br /> Sanitation Project, Kilifi district<br /> • Rainwater harvesting tanks VIP Latrines 8 No.<br /> and training<br /> • School Board of Governors<br /> Baghau water project, taita Taveta district<br /> • Gravity piped scheme, Sanitation & training<br /> • PWF<br /> • Target population: 719<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh4,110,000 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh3,420,000<br /> Target population: 2,097<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh6,038,100 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh5,438,100<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report yet to be<br /> submitted.<br /> Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report yet to be<br /> submitted.<br /> 546</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> Kenya Coffee College<br /> It is at the Coffee Research<br /> Station in Ruiru,<br /> 33km north of Nairobi.<br /> It has a conducive environment<br /> suitable for<br /> learning in an expansive<br /> coffee landscape. Its<br /> objective is to develop<br /> and organise an efficient<br /> information management<br /> system for the<br /> coffee industry through<br /> training and production<br /> of teaching materials.<br /> It also provides an<br /> information forum for<br /> students, researchers,<br /> farmers and the coffee<br /> service sector. It offers<br /> scheduled courses in<br /> coffee farm management,<br /> coffee factory<br /> management, coffee<br /> nursery management,<br /> coffee pest management,<br /> co-operative education<br /> and publicity and<br /> society management.<br /> Others are stakeholders<br /> and coffee quality<br /> seminars.<br /> coffees, which meet the minimum quality of<br /> the Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS). The<br /> European Union-funded project will facilitate<br /> the establishment of regional cupping<br /> centres, which will be part of elaborate<br /> inspection and certification protocols.<br /> Brand development will revolutionise<br /> coffee production and enhance recognition<br /> of Kenya coffee in international markets.<br /> The logo represents the bold, distinctive,<br /> full-bodied flavour of Kenya coffee. It is an<br /> embodiment of the good attributes of coffees<br /> produced in Kenya as captured by the<br /> majestic Mt Kenya in the background, the<br /> boldness of the roasted coffee beans and the<br /> rich tapestry of Kenya, hence the tagline: So<br /> Rich, So Kenyan.<br /> CBK will be the legal custodian of the<br /> logo. Its application is limited to packages<br /> with 100 per cent Kenya coffee. Registered<br /> and licensed coffee traders can use the<br /> logo in promotional campaigns. The use<br /> of the logo will start when the phased out<br /> implementation plans are complete.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 308<br /> www.crf.co.ke<br /> Marketing<br /> Kenya has two coffee marketing systems:<br /> Central auction system and direct sale.<br /> The time-tested central auction system,<br /> commonly referred to as Nairobi Coffee<br /> Exchange, is a market where licensed dealers<br /> buy coffee through competitive bidding. Coffee<br /> auctions are conducted every Tuesday.<br /> The coffee exchange is under the management<br /> of the Kenya Coffee Producers and<br /> Traders Association.<br /> Direct sales, commonly referred to as the<br /> ‘Second Window’, requires a marketing agent<br /> to directly negotiate with a buyer outside<br /> the country and a sales contract is signed<br /> and registered with the coffee board. The</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 488<br /> Friends of the<br /> environment<br /> The Green Belt<br /> Movement encourages<br /> communities to prepare<br /> tree nurseries and plant<br /> seedlings on public land,<br /> degraded forest areas<br /> and private farms. Since<br /> 1977, the GBM has<br /> planted over 45 million<br /> trees, including in water<br /> tower forests such as Mt<br /> Kenya, Aberdares and<br /> Mau Complex. It is now<br /> set to move to Mt Elgon<br /> and Cherengani Hills.<br /> The 2004 Nobel Peace<br /> Prize winner, Wangari<br /> Maathai, is the founder<br /> of GBM.<br /> www.wangarimaathai.com<br /> The Government has developed a National<br /> Climate Response Strategy, which outlines<br /> measures to be taken to cope with climate<br /> change. In the 2010-2011 Budget, Sh51.5 billion<br /> ($643.75 million) was allocated to the<br /> environment, water and sanitation sector,<br /> Sh13.3 billion ($166.25 million) or 34.5 per<br /> cent more than in 2009-2010. Another Sh2<br /> billion ($25 million) was set aside for implementing<br /> specific high impact environmental<br /> conservation programmes.<br /> In another milestone, the Government<br /> will develop a carbon credit investment<br /> framework. It will outline ways of carbon<br /> credit registration, revenue sharing, accountability<br /> and the areas to be funded by the<br /> resources generated. The aim is to make<br /> Kenya a regional carbon emission trading<br /> hub. The Government will establish a carbon<br /> Emission Trading Centre (ETS) in Nairobi to</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 454<br /> UN salutes Public<br /> Service in Kenya<br /> In 2007, Kenya won the<br /> UN Public Service Award<br /> for performance contracting.<br /> It is the most<br /> prestigious international<br /> recognition in Public<br /> Service. Kenya was subjected<br /> to competition<br /> with others from the<br /> rest of the world and<br /> won in Category 1 on<br /> ‘Improving Transparency,<br /> Accountability and<br /> Responsiveness in the<br /> Public Service’. The<br /> award was presented in<br /> Vienna, Austria, on June<br /> 26, 2007. Above, UN<br /> Secretary-General Ban<br /> Ki Moon.<br /> www.dpm.go.ke<br /> In 2009-2010, the modern sector registered<br /> an improvement in job creation, with about<br /> 55,500 new jobs registered in the period, up<br /> from 34,000 in 2008. The private and public<br /> sectors recorded positive growths in employment<br /> of 3.1 per cent and 2.4 per cent, respectively.<br /> Total employment, excluding those in<br /> rural small-scale agriculture and pastoralist<br /> activities, went up by 4.5 per cent to 10.4 million<br /> in 2009.<br /> This is attributed to a favourable business<br /> environment, availability of credit from financial<br /> institutions and an increase in investment<br /> opportunities. The nominal wage bill<br /> went up by 7.7 per cent from Sh707.4 billion<br /> in 2008 to Sh761.6 billion in 2009. The public<br /> sector wage bill went up by 8.2 per cent in<br /> 2009, slightly lower than 11 per cent in 2008.<br /> Overall, annual average earnings per</div> <div>Art, Culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 132<br /> P Unit, Mejja, CMB Prezzo, Circute<br /> VMC, Jimw@t, Rat-a-tat and<br /> Mahatma.<br /> Kapuka<br /> This is the fronted by the Ogopa DJs<br /> stable. It is characterised by heavy<br /> baseline and sweet vocals that<br /> rhyme with the beat. The genre was<br /> founded by producer Lucas Bikedo.<br /> It relegated the popular Congolese<br /> Lingala to the musical backwaters<br /> by unleashing new homegrown<br /> stars. They included the late E-Sir,<br /> Nameless, Wahu, Amani, Redsan,<br /> Deux Vultures, Mr Googs and Vinny<br /> Banton. Others are Kleptomaniacs,<br /> Deux Vultures, Big Pin, Kenzo<br /> and Avril. Some Ogopa-produced<br /> artistes have won continental<br /> awards.<br /> Hip-hop<br /> This genre is characterised by<br /> fast-paced rapping, deejaying,<br /> scratching, graffiti writing and beat<br /> boxing. Hip-hop has grown from<br /> a musical genre into a cultural<br /> movement. Kenya’s top rappers are<br /> Kalamashaka, Abbas Kubaff, Juliani,<br /> Bamboo and Wakamba Wawili.<br /> Others are Zakah and Swaleh, Mc<br /> Kah, A-star Ukoo Flani Mau Mau,<br /> Cannibal and Sharama<br /> Afro-fusion and traditional fusion<br /> Afro-fusion blends contemporary<br /> music with traditional African<br /> rhythms to create a hybrid music<br /> style. The music usually tells a story<br /> about love and offers socio-cultural<br /> advice. It also praises heroes and<br /> heroines. The top stars in this category<br /> are Eric Wainaina, Suzzana<br /> Owiyo, Achieng’ Abura, Atemi<br /> Oyungu and Neema Nt’alel, while<br /> the most well-known troupes are<br /> Jamnazi Afrika, Kayamba Afrika,<br /> Sauti Sol, Yunasi and Cheche<br /> Group.<br /> Bango<br /> This is music from the coastal<br /> region characterised by heady brass<br /> sounds and singing. Bango has East<br /> African Jazz influence that fuses traditional<br /> Portuguese music genres,<br /> taarab and music genres of coastal<br /> Bantu languages. It resembles Latin<br /> America music styles such as Bossa<br /> Nova and those of many Indian<br /> Ocean Islands such as the Seychelles<br /> and Mauritius. Joseph Ngala<br /> is a renowned Kenyan Bango musician.<br /> The veteran musician is in his<br /> 70s. Other bands are Uyoga Band<br /> (Them Mushrooms), Msenangu<br /> Brass Band, Safari Sounds and<br /> Mombasa Roots.<br /> Taarab<br /> Also called ‘tarabu’ or ‘tarab’, it is the<br /> most popular music along the East<br /> African coast. The Coast has been<br /> a centre of trade with the Middle<br /> East and Asia, and taarab music<br /> reflects many cultures. The genre<br /> is popularly known as Swahili wedding<br /> music, since taarab musicians<br /> and music are an essential part of<br /> the festivities. Taarab incorporates<br /> Swahili, Arabic, Indian and Egyptian</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1106<br /> Clubs<br /> Kenya Breweries made history<br /> in 1973 when it became the first<br /> Kenyan side to reach the semi-finals<br /> of a continental event — Champions<br /> Cup — beating Ismailia of Egypt in<br /> the quarters. In 1975, Kenya won the<br /> East and Central Africa Challenge<br /> Cup (CECAFA) for the first time.<br /> In 1978, Kenya Breweries captured<br /> the imagination of football<br /> fans when it won the league with<br /> a star-studded line up including<br /> Elly Adero, Binz Mwakolo, Madegwa,<br /> James Tiema and goalkeeper<br /> Mohammed Magogo.<br /> In 1979, Gor Mahia made history<br /> when it became the first team in<br /> East and Central Africa to reach the<br /> finals of a continental event — Cup<br /> Winners Cup. The defence was<br /> marshalled by Bobby Ogolla and<br /> included Peter Otieno Bassanga,<br /> Paul Oduwo ‘Cobra’ and Mike<br /> Ogolla ‘Machine’. Allan Thigo, the<br /> best playmaker in Kenya’s history,<br /> controlled the midfield helped<br /> by Sammy Owino ‘Kempes’ and<br /> Tim Ayieko. Schoolboy Nahashon<br /> Oluoch ‘Lule’ and George Yoga ‘Best’<br /> played on the wings and supported<br /> centre forward Andrew Obunga.<br /> At the club level, Kenyan teams<br /> dominated in the region and lifted</div> <div>Benefits of clean<br /> environment<br /> The number of people<br /> and where and how<br /> they live affect the<br /> environment. People<br /> alter the environment<br /> by clearing land, using<br /> natural resources<br /> and producing waste.<br /> Changes in the environment<br /> affect human<br /> health.<br /> But when the environment<br /> is conserved, the<br /> risk of disease reduces<br /> and this translates into<br /> reduced costs to the<br /> health sector and the<br /> population<br /> www.prb.org<br /> managing the environment or<br /> implementing relevant international<br /> conventions, treaties and<br /> agreements<br /> • Advises the Government on<br /> regional and international<br /> conventions, treaties and agreements<br /> to which Kenya should<br /> be a party and follows up their<br /> implementation<br /> • Undertakes and coordinates<br /> research, investigation and surveys,<br /> and disseminates findings<br /> of such studies<br /> • Mobilises and monitors the use<br /> of financial and human resources<br /> for environmental management<br /> • Identifies projects and programmes<br /> for environmental<br /> audit and monitoring<br /> • Initiates and assesses activities to<br /> ensure management objectives<br /> are adhered to and early warnings<br /> on environmental emergencies<br /> are given<br /> • Initiates procedures and safeguards<br /> for the prevention of<br /> accidents that may cause environmental<br /> degradation<br /> • Undertakes programmes to<br /> enhance environmental education<br /> and public awareness for<br /> sound management, and encourages<br /> the efforts of other agencies<br /> • Publishes manual guidelines on<br /> environmental management<br /> and prevention of environmental<br /> degradation<br /> • Advises natural resources management<br /> agencies on environmental<br /> protection<br /> • Prepares an annual report on<br /> the state of the environment in<br /> Kenya<br /> Environmental agreements<br /> Kenya has ratified many agreements:<br /> • The Convention on Biological<br /> Diversity<br /> • The United Nations Convention<br /> on the Law of the Sea<br /> • The United National Framework<br /> Convention on Climate Change<br /> • The Kyoto Protocol to the United<br /> Nations Framework Convention<br /> on Climate Change<br /> • The Convention in International<br /> Trade in Endangered Species<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 491</div> <div>Catholic Dioceses of Nakuru and<br /> Kitale have constructed 127 houses<br /> in Trans Nzoia West, Molo and<br /> Uasin Gishu.<br /> China has donated 105,000 iron<br /> sheets to 1DPs, while Morocco<br /> gave $1 million (Sh80 million). The<br /> National Humanitarian Fund has<br /> spent Sh12 million ($150,000) in<br /> rehabilitating 921 houses that were<br /> vandalised in Kachibora, Trans<br /> Nzoia East District. A further 199<br /> houses have been built in Naivasha’s<br /> Jikaze area and Burnt Forest, Uasin<br /> Gishu.<br /> Reconstruction of schools<br /> The ministry has spent Sh242 million<br /> ($3.025 million) on the reconstruction<br /> of 138 schools destroyed<br /> during the violence. The Kenya<br /> Army, which was involved in the<br /> rescue mission, built 16 schools in<br /> Molo and Uasin Gishu districts at<br /> Sh123 million ($1.53 million). The<br /> US Army, in conjunction with the<br /> Government, built Ruku-ini primary<br /> and secondary schools at Sh24 million<br /> ($300,000).<br /> The Kenya Red Cross Society<br /> rehabilitated Sugoi, Ng’arua, and<br /> Anernsens secondary schools, while<br /> Mabati Rolling Mills reconstructed<br /> 55 houses in Molo and Uasin Gishu.<br /> Soon after the violence erupted,<br /> some areas were rendered inaccessible.<br /> More than 300,000 IDPs were<br /> placed on a feeding programme,<br /> which ended in March 2009.<br /> The United Nations Development<br /> Programme has also chipped in<br /> with a $1.66 million (Sh132.8 million)<br /> programme to restore the lives<br /> of youths and women in Kisumu,<br /> Uasin Gishu, Trans Nzoia, and<br /> Nakuru distructs. The African Development<br /> Bank (ADB) has loaned the<br /> Government Sh1.5 billion ($18.75<br /> million) for the restoration of farm<br /> infrastructure and rural livelihoods<br /> of the displaced families in Molo<br /> and Uasin Gishu.<br /> Peace and reconciliation<br /> To bring conflicting communities<br /> together, the ministry has initiated<br /> peace and reconciliation programmes<br /> in 13 districts in Rift Valley<br /> and Nyanza provinces at a cost of<br /> Sh13 million ($162,500.<br /> However, the ministry is seeking<br /> Sh212.5 million ($2.65 million) to<br /> replicate the peace and reconciliation<br /> meetings in 85 districts in five<br /> provinces. The Department of<br /> Mitigation and Resettlement has<br /> held counselling sessions to ease<br /> the pain and suffering the victims<br /> went through as they witnessed<br /> their loved ones killed and property<br /> destroyed.<br /> Consequently, 135 counsellors<br /> contracted by the Government<br /> and assisted by social workers have<br /> counselled 77,525 displaced persons<br /> at a cost of Sh17.2 million ($215,000).<br /> Challenges<br /> Post-election violence challenges<br /> have not yet been fully overcome<br /> as the Government did not provide<br /> all families with seeds and fertiliser<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 747</div> <div>Public Works and Housing<br /> and elected representatives were<br /> involved.<br /> Once the proposed law is enacted,<br /> the ministry will become a one-stopshop<br /> for approvals of housing development.<br /> This will streamline the<br /> approval process and uphold the<br /> approval roles of other concerned<br /> institutions.<br /> Institutions such as the National<br /> Housing Corporation (NHC) have<br /> been strengthened so that they<br /> undertake their functions better.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 652<br /> Achievements<br /> Since 2005, the ministry has initiated<br /> and accomplished many projects,<br /> programmes and initiatives.<br /> It has established 10 appropriate<br /> building technology centres and disseminated<br /> information on low-cost<br /> building materials and technologies<br /> and best practices.<br /> Particularly, land has been identified<br /> for the construction of 10 training<br /> centres. Already, five centres<br /> are operational and equipped with<br /> machines for making building<br /> blocks, tile-making machines and<br /> manual block presses. Provincial<br /> Housing Officers have been trained<br /> on the use of the technologies.<br /> Classrooms, offices and health centres<br /> have been constructed using<br /> the technologies in urban and rural<br /> areas.<br /> In 2009, a housing sub-sector<br /> committee was launched, comprising<br /> officials from the ministry and<br /> the Kenya Private Sector Alliance<br /> (KEPSA). This effort will boost public<br /> and private sector partnerships.<br /> Currently, the ministry is developing<br /> public-private sector guidelines to<br /> boost the participation of the private<br /> sector in low-cost housing.<br /> The Government has the regulatory<br /> and facilitative tools and the private<br /> sector the expertise, efficiency<br /> and resources. A draft Housing Bill<br /> is ready. A report on housing incentives,<br /> some of which were included<br /> in the 2007/2008 Budget, is another<br /> success story in the sector.<br /> The ministry has also implemented<br /> the first phase of the Kenya</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 232<br /> Poverty Eradication Commission<br /> The Government launched the<br /> National Poverty Eradication Plan<br /> (NPEP) in 1999, providing policy<br /> direction for forging partnerships<br /> and mobilising additional resources<br /> from non-State actors in the fight<br /> against poverty. The plan was developed<br /> in response to global concerns<br /> on poverty during the World<br /> Summit on Social Development in<br /> Copenhagen, Denmark, in 1995.<br /> The summit set the goal of reducing<br /> poverty by half by 2015. A key<br /> resolution adopted was for participating<br /> member States to develop<br /> comprehensive planning and budgeting<br /> framework for making the<br /> goal a reality.<br /> The Government established the<br /> Poverty Eradication Commission<br /> through the Kenya Gazette in April<br /> 1999, to spearhead the fight against<br /> poverty in and oversee the implementation<br /> of the National Poverty<br /> Eradication Plan (1999-2015). The<br /> Commission had 14 specific mandates<br /> to execute, including advocacy<br /> for pro-poor policies and programmes;<br /> coordination, monitoring<br /> and poverty eradication initiatives<br /> and identification and piloting of<br /> best strategies to alleviate poverty.<br /> Since inception, PEC has advoreports<br /> and returns from constituencies<br /> and ensures compilation of<br /> proper records, returns and reports<br /> from the constituencies.<br /> It also receives and addresses<br /> complaints and disputes and takes<br /> appropriate action, and scrutinises<br /> and approves project proposals<br /> from the constituencies. It refers disapproved<br /> project proposals to the<br /> parliamentary Constituency Fund<br /> Committee for direction.<br /> The board has several committees.<br /> The Publicity Committee creates<br /> CDF awareness, responds to<br /> issues raised by the public, trains<br /> and builds capacity for CDF stakeholders.<br /> The Projects Committee<br /> provides policy guidance on technical<br /> aspects of CDF projects and<br /> advises the Board on them. It also<br /> undertakes technical audit services<br /> on projects and guides on projects<br /> co-funded by donors.<br /> The Finance Committee prepares<br /> the budget for the Board and quarterly<br /> or annual financial reports<br /> and also deals with Board and staff<br /> welfare. It is also its responsibility<br /> to approve tenders and manage<br /> human resource requirements for<br /> CDF.<br /> The Audit Committee helps the<br /> Board fulfil its oversight responsibilities<br /> and reports to the Board<br /> on committee activities, emerging<br /> issues and their recommendations.<br /> It also provides an avenue of communication<br /> among internal audit,<br /> external auditors and the Board.<br /> The Complaints Committee<br /> arbitrates on complaints from the<br /> public,the media and other stakeholders.<br /> It ensures that the CDF Act<br /> and its regulations are adhered to<br /> and resolves disputes from the constituencies.</div> <div>Education<br /> Egerton University<br /> Lord Egerton started<br /> it as a school in 1939.<br /> He gave 740 acres. The<br /> purpose was to prepare<br /> European youth for<br /> careers in agriculture. In<br /> 1950, it became Egerton<br /> Agricultural College offering<br /> one-year certificate<br /> and a two-year diploma<br /> courses in agriculture. In<br /> 1958, he donated another<br /> 1,100 acres and the college<br /> opened doors to all<br /> races. Odongo Omamo,<br /> the first African principal,<br /> was appointed in 1966. It<br /> became a constituent of<br /> the University of Nairobi<br /> in 1986 and a full-fledged<br /> university in 1987.<br /> www.egerton.ac.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 340<br /> Missionaries introduced Western<br /> education in Kenya. The first<br /> missionaries to settle on the East<br /> African coast were Portuguese<br /> Roman Catholics. By 1557, they had<br /> established monasteries at Mombasa<br /> and Lamu. The second wave of<br /> Christian missionaries included the<br /> Lutherans, who were sent to Kenya<br /> through the Church Missionary<br /> Society (CMS). Among them were<br /> Johann Ludwig Krapf, Johann Rebmann,<br /> and Jacob Erhadt.<br /> The partition of Africa in 1884<br /> established British rule in Kenya<br /> and led to an increase of Christian<br /> missionaries. As the missionaries<br /> established themselves on the<br /> mainland, they started schools as<br /> a means of converting Africans<br /> to Christianity. Their acceptance<br /> was somewhat due to the fact that<br /> they used schools to rehabilitate<br /> slaves. The Arabs had established<br /> themselves earlier on the coast,<br /> and had introduced some schools<br /> where they taught the Koran. Thus,<br /> the Christian missionaries had to<br /> move further inland, away from the<br /> Muslims.<br /> Later, the colonial government<br /> urged the missionaries to expand</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 316<br /> buildings in Kibos, Opapo, Mumias<br /> and Mtwapa. The 191.64 hectares<br /> National Sugar Research Centre<br /> at Kibos became the Foundation’s<br /> headquarters.<br /> Sugar Development Fund<br /> It was established in 1992 as a<br /> revolving fund to finance the activities<br /> of the sugar industry. The fund<br /> is financed through a levy charged<br /> on locally produced and imported<br /> sugar. The levy on local sugar is collected<br /> by factories on behalf of the<br /> Fund, while that on imported sugar<br /> is collected through contracted<br /> agents.<br /> In a country whose economic<br /> mainstay is agriculture, SDF’S main<br /> objective is to give more financial<br /> assistance and advisory services<br /> to the industry to boost sugar<br /> production. The levy collected is<br /> used to fund factory development<br /> and rehabilitation, research, cane<br /> development, roads development<br /> and Kenya Sugar Board administration.<br /> The Sugar Development Levy<br /> (SDL) is charged at 4 per cent on<br /> the ex-factory price at the mills,<br /> and 4 per cent on the Cost Insurance<br /> & Freight (CIF) value of sugar<br /> imported.<br /> Pyrethrum<br /> Kenya is the world’s largest producer<br /> and exporter of pyrethrum<br /> and an extract, pyrethrin, producing<br /> about 70 per cent of the world consumption.<br /> The pyrethrum extract<br /> is exported to the US, Europe and<br /> Asian countries. About 200,000 families<br /> grow pyrethrum and, therefore,<br /> the sub-sector supports about one<br /> million people.<br /> Pyrethrum is an important foreign<br /> exchange earner and a significant<br /> contributor to the economy.<br /> Kenya is the leading producer of<br /> pyrethrum extract<br /> Climatic conditions suitable for<br /> growing pyrethrum are found in<br /> four major regions in Kenya — Lake<br /> Victoria, North Rift Valley, South<br /> Rift Valley and the Mt Kenya region.<br /> Any shortfall in production in one<br /> region due to bad weather can be<br /> supplemented by higher production<br /> in other regions.<br /> Diversification of growing<br /> regions as well as a flexible seed<br /> programmes ensure availability of<br /> pyrethrum flowers at all times. Thus<br /> investment in production of flowers<br /> and seeds, in addition to processing<br /> of pyrethrin are assured of ready<br /> local, regional and international<br /> markets.<br /> The growing demand for organic<br /> and natural pesticides has increased<br /> international demand for pyrethrin.<br /> One hectare accommodates<br /> 52,000 plants producing about<br /> 1,000kg of dried pyrethrum flowers<br /> annually. This quantity yields about<br /> 25kg of highly refined extract. Ready<br /> flowers are picked at intervals of<br /> two weeks with picking continuing<br /> for nearly a year from July to April.<br /> Although pyrethrum is a perennial<br /> crop, a typical plantation lasts for</div> <div>Department of Internal Trade<br /> It has 40 district offices where field<br /> services are managed. They are<br /> run by District Trade Development<br /> Officers.<br /> The Department provides services<br /> through 20 zones and eight subzones<br /> at the district level.<br /> Its activities are coordinated at<br /> the provincial level by the Provincial<br /> Director of Trade, with technical<br /> support from the Director of Internal<br /> Trade at the head office.<br /> The department’s core functions<br /> are to:<br /> • Formulate, implement, harmonise<br /> and domesticate regional<br /> trade arrangements<br /> • Promote micro-small and<br /> medium enterprises<br /> • Provide business counselling,<br /> advisory and consultancy services<br /> and capacity building programmes<br /> to enterprises.<br /> • Manage a traders’ credit scheme<br /> that offers financial assistance<br /> to MSMEs and facilitates micro<br /> credit<br /> • Its programmes include monitoring<br /> and evaluating trade practices,<br /> policies and trends, and<br /> gathering, analysing, storing and<br /> disseminating trade information<br /> to investors, entrepreneurs and<br /> the public.<br /> • It also promotes indigenous<br /> entrepreneurs to take advantage<br /> of export opportunities created<br /> through bilateral, regional and<br /> multi-lateral trade agreements.<br /> Micro-enterprises<br /> Micro, small and medium enterprises<br /> are the base of entrepreneurial<br /> development in Kenya and the<br /> ‘seed bed’ for inculcating an entrepreneurial<br /> culture and supporting<br /> rural industrialisation.<br /> A lot has been done to improve<br /> the business environment for small<br /> businesses. In 2009, records at the<br /> Companies Registry were digitised.<br /> When the programme is complete<br /> in the 2010-2011 financial year,<br /> small businesses will be able to<br /> apply and pay for licences online,<br /> including by mobile phone payments.<br /> The Government has also<br /> reduced the time required to start<br /> a business and halved time to pay<br /> taxes and statutory contributions. It<br /> has licensed micro-finance banks<br /> and allowed agency banking.<br /> In the 2010-2011 Budget, a Sh3.8<br /> billion($47.5 million) fund was set<br /> up through which the Government<br /> will enter credit facility agreements<br /> with some banks to support small<br /> and micro-enterprises. From the<br /> kitty, Sh3 billion ($37.5 million) will<br /> be advanced to banks and financial<br /> institutions to lend to SMEs and<br /> Sh800 million ($10 million) will be<br /> for agencies’ capacity building and<br /> training of beneficiaries.<br /> The banks are expected to match<br /> Sh5 ($0.0625) for each Sh1<br /> ($0.0125) invested by the Government,<br /> boosting the kitty five-fold<br /> to Sh15 billion ($187.5 million).<br /> The programme targets 12 million<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 765</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 302<br /> Poultry in Kenya<br /> Agriculture contributes<br /> 23 per cent of GDP,<br /> with poultry representing<br /> 30 per cent of the<br /> agricultural contribution.<br /> Most rural families<br /> in Kenya keep chicken.<br /> Indigenous chickens<br /> contribute 71 per cent<br /> of the egg and meat<br /> produced The average<br /> household keeps 13<br /> birds. Commercial poultry<br /> is concentrated in of<br /> Nairobi, Mombassa, Nakuru<br /> Kisumu and Nyeri<br /> where ready markets<br /> are available. Hatcheries<br /> have sprouted in periurban<br /> areas.<br /> http://ftp.fao.org<br /> and vegetables are other key exports. The<br /> primary food crops are maize, beans,<br /> cassava, potatoes and sorghum. Commercial<br /> agriculture contributes about 2.5 per cent<br /> of GDP and about eight per cent to formal<br /> employment. Key crops are tea, coffee,<br /> horticulture, maize, sugar, wheat and<br /> pyrethrum.<br /> Tea<br /> Kenya is a major producer of the best tea in<br /> the world. It has more than 110,000 hectares<br /> of land under tea. In 2009, close to 315 million<br /> kilogrammes of tea were produced, earning<br /> the country a hefty Sh69.6 billion ($9.2<br /> billion).<br /> Earnings from tea have increased in the<br /> last three years: Sh69.6 billion in 2009, Sh55.3</div> <div>• Documents for incorporation of<br /> company (memorandum and<br /> articles of association) should be<br /> drawn by a lawyer and submitted<br /> to the registry with the prescribed<br /> forms and fees<br /> • Companies must appoint a certified<br /> public secretary as company<br /> secretary<br /> • Certificate of Incorporation is<br /> processed in seven days of presentation<br /> of completed forms<br /> • Refusal of registration is communicated<br /> in writing to the<br /> applicant<br /> • A registered company must comply<br /> with the requirements of the<br /> Companies Act — filing of annual<br /> returns<br /> Foreign companies submit copies<br /> of memorandum and articles<br /> of association and a certificate<br /> of incorporation certified by<br /> a notary public, among other<br /> documents.<br /> Registrar-General’s Department<br /> Its deals with registration of names<br /> and search of registered companies.<br /> It also receives companies’ annual<br /> returns and registers change of particulars<br /> for companies.<br /> It also resolves leadership disputes<br /> in companies, undertakes<br /> official receiver duties — administering<br /> the Bankruptcy Act (Cap 53),<br /> Winding Up the Companies Act<br /> (Cap 486), company liquidation and<br /> deeds of arrangement — and maintains<br /> registers of building societies<br /> according.<br /> Full-fledged services are provided<br /> at the headquarters in Nairobi. The<br /> department plans to provide fullfledged<br /> services in the seven provincial<br /> headquarters. Physical facilities<br /> will also be expanded in Mombasa<br /> and Kisumu.<br /> Work permits (See chapter on<br /> Immigration)<br /> Trade agreements<br /> Kenya is a signatory to bilateral,<br /> regional and international trade<br /> agreements that facilitate and boost<br /> trade. The agreements provide<br /> preferential treatment for Kenyan<br /> businesses.<br /> Kenya is a member of the East<br /> African Community (EAC) and<br /> COMESA trade agreements. Membership<br /> entails extending preferential<br /> tariffs to goods imported from<br /> member States subject to agreed<br /> conditions (the Rules of Origin).<br /> Goods originating in Kenya, for<br /> example, enter other member countries<br /> at preferential rates. This provides<br /> an incentive to import from or<br /> export to countries in the regional<br /> trading bloc.<br /> East African Cooperation (EAC)<br /> It was established in 1999. The EAC<br /> partner states are Kenya, Uganda,<br /> Tanzania, Rwanda and Burundi. The<br /> treaty stipulates that the East African<br /> Customs Union and a Common<br /> Market be established as part of<br /> efforts for regional integration.<br /> Kenyan goods enter the member<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 773</div> <div>The only full General<br /> General Jeremiah Kianga<br /> was born in 1950. He went<br /> to Machakos School,<br /> completed in 1970 and<br /> joined the military in 1971.<br /> After cadet training at the<br /> Royal Military Academy, UK,<br /> he was posted to the 5th<br /> Kenya Rifles as a Platoon<br /> Commander in 1973. He<br /> has been trained in Kenya,<br /> UK, India and US and has<br /> a master’s degree (military<br /> arts and science) from<br /> Kansas University. He was a<br /> Directing Staff at the Army<br /> Staff College, UK, and Defence<br /> Staff College Kenya,<br /> Defence Advisor in Uganda<br /> and Chief of Military Intelligence.<br /> In 1999, Kianga was<br /> appointed General Officer<br /> Commanding Eastern Command,<br /> Deputy Army Commander<br /> and Assistant Chief<br /> of General Staff. In 2003, he<br /> was promoted to Lt-General<br /> and appointed Commander<br /> Kenya Army. He became<br /> the Chief of General Staff<br /> after Gen Joseph Kibwana<br /> retired.<br /> www.mod.go.ke/cgs<br /> 15 Kenya Rifles<br /> 15 th Battalion Kenya Rifles is the seventh<br /> infantry battalion and the youngest infantry<br /> unit in the Kenya Army. It is located on the<br /> northern mainland of Mombasa at Nyali<br /> beach. Its officers served under United<br /> Nations Transition Assistance Group<br /> (UNTAG) in Namibia. The unit was formed<br /> on March 13, 1989 and deployed with other<br /> United Nations forces in Namibia (then<br /> South West Africa) in a peace-keeping mission.<br /> School of Infantry<br /> It is a middle-level military training institution<br /> for officers, servicemen and servicewomen.<br /> 20 Parachute Battalion<br /> On October 14, 1964 the first 40 officers and<br /> men were sent to the United Kingdom’s Royal<br /> Air Force Base, Abingdon, for a basic training<br /> course.<br /> Similar numbers subsequently followed<br /> until about 200 Kenyan troops qualified to<br /> form the first Independent Parachute Company<br /> on April 24, 1965.<br /> The unit has contributed enormously in<br /> internal and external security operations.<br /> They include the anti-Shifta campaign in<br /> North Eastern Province and the Ngoroko<br /> campaign in Turkana and West Pokot District<br /> to flush out the Ethiopian rebel group, Oromo<br /> Liberation Front (OLF).<br /> Other areas where the unit has operated<br /> are: Lokichogio (1991-1992), Garbatulla<br /> (1994-1996), Baragoi (1998-2001) and Hakati<br /> in 2004 and 2005.<br /> 50 Air Cavalry Battalion<br /> It was set up as an aerial reconnaissance<br /> and airborne anti-tank battalion. Prior to<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 427</div> <div>Salaries Commission to review the structure<br /> and remuneration of the Civil Services<br /> in East African territories. It recommended<br /> that public service commissions be set up<br /> for each of the territories. The PSC was<br /> enshrined in the Constitution at independence.<br /> At the time, the Constitution (meant<br /> for a federal state) provided for regional<br /> public service commissions and a national<br /> one. The mandate of the commissions<br /> was to appoint people to the public service<br /> and had the power to discipline and<br /> remove them<br /> But the Kenya Independence Order in<br /> Council of 1963, which repealed parts of<br /> the Kenya Order in Council 1963, established<br /> one Public Service Commission. The<br /> mandate of the Commission was widened<br /> through two constitutional amendments in<br /> 1964 and 1984. It was allowed to delegate<br /> any of its powers to one or more members<br /> or officer and introduced a provision in the<br /> Constitution for Parliament to prescribe<br /> the manner of the exercise of the functions<br /> of the Commission.<br /> In 1984, the powers of the PSC got more<br /> powers when local authorities were put<br /> under its purview.<br /> Functions<br /> • Recruitment for the Public Service<br /> and local authorities<br /> • Promotion and disciplinary control in<br /> the Public Service and local authorities;<br /> • Retirement and removal of public<br /> officers<br /> • Establishment of standards of ethical<br /> conduct of public officers<br /> • Issuance and administration of the<br /> Code of Conduct for public officers<br /> in accordance with the provisions of<br /> the Public Officer Ethics Act 2003<br /> • Administering Civil Service examinations<br /> and occupational tests.<br /> The system has improved timelines<br /> for recruitment and selection.<br /> In addition, it has made job applications<br /> easy.<br /> The Commission also trains<br /> all categories of staff locally and<br /> abroad, including in workshops and<br /> seminars.<br /> The PSC scooped the second<br /> prize for display in the Public<br /> Administration Sector during the<br /> Kenya Public Service Week. It has<br /> improved the work environment by<br /> increasing ICT facilities and office<br /> space.<br /> Directorate of Personnel<br /> Management (DPM)<br /> Its origin dates back to the Establishments<br /> Division created in 1947<br /> in the Office of the Chief Secretary.<br /> It is responsible to the Cabinet<br /> Office for the administration of<br /> the Civil Service, including manpower<br /> requirements, management<br /> improvement, staff development,<br /> personnel administration and training<br /> programmes for ministries and<br /> departments.<br /> Prior to independence and when<br /> the Establishments Division was<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 459</div> <div>Road<br /> km<br /> Required<br /> Intervention<br /> Estimate<br /> Cost<br /> (US$mn)<br /> Status of Studies<br /> Voi-Mwatate (A23) 24 Rehabilitation 14 Design review ongoing<br /> Mwatate-Taveta (A23) 85 Tarmacking 45 Design ongoing<br /> Nakuru-Marigat-Loruk (B4) 130 Resealing 28<br /> Loruk-Marich Pass (B4) 150 Tarmacking 129<br /> Nakuru-Nyahururu-Nyeri (B5) 159 Rehabilitation 114<br /> Rumuruti-Maralal-South Hall-<br /> North Hall-Marsabit (C77/C82)<br /> 630 Tarmacking 540<br /> Kibwezi-Kitui (B7) 145 Tarmacking 41<br /> Wajir-Moyale (C80) 268 Tarmacking 230<br /> Moyale-Ramu (D504) 303 Tarmacking 260<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design exist<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> Feasibility study and<br /> design required<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 607</div> <div>Gender and children’s affairs 27<br /> Gender and children issues have in recent years<br /> received a lot of attention from the Government. Programmes<br /> targeting widows, widowers, orphans and the advancement of<br /> women in public life have been implemented<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 927</div> <div>Tanzania. Much of the wildlife can be divided<br /> into mammals, birds and reptiles. Mammals<br /> in the game reserve are carnivores, primates<br /> and ungulates (hoofed animals). Carnivores<br /> include the lion, cheetah, leopard, hyena<br /> genet, jackal, mongoose, serval and wild dog.<br /> Primates include the baboon, bushbaby<br /> and monkey. Odd-toed ungulates include<br /> rhino and zebra. Even-toed ungulates are<br /> buffalo, giraffe, hippo, warthog and antelope<br /> (bushbuck, dik-dik, duiker, eland, gazelle,<br /> hartebeest, impala, klipspringer, kudu, oribi,<br /> reedbuck, roan antelope, topi, waterbuck and<br /> wildebeest). The so-called ‘Big Five’ are buffalo,<br /> elephant, leopard, lion and rhino. The<br /> ‘Big Nine’ extends this to include cheetah,<br /> zebra, giraffe and hippo.<br /> The general location of animals depends<br /> on the habitat. Vegetation varies according<br /> to the type of soil and drainage, but is also<br /> influenced by fire, rain and grazing animals.<br /> ‘Grassland’ is most common, especially in<br /> areas of poor drainage, frequent fires or<br /> heavy grazing — supporting a wide range of<br /> herbivores, which prefer different grasses and<br /> shoots. ‘Bushland’ is vulnerable to fire and foraging<br /> elephants. It is also the favourite place<br /> of rhino. ‘Woodland’ is populated with acacia<br /> trees with rich edible leaves — monkeys and<br /> giraffes can be found here. The rivers are the<br /> home of the hippo and crocodile.<br /> Residents can stay at the various lodges<br /> in the Mara — Keekorok, Mara Serena, Mara<br /> Sopa — and camps such as Fig Tree, Governor’s,<br /> Intrepids Club, Kichwa Tembo, Mara<br /> Buffalo, Mara Cottar’s, Mara River and Mara<br /> Sarova.<br /> Some guidelines when staying at the Mara<br /> are useful:<br /> • Keep noise to a minimum to avoid disturbing<br /> the wildlife<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 961</div> <div>building. Bomas of Kenya also aims<br /> to preserve, maintain and promote<br /> rich and diverse cultural values of<br /> various communities.<br /> It is 10km from the capital city and<br /> thus accessible from international<br /> hotels and conference facilities in<br /> Nairobi. It is near the major international<br /> and local airports — Jomo<br /> Kenyatta and Wilson . It is also next<br /> to the Nairobi National Park.<br /> Thus one can combine culturalwildlife-town<br /> tour circuits. With the<br /> growing interest in cultural heritage,<br /> growth in cultural tourism has<br /> increased. As the premier institution<br /> in cultural resource preservation<br /> and management, Bomas of Kenya<br /> plays a big role in the development<br /> and promotion of cultural tourism<br /> in Kenya. It has succeeded in<br /> balancing the twin challenges of<br /> preservation and development of<br /> culture.<br /> The facilities include an African<br /> model amphitheater that seats 3,000<br /> people, state-of-the-art theatre light<br /> and lights effects for disco, a sparkling<br /> wooden floor suitable for stage<br /> shows and dances and a raised<br /> stage for VIP functions. Others are<br /> a PA system and 24-channel sound<br /> to audio record live proceedings,<br /> international standard gymnasium<br /> for indoor games (volleyball, badminton,<br /> table tennis and darts),a<br /> soft-carpeted hall that can sit 2,000<br /> people, a mini-hall of international<br /> standard ideal for workshops and a<br /> soft-carpeted hall arranged to sit 300<br /> people for stage shows<br /> There are also a restaurant, two<br /> bars, a children amusement park,<br /> an outdoor football, volleyball and<br /> tug-of-war field, a filming and picnic<br /> sites, a secure car park for 3,000 cars<br /> and traditional costumes for hire.<br /> Charges at Bomas<br /> Non-resident adults Sh600 ($7.5)<br /> Non-resident children Sh300 (3.75)<br /> Non-resident students Sh300<br /> Resident adults Sh100 (1.25)<br /> Resident children Sh25 ($0.325)<br /> College students Sh30 ($0.375)<br /> Schools<br /> Nursery to secondary Sh20 ($0.25)<br /> Video Recording (small) Sh500 ($6.25)<br /> Video recording (big) Sh750 ($9.375)<br /> Music recording<br /> Sh300<br /> DVD Sh2,000 ($25)<br /> Audio cassettes<br /> Sh300<br /> Dance booklet<br /> Sh100<br /> Children playground Sh50<br /> School parties:<br /> Sh30<br /> Hotel and Restaurants<br /> Authority (HRA)<br /> It was established to regulate and<br /> standardise hotels and restaurants.<br /> New hotel, resort and lodge projects<br /> are required to be licensed first<br /> before commencing construction.<br /> This is aimed at ensuring quality<br /> and compliance with relevant laws<br /> and regulations and promoting<br /> excellence in the hospitality sector.<br /> The authority will also embark on a<br /> nationwide exercise of grading and<br /> classification, using the East African<br /> Community regulatory regime for all<br /> the five member States.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1031</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 350<br /> Kenyatta University<br /> In 1965, the British<br /> handed over Templer<br /> Barracks to Kenya, which<br /> converted it to Kenyatta<br /> College. It was divided<br /> into two sections —<br /> Secondary Education<br /> Division and Teacher<br /> Education Division. The<br /> former had Form I to<br /> VI. Forms I to IV and ‘A’<br /> level Arts were phased<br /> out in 1969 to give<br /> way to ‘A’ level science<br /> classes. The secondary<br /> division was phased<br /> out in 1973. The first<br /> courses in the teacher<br /> division were threeyear<br /> post-Secondary<br /> Teacher’s Certificate (SI)<br /> and one-year Advanced<br /> Secondary Teacher’s<br /> Certificate (SA). In 1970,<br /> the college became<br /> a constituent of the<br /> University of Nairobi<br /> and the name changed<br /> to Kenyatta University<br /> College. The first students<br /> were admitted for<br /> BEd degree in 1972. SI<br /> and SA courses were<br /> phased out by 1975.<br /> In 1978, the Faculty<br /> of Education at the<br /> University of Nairobi<br /> was moved to KUC.<br /> University status was<br /> achieved in 1985. KU<br /> established new faculties<br /> and constituent<br /> colleges. Jomo Kenyatta<br /> College of Agriculture<br /> and Technology became<br /> a constituent in 1988<br /> and later an independent<br /> university. Today,<br /> KU has many campuses<br /> and centres.<br /> www.ku.ac.ke<br /> and the World Food Programme to promote<br /> universal basic education among disadvantaged<br /> children. Target groups are preprimary<br /> and primary school pupils in ASAL<br /> districts and urban slums. The programme<br /> targets about 1.5 million children for mid-day<br /> meals. As a result, enrolment has increased in<br /> the districts and areas covered.<br /> Special needs education<br /> The Government has set up a grant for special<br /> education. Funds are provided for procurement<br /> of learning and teaching materials<br /> for children with special needs. As a result,<br /> assessment of children with special needs<br /> has improved. Public awareness on special<br /> education has also gone up.<br /> Special education has for a long time been<br /> provided in special schools or units attached<br /> to regular schools and, more recently, at<br /> inclusive settings in regular schools. However,<br /> the schools and units only cater for<br /> children with special needs in hearing, visual,<br /> mental or physical challenge.<br /> Excluded from the programmes are<br /> children with other needs — the gifted and<br /> talented, psycho-socially different, autistic,<br /> multiple-handicapped and with learning difficulties<br /> and communication disorders.<br /> A national policy will soon be developed<br /> to define all special needs and design programmes<br /> to enhance their inclusion in education.<br /> In addition, the Kenya Institute of Education<br /> will be restructured and strengthened<br /> to train special education teachers in autism,<br /> communicative disorders and multiple handicaps.<br /> Secondary school bursaries<br /> Provision of free tuition in public secondary<br /> schools is a major landmark in improving</div> <div>and private businesses, groups,<br /> and local government suppliers to<br /> present their products, services and<br /> the latest technological advances.<br /> Each country presented its<br /> know-how in decentralisation. The<br /> exhibition also hosted cities and<br /> local governments, associations,<br /> bilateral or multi-lateral institutional<br /> partners, NGOs, universities and<br /> research institutions.<br /> The launch of the Africities 2006<br /> Summit took place on November<br /> 10 2004 under the chairmanship of<br /> the Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki,<br /> with the attendance of the ministers<br /> in charge of local governments<br /> and national associations of local<br /> authorities in the sub-region, and<br /> Cameroon’s Yaoundé City Council<br /> that hosted the 2003 Africities<br /> Summit.<br /> The Nairobi summit was attended<br /> by more than 5000 delegates, and<br /> held at the Kenyatta International<br /> Conference Centre.<br /> Towns and cities<br /> Nairobi Metropolis<br /> Nairobi is the only city in Kenya<br /> with a charter. Mombasa at the<br /> Coast and Kisumu near Lake Victoria<br /> were elevated to city status<br /> several years ago, but have never<br /> received charters. In proposed<br /> changes to local government management,<br /> they will receive the charter<br /> and thus become cities. Nairobi<br /> will then become a metropolis.<br /> Nairobi is the only city in the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 865</div> <div>less. In the policy, Government has power to<br /> compulsorily acquire land to effects plans for<br /> public projects and benefit. The title for the<br /> land will be vested on the people of Kenya<br /> collectively as a nation, communities and<br /> individuals.<br /> Lands ministry<br /> The ministry’s responsibilities include fixed<br /> boundary procedure, field survey, photo<br /> planning and redrawing, maintenance of<br /> national and international boundaries, planning<br /> and map design and development of<br /> physical development.<br /> The ministry has dispute resolution mechanisms<br /> through physical planning liaison<br /> committees, sub-division and amalgamation,<br /> acquisition of sustainable agricultural land<br /> allocation and verification of beneficiaries<br /> and issuance of legal documents. It has more<br /> than 50 offices countrywide and four main<br /> departments: Lands, Physical Planning, Survey<br /> and Land Adjudication and Settlement.<br /> Land administration and management<br /> • Policy formulation for management and<br /> administration of land<br /> • Allocation of Government and Trust land<br /> for various purposes<br /> • Approval for extensions of lease, change of<br /> user and subdivision schemes<br /> • Processing and issuing land titles<br /> • Registration of land transactions and other<br /> legal documents<br /> • Arbitration of land and boundary disputes<br /> • Valuation of land for various purposes<br /> • Generation and collection of land revenue<br /> and other charges<br /> • Documentation and protection of public<br /> utility land<br /> • Provision of up-to-date land information<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 81</div> <div>such as fabrication of small household items,<br /> woodcraft, and basketry are also substantial<br /> sources of income. The Kisii-Awendo line<br /> will serve an area with rapid population<br /> growth. Kisii and South Nyanza have a large<br /> primary agricultural industry in tea and<br /> sugar. Kisii is a significant regional town.<br /> The line will improve the quality of power<br /> supply in Kisii and South Nyanza and<br /> enhance the security of supply in Kisumu.<br /> The component will extend the 132 kV Kisii<br /> sub-station and construct 44km of the 132kV<br /> line and a sub-station at Awendo. It also will<br /> complete the Chemosit-Kisumu 132kV ring.<br /> To give more access to electricity, the distribution<br /> network in urban and peri-urban<br /> areas should be upgraded. This will enable<br /> the KPLC to connect one million new consumers<br /> over five years (200,000 connections<br /> annually). New customers will come from<br /> lower income, peri-urban and rural areas.<br /> This will support measures to enhance the<br /> affordability of new connections, including<br /> staggered payment of connection fees and<br /> installation of pre-paid meters that enable<br /> consumers to control electricity use more<br /> effectively.<br /> Rural electrification<br /> The programme supports the Government in<br /> supplying electricity to rural areas. The ministry<br /> coordinates projects under the donorsponsored<br /> Government/Rural Electrification<br /> Fund. A final stakeholders’ workshop on the<br /> Rural Electrification Master Plan (REM) was<br /> held on April 29, 2009. It updates a 1997 one<br /> and provides a plan that will be implemented<br /> in two five-year phases.<br /> About Sh90 billion ($1.125 billion) is being<br /> used for 650,000 connections during the first<br /> five years to 2013. It will scale up rural electri-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 675</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 196<br /> Commercial banks<br /> 1. African Banking<br /> Corporation<br /> 2. Bank of Africa<br /> 3. Bank of Baroda<br /> 4. Bank of India<br /> 5. Barclays Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> 6. CFC Stanbic Bank<br /> *7. Charterhouse Bank<br /> 8. Chase Bank<br /> 9. Citibank, N.A.<br /> 10. Commercial Bank of<br /> Africa<br /> 11. Consolidated Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> 12. Cooperative Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> 13. Credit Bank<br /> 14. Development Bank<br /> of Kenya<br /> 15. Diamond Trust Bank<br /> Kenya<br /> 16. Dubai Bank<br /> 17. Eco-bank<br /> 18. Equatorial<br /> Commercial Bank<br /> 19. Equity Bank<br /> 20. Family Bank<br /> 21. Fidelity Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> 22. Fina Bank<br /> 23. First Community<br /> 24. Giro Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> 25. Guardian Bank<br /> 26. Gulf African bank<br /> 27. Habib AG Zurich<br /> 28. Habib Bank<br /> 29. Imperial Bank<br /> 30. Investment &<br /> Mortgages Bank<br /> 31. Jamii Bora Bank<br /> 32. Kenya Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> 33. K-REP BANK<br /> 34. Middle East Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> 35. National Bank of<br /> Kenya<br /> 36. National Industrial<br /> Credit Bank<br /> 37. Oriental Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> 38. Paramount-Universal<br /> Bank<br /> ($1.71 billion) in 2008 to a deficit of Sh124.4<br /> billion ($1.55 billion) in 2009. The shilling<br /> depreciated against the US dollar to record<br /> Sh77.35 in 2009 compared to Sh69.18 in<br /> 2008. In 2010, it hit the Sh80 mark to the dollar.<br /> Remittances from the Diaspora declined<br /> from $611.4 million (Sh48.9 billion) in 2008<br /> to $609.2 million (Sh48.7 billion) in 2009.<br /> Devolved Funds<br /> This is a key intervention in the Government’s<br /> development strategy. Three notable<br /> ones are meant to foster social and economic<br /> equity in the population and regions —Constituency<br /> Development Fund (CDF), the<br /> Women Enterprise Fund and Youth Enterprise<br /> Fund.<br /> Women Enterprise Fund<br /> It was first budgeted for in 2007/08. Its objectives<br /> are to promote women’s empowerment,<br /> poverty reduction and national development.<br /> Women have been targeted for their pivotal<br /> role in families. Various studies show such<br /> interventions have fundamental impact on<br /> poverty reduction and economic betterment<br /> globally. The fund was started with a Sh2<br /> billion ($25 million) kitty, with an initial Sh1<br /> billion ($12.5 million) allocation.<br /> Women entrepreneurs borrow through<br /> contracted banks and financial institutions<br /> after presenting their business plans to the<br /> Women Enterprise Fund. (See chapter on<br /> Gender and Children).<br /> Youth Fund<br /> The Youth Enterprise Development Fund<br /> was started in 2007 with an initial capital Sh1<br /> billion ($13.3 million). Treasury increased it<br /> by Sh500 million ($6.7 million) in 2008/09<br /> and allocated another Sh250 million ($3.33</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> Ceremonial parades<br /> The Kenyan Armed<br /> Forces inherited military<br /> ceremonies from the British.<br /> A ceremony parade<br /> inspires those who watch<br /> or take part. The aim is to<br /> produce a proud, alert and<br /> obedient soldier and to<br /> provide the basis of team<br /> work. Once the elements<br /> of discipline have been<br /> instilled through drill on<br /> the parade square, it develops<br /> into forms of crew<br /> drill, gun drill and battle<br /> drill. But the aim of discipline<br /> remains unchanged<br /> — the conquest of fear.<br /> Drill helps to achieve this<br /> because soldiers lose<br /> their individuality and are<br /> unified into a group under<br /> obedience to orders. If<br /> men are to give their<br /> best in war they must<br /> be united. Through drill,<br /> discipline instils a sense<br /> of unity, by requiring them<br /> to obey orders as one<br /> man. A ceremonial parade<br /> provides an occasion for<br /> men to express pride in<br /> the profession of Arms.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 438<br /> www.mod.go.ke/parades<br /> resources in the Kenya Army<br /> • Advice commanders on communication<br /> and information system<br /> • Prepare Army communication policies<br /> Kenya Army Corps of Transport<br /> Its mission is to provide transport for men<br /> and cargo during war and peace, and train<br /> transport management staff, including operators.<br /> KACT includes:</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 526<br /> million cubic metres a year.<br /> In the beginning, a spring or<br /> well was the unit of water resource<br /> development planning. Population<br /> pressure was low and water did not<br /> have to be transported over long<br /> distances.<br /> However, as urbanisation<br /> increased and more farms and<br /> factories occupied vast spaces, it<br /> became necessary to consider water<br /> management on a larger scale,<br /> including the basin or watershed.<br /> The main challenges facing the<br /> water sector are:<br /> • Shortages due to rising population<br /> • Flooding<br /> • Ground water depletion<br /> • Catchment degradation<br /> • Water pollution<br /> These lead to decline and deterioration<br /> of water resources and damage<br /> to freshwater and coastal environments.<br /> The biggest challenge is,<br /> therefore, to balance between protecting<br /> and restoring the environment,<br /> and pursuing rapid economic<br /> and social development.<br /> Hydrology<br /> Hydrological conditions in Kenya<br /> have experienced temporal and spatial<br /> changes. The evidence of these<br /> is erratic weather patterns, and<br /> diminishing surface and groundwater<br /> reserves. This can be attributed<br /> to causes that can be categorised as<br /> natural and anthropogenic (manmade).<br /> Deforestation and industrialisation<br /> have affected Kenya’s<br /> hydrology.<br /> A case study of land cover<br /> changes in the Njoro River catchment,<br /> for instance, showed that<br /> changes in hydrological conditions<br /> were largely a result of deforestation<br /> and clearing of land for agriculture.<br /> This has led to decreased water<br /> quality and reduction in groundwater<br /> recharge, as well as related<br /> impacts to the local ecology.</div> <div>Town between a<br /> river and a school<br /> Embu, the headquarters of<br /> Eastern Province, is about<br /> 120km northeast of Nairobi<br /> on the south-eastern slopes<br /> of Mt Kenya. It is the main<br /> economic centre for the<br /> Aembu and Ambeere.<br /> British settlers founded<br /> the town in 1906. It rises<br /> from the Ruvingaci River,<br /> up to Kangaru School and<br /> Njukiri Forest in the west to<br /> Muthatari in the east. The<br /> town centre, however, is<br /> small. Embu has an airstrip<br /> seven kilometres south-east<br /> of the town. The town is<br /> known for Jacaranda trees<br /> and fruits that literally turn<br /> the municipality into a purple<br /> shower when in flower. The<br /> trees lose their green leaves<br /> and become solid purple<br /> when they bloom in October-<br /> November.<br /> retained in the LATF account at the Central<br /> Bank to be disbursed the following fiscal year.<br /> LASDAP<br /> The Local Authority Service Delivery Action<br /> Plan was introduced in 2000 as a planning<br /> tool to help local authorities identify priorities,<br /> encourage development of capital plans<br /> that meet community needs and facilitate<br /> accountability for completion through community<br /> participation.<br /> Ministerial stakeholder forums<br /> It is at the ministry level and intended to hold<br /> quarterly meetings. Local authorities are<br /> encouraged to form such forums. The City<br /> Council of Nairobi has a stakeholder forum.<br /> Other councils — Mombasa, Kisumu and<br /> Nakuru — involve the private sector in delivery<br /> of services. Local authorities are encour-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 859</div> <div>social tariff at Sh20 ($0.25) a kWh.<br /> The masterplan aims at developing<br /> renewable energy to match demand<br /> in rural electrification schemes<br /> off the national grid in areas with<br /> potential hydropower schemes or<br /> favourable wind conditions — the<br /> western shores of Lake Turkana —<br /> or solar radiation. Solar technology<br /> offers an affordable supply option in<br /> rural areas where other sources are<br /> scarce and solar radiation is high.<br /> Community initiatives<br /> NGOs play a critical role in ensuring<br /> rural Kenya has electricity. In<br /> Central Province, Green Power is<br /> developing 17 micro-hydro sites in<br /> Kirinyaga District and has planned<br /> 10 100kW and seven 40kW installations.<br /> The University of Quebec,<br /> Montreal, Canada, supports the<br /> project through research on smallscale<br /> community managed hydropower.<br /> Renewable energy<br /> The Renewable Energy Department<br /> of the Energy ministry was set up<br /> in 1998 by merging the Biomass<br /> Energy Department (BED) with<br /> the Alternative Technologies<br /> Division, formerly in the Electric<br /> Power Department. The director<br /> of Renewable Energy is in charge<br /> of the department. To coordinate<br /> the departmental activities are<br /> programme heads in charge of<br /> biofuels, solar and wind, mini/<br /> micro hydropower and energy<br /> conservation divisions.<br /> Biomass<br /> This is the largest form of primary<br /> energy accounting for 68 per cent<br /> of the national primary energy supply.<br /> Its demand was estimated at 2.7<br /> per cent annually, while sustainable<br /> supply was rising at the slower rate<br /> of 0.6 per cent a year.<br /> The principal drivers of biomass<br /> energy demands are population<br /> growth and lack of access to energy<br /> substitutes. The biomass energy<br /> supply and demand imbalance<br /> exerts considerable pressure on forest<br /> and vegetation stocks, accelerating<br /> land degradation. In addition,<br /> the production of biomass energy<br /> poses a threat to agriculture, forestry<br /> and human settlement.<br /> The Government’s biomass<br /> policy seeks to ensure sufficient<br /> supplies to meet demand even as<br /> associated environmental impact is<br /> minimised.<br /> Other potential sources of energy<br /> are nuclear power and natural<br /> gas. The contribution of renewable<br /> energy sources, other than<br /> biomass, to the overall energy supply<br /> is minuscule. However, with<br /> concerted efforts, renewable energy<br /> may be significant in the years<br /> ahead.<br /> Wind energy<br /> Wind energy has been used in<br /> Kenya primarily for water lifting<br /> since the beginning of the 19th century.<br /> Its use, however, declined with<br /> the advent of oil-driven combustion<br /> engines. With the rising cost of oil,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 677</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Investment options<br /> Lodges — (not more<br /> than 60 visitor beds)<br /> to be built on 35 acres<br /> leased for 20 years<br /> with an extra fiveyear<br /> renewal. Rent is<br /> between $31,279 and<br /> $37,562) a year<br /> Eco-lodges — 25 acres<br /> provided for a 20-year<br /> lease renewable for five<br /> years. Rent is between<br /> $31,279 and $37, 562<br /> Luxury tented camps<br /> — between 24 and 40<br /> beds on 25 acres for a<br /> 20-year lease renewable<br /> for five years. For<br /> up to 30 beds, rent is<br /> between $9,486 and<br /> $18,971 and for 40, it is<br /> between $12,816 and<br /> $25,632<br /> Cottages — six acres<br /> provided for a 15-year<br /> lease renewable for five<br /> years. Rent is between<br /> $6,197 and $12,394.<br /> Starbed camps — will<br /> have at most 10 beds<br /> and leased for 20 years<br /> and renewable for<br /> five years. Rent ranges<br /> between $6,197 and<br /> $12,394.<br /> www.kws.org<br /> to accommodate a new mandate. Its main<br /> function is to control and administer the<br /> levy fund. Its mandate has been extended<br /> to establish and set standards for training<br /> institutions. Soon after independence, the<br /> Government integrated the development<br /> of tourism into the overall national plan for<br /> the country’s economic development. A key<br /> ingredient lacking at the time was a qualified<br /> human resource.<br /> In response, the Government took deliberate<br /> measures to ensure that Kenyans were<br /> trained for this emerging economic opportunity.<br /> It introduced training for people in<br /> tourism such as hotel management, housekeeping,<br /> food production, front office, food<br /> and beverage services.<br /> Of primary concern was long-term sustenance<br /> of funding for training. To provide<br /> a consistent source of funding for training<br /> in tourism, the Training Levy Fund and the<br /> Catering Levy Trustees were established<br /> under Section 18 and 19 of the Hotels and<br /> Restaurants.<br /> With the rapid growth of tourism and<br /> competition from other countries, the Government<br /> realised that aggressive marketing<br /> was vital. It, therefore, changed the name<br /> of CLT to CTDLT to accommodate the<br /> additional mandate of financing the Kenya<br /> Tourist Board. The organisation’s board consists<br /> of public and private sector experts and<br /> makes policies.<br /> The trustees collect, control and administer<br /> the training and tourism development<br /> levy fund and establish and develop<br /> national standards for skills required in<br /> tourism. The organisation has branches in<br /> Nairobi, Coast, western Kenya, Rift Valley<br /> and central Kenya.<br /> 1028</div> <div>Foreign Relations<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 704<br /> Instrument to Amend the IGADD<br /> Charter that established the revitalised<br /> IGAD. It was launched on<br /> November 25 1996 in Djibouti.<br /> NEPAD<br /> As part of the process to integrate<br /> NEPAD into the African Union, the<br /> secretariat recently became the<br /> NEPAD Planning and Coordinating<br /> Agency (NPCA). Kenya supports<br /> NEPAD, which is a holistic and<br /> integrated framework for the<br /> development of Africa.<br /> Kenya’s experience in socioeconomic<br /> development will be<br /> useful in the partnership. Kenya<br /> has participated in major summits<br /> on NEPAD and will play a major<br /> role in the Implementation<br /> Committee. The NEPAD offices<br /> were established after the adoption<br /> of the NEPAD Strategic Framework<br /> at the then Organisation for African<br /> Unity (OAU) in 2001.<br /> The document arose from the<br /> mandate given to the five initiating<br /> Heads of State (Algeria, Egypt,<br /> Nigeria, Senegal and South Africa)<br /> to develop an integrated socioeconomic<br /> development framework<br /> for Africa. NEPAD’s primary objectives<br /> are to:<br /> • Eradicate poverty<br /> • Place African countries on the<br /> path of growth and development<br /> • Halt the marginalisation of Africa<br /> in the globalisation process and<br /> integrate it into the global economy<br /> UNEP mandate<br /> Its headquarters is in<br /> Nairobi. UNEP has six<br /> regional offices and<br /> various country offices.<br /> It coordinates UN environmental<br /> activities,<br /> helping developing<br /> countries implement<br /> environmentally sound<br /> policies and practices. It<br /> was founded after the<br /> UN Conference on the<br /> Human Environment in<br /> 1972.<br /> Its activities cover<br /> issues regarding the<br /> atmosphere, marine and<br /> terrestrial ecosystems. It<br /> has played a significant<br /> role in developing international<br /> environmental<br /> conventions, promoting<br /> environmental science.<br /> www.unep.org<br /> • Accelerate the empowerment of<br /> women.<br /> The Secretariat deals with:<br /> • Agriculture and food security<br /> • Infrastructure (water and sanitation,<br /> transport, energy and ICT)<br /> • Human resources development<br /> (education and health)<br /> • Science and technology<br /> • Trade and market access<br /> • Environment and climate change<br /> • Culture and tourism<br /> • Governance and capacity development<br /> • Gender development.</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 214<br /> Markets Act in 2007 have had fundamental<br /> impact. They established the Investor<br /> Compensation Fund Board and unclaimed<br /> dividends in listed companies for more than<br /> seven years qualify as income to the Fund.<br /> The measures were aimed at bolstering<br /> investor confidence. Other measures were<br /> targeted at rogue operators at the stock market.<br /> The 2007 Finance Act and the amendments<br /> to the Capital Markets Act gave the<br /> Finance minister power to prescribe penalties<br /> for breach by licensees not exceeding<br /> Sh10 million ($125,00) for institutions and<br /> Sh5 million ($67,250) for individuals. Penalties<br /> for non-compliance are also spelt out for<br /> the NSE and listed companies. The penalties<br /> are payable to the Investor Compensation<br /> Fund, which pays investors for loss of funds<br /> at the NSE.<br /> The amendments provided for the<br /> Appointment of statutory managers to run<br /> the affairs of a licensed person for six months<br /> (renewable by High Court)<br /> ■ Removal of an official who has contravened<br /> the law and caused the deterioration<br /> of the financial position<br /> ■ Appointment of a director to the board<br /> who can only be removed by the CMA or<br /> an order of the High Court<br /> ■ Revocation of power of attorney for<br /> licensed operators and vesting it in<br /> another person by CMA<br /> In 2008, CMA-licensed operators stood at<br /> 97, up from 87 in the previous year.<br /> Twenty-one firms have been licensed<br /> for stockbrokerage business, some of them<br /> investment or commercial banks.<br /> Since 2009, CMA has applied the annual<br /> licence renewal process to safeguard public<br /> interest. Licence holders have to first prove<br /> Capital market<br /> It brings together lenders<br /> and borrowers. The<br /> Capital Markets Authority<br /> (CMA) regulates the<br /> Nairobi Stock Exchange.<br /> In 1984, a Central Bank<br /> and International Finance<br /> Corporation study<br /> was commissioned over<br /> strengthening of the<br /> financial sector. In 1988,<br /> the Government set up<br /> Capital Markets Development<br /> Advisory Council to<br /> draft a CMA Bill. The CMA<br /> was constituted in 1990.<br /> www.cma.or.ke</div> <div>some public high schools and most<br /> private schools. Students are taught<br /> African music, Western music<br /> theory, composition and playing<br /> instruments.<br /> Institutions of higher learning<br /> such as Maseno and Kenyatta universitiesoffer<br /> music at undergraduate,<br /> master’s and doctorate levels.<br /> Institutions of higher learning<br /> teach drama and other forms of theatre.<br /> Kenyatta University, for example,<br /> has a Theatre Arts and Film<br /> Technology Department that offers<br /> a degree programme in theatre arts.<br /> The University of Nairobi teaches<br /> theatre arts and drama, while Moi<br /> University offers a BA degree course<br /> in creative arts.<br /> The Kenya Conservatoire of Music<br /> It was founded in 1944 as The East<br /> Africa Conservatoire of Music.<br /> From a purely expatriate teaching<br /> staff and clientele, it has more than<br /> 400 students in Nairobi. It has 15<br /> highly qualified and committed<br /> teachers (local and expatriate). The<br /> lessons are given at its premises at<br /> the Kenya Cultural Centre, and at<br /> various schools that teachers visit<br /> weekly. It offers offer training to<br /> more than 300 students in Nairobi.<br /> The curriculum — music theory<br /> and ensemble/band training —<br /> caters for the musical needs of<br /> individuals and ensures that the<br /> skills acquired meet international<br /> standards through examinations of<br /> the Associated Board of the Royal<br /> Schools of Music. The school also<br /> covers all aspects of the IGCSE<br /> music curriculum.<br /> The study period is divided into<br /> three school terms a year of 12<br /> weeks each (January to March,<br /> mid-April to mid-July, September to<br /> November.<br /> Students are expected to have<br /> their instruments and to bring<br /> them to class (except for piano and<br /> double bass). Pianists are required<br /> to have a practice instrument at<br /> home or to practise at least five days<br /> a week at the school, the Kenya Cultural<br /> Centre or The GoDown Arts<br /> Centre.<br /> The Kenya Conservatoire of<br /> Music has opened another teaching<br /> and learning facility at The GoDown<br /> Arts Centre in South B, Nairobi. It<br /> offers music instruction in singing,<br /> guitar, piano and drums and practice<br /> facilities at subsidised rates.<br /> Others<br /> There are several informal music<br /> schools and tutorial centres in<br /> Nairobi. Piano Services on Ngong<br /> Road offers part-time piano lessons<br /> to seven-year olds and above and<br /> church members.<br /> Others are Music School of<br /> Eastern Africa in Kisumu, Fun &<br /> Joy School of Music in Mombasa,<br /> and Nairobi’s The Music Academy<br /> for Performing Arts, Step Promotions<br /> and Wynton House of Music,<br /> among others. Homeboyz DJ Academy<br /> in Nairobi, the first ever professional<br /> DJ school in Africa, trains<br /> music spinners. It opened its doors<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 143</div> <div>Art, Culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 136<br /> Wahu Kagwi<br /> Born in 1980, she is a graduate<br /> of mathematics from<br /> the University of Nairobi.<br /> She started her music career<br /> in 2000. Her first three<br /> singles were Niangalie, Esha<br /> and Liar. Wahu released her<br /> first major hit, Sitishiki, in<br /> 2005. Her music has been<br /> produced by the Ogopa<br /> DJ’s. She was the 2008 Best<br /> Female MTV Africa Music<br /> Awards, 2008 Best femal<br /> Artiste (Kenya), Pearl of<br /> Africa Music Awards 2008<br /> Best Female Artist (Kenya),<br /> 2008 Favourite Female Artist<br /> (CHAT Awards) and won the<br /> 2008 Best Song, Sweet Love,<br /> and Best Reggae Artiste/<br /> Group at the Kisima Awards.<br /> She is married to Nameless,<br /> an award-winning musician.<br /> International exposure<br /> Kenya’s musicians have had their day at<br /> the international stage. The all-male group<br /> Boys Choir of Kenya performed during<br /> the inauguration of US President Barack<br /> Obama.<br /> Suzanna Owiyo, the ‘Tracy Chapman<br /> of Africa’, beat a host of African artistes to<br /> clinch the single berth reserved for a female<br /> African artiste to perform at the Nobel<br /> Peace Prize Concert in 2004. In 2008, she<br /> performed at former South African President<br /> Nelson Mandela’s 90th birthday concert<br /> in London.<br /> In 1980, the Kenyan band Them Mush-</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> Cultural tourism<br /> Kenya has a unique<br /> cultural mosaic. Meet<br /> the Swahili sailors of the<br /> Coast, visit the thornenclosed<br /> villages of the<br /> Maasai, walk alongside<br /> Samburu warriors in the<br /> northern wilderness or<br /> fish with the Luo on<br /> Lake Victoria in the west.<br /> From the annual Maulidi<br /> celebrations in Lamu and<br /> bullfighting in Kakamega<br /> to the Mombasa cultural<br /> carnival, there are enough<br /> festivals to fill a calendar.<br /> Communities have turned<br /> to tourist projects to<br /> sustain and enrich their<br /> lives. The projects have<br /> been supported by the<br /> Ministry of Tourism and<br /> the Tourism Trust Fund.<br /> www.tourism.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1020<br /> als increasing from about one million<br /> in 2002 to 1.8 million in 2007, an<br /> average growth of 12.5 per cent.<br /> Raising awareness of the opportunities<br /> for domestic travel is a<br /> priority.<br /> The aim is to encourage Kenyans<br /> to travel within their country, make<br /> tourism products accessible to all,<br /> develop a culture of tourism and<br /> create a safe and welcoming environment<br /> for local visitors.<br /> One of the fastest growing segments<br /> of tourism is ecological<br /> tourism (ecotourism) — nature photography,<br /> bird watching, botanical<br /> studies, hiking and mountaineering.<br /> Community tourism is also<br /> becoming increasingly popular, with<br /> tourists experiencing Kenya’s rural<br /> villages and towns.<br /> Tourism marketing will be<br /> strengthened to promote up market<br /> package and wildlife safaris and<br /> gradually move away from lowvalue<br /> package or mass tourism.<br /> Regional markets, especially those<br /> with good air links to which Kenya<br /> can offer complementary, rather<br /> than similar products, will also be<br /> targeted.<br /> Domestic tourism<br /> Kenya’s tourism products attract<br /> visitors from all over the world.<br /> However, most Kenyans have not</div> <div>Art, and Culture culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 134<br /> Ngugi wa Thiong’o<br /> His first play was The<br /> Black Hermit in 1962 written<br /> for the celebration of<br /> Uganda’s independence.<br /> Ngugi then wrote Weep<br /> not, Child, in 1964. Among<br /> his other novels are The<br /> River Between, A Grain<br /> of Wheat and Petals of<br /> Blood. In the 1970s,<br /> the novelist, playwright<br /> and essayist published<br /> a Gikuyu play, Ngahika<br /> Ndeenda (I Will Marry<br /> When I Want) and in 1980<br /> Maitu Njugira (Mother<br /> Speak for Me). When he<br /> was in detention, he wrote<br /> Caitaani Mutharaba-ini<br /> (Devil on the Cross). His<br /> recent novel is Murogi<br /> wa Kagogo (Wizard of<br /> Crow). His essays include<br /> Homecoming and Writers in<br /> Politics. Ngugi is a professor<br /> of literature in the US.<br /> www.ngugiwathiong’o.com<br /> Mugithi<br /> The new genre of one-man guitarists has<br /> taken root in Central Province. The singer<br /> plays the box guitar and sings. The songs are<br /> corruptions of various hits and usuallylaced<br /> with obscenities. The op performers are<br /> Mike Rua, Mike Murimi, Salim Junior and<br /> Man Johnny.<br /> Twist and Pachanga<br /> Peter Tsotsi and Nashil Pichen played a critical<br /> role in the development of the Equator<br /> Sound Band’s twist style, modeled on the<br /> South African Kwela rhythm.<br /> Swahili rumba<br /> Maroon Commandos and Wanyikas (Simba<br /> and Les Wanyika) were behind this oncepopular<br /> genre in the 1970s. The top local<br /> Rhumba act is Musa Juma and his Limpopo<br /> International Band.<br /> Gospel music<br /> Gospel music rules the Kenyan music industry.<br /> Its styles range from classical, African<br /> rhythms and choirs. Gospel music has been<br /> modernised with the latest instrumentation.<br /> The top musicians in this widely-selling<br /> genre are Loise Kim, Esther Wahome, Mary<br /> Atieno, Hellen Akoth, Jemimah Thiong’o and<br /> Rufftone.<br /> Others are Daddy Owen, the Kassangas,<br /> Jimmy Gait, Kanjii Mbugua, Juliani and Reuben<br /> Kigame. The top Gospel music producers<br /> are Bruce Odhiambo of Johari Clef, Tedd<br /> Josiah, Clement Rapudo aka Clemo of Calif<br /> Records, Lucas Bikedo of Ogopa Deejays,<br /> Eric Musyoka, Robert Kamanzi and Maich<br /> Black. Others are Kassangas Studio, Herbal<br /> Records and Bably Omar of Tabasamu<br /> Records</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 866<br /> world that is a short distance from<br /> the wilderness. A 20-minute drive<br /> from the city centre is the 113km<br /> square Nairobi National Park, home<br /> to the zebra, wildebeest, buffalo,<br /> giraffe, rhino, cheetah and lions. And<br /> what is more? Just next to the fivestar<br /> Intercontinental Hotel is a golf<br /> course.<br /> The city has many parks and<br /> open spaces. It has dense tree<br /> cover and plenty of green spaces.<br /> The most famous is Uhuru Park. It<br /> borders the central business district<br /> and Upper Hill. Uhuru Park is a centre<br /> for outdoor speeches, services<br /> and rallies.<br /> Central Park is adjacent to Uhuru<br /> Park, and includes a memorial for<br /> Jomo Kenyatta, Kenya’s founding<br /> President. Other open spaces<br /> include Jeevanjee Gardens, City<br /> Park, Bomb Blast Memorial Park<br /> and Nairobi Arboretum.<br /> Nairobi is the most populous city<br /> in East Africa, with about three million<br /> people. It is the 13th largest city<br /> in Africa and fourth largest in infrastructure<br /> development. It is home to<br /> many companies and organisations,<br /> including the UN office in Africa.<br /> The city is a hub for business and<br /> culture. The Nairobi Stock Exchange<br /> is one of the largest in Africa, ranked<br /> fourth in trading volume terms and<br /> fifth in market capitalisation as a<br /> percentage of GDP. It is capable of<br /> making 10 million trades a day. The<br /> NSE was recognised as an overseas<br /> stock exchange by the London<br /> Stock Exchange in 1953.<br /> Nairobi is the regional headquarters<br /> of several international companies<br /> and organisations. In 2007,<br /> General Electric, Young & Rubicam,<br /> Google, Coca Cola, Zain and Cisco<br /> Systems moved their African headquarters<br /> to the city. The United<br /> Nations Office hosts UNEP and UN-<br /> Habitat headquarters.<br /> Several of Africa’s largest companies<br /> are headquartered in Nairobi.<br /> KenGen, which is the largest African<br /> stock outside South Africa, is in the<br /> city. Kenya Airways, Africa’s fourth<br /> largest airline, uses Nairobi’s Jomo<br /> Kenyatta International Airport as a<br /> hub.<br /> Goods manufactured in Nairobi<br /> include clothing, textiles, building<br /> materials, processed foods, beverages,<br /> cigarettes.[citation needed]<br /> Several foreign companies have factories<br /> based in and around the city.<br /> These include Goodyear, General<br /> Motors, Toyota Motors, and Coca<br /> Cola.<br /> The Globalisation and World<br /> Cities Study Group and Network<br /> defines Nairobi as a prominent<br /> social centre. It is a cosmopolitan<br /> and multi-cultural city. The city has<br /> many churches, mosques and temples.<br /> Prominent places of worship<br /> include the Holy Family Basilica for<br /> the Catholics, All Saints Cathedral<br /> (Anglicans), Ismaili Jamat Khana<br /> and Jamia Mosque for Muslims.<br /> There are a number of modern<br /> malls in Nairobi, including West<br /> Gate, Prestige, Village Market, Sarit<br /> Centre and Junction. Others are</div> <div>• Strengthen donor-coordination,<br /> monitoring and evaluation, especially<br /> of children’s institutions.<br /> • Train officers, including volunteers,<br /> area advisory councils and<br /> officials in Government institutions<br /> dealing with children<br /> • Seek to stop new media that<br /> offer pornographic material from<br /> negatively influencing children.<br /> Community development<br /> At independence, the Government<br /> identified illiteracy, disease, ignorance<br /> and poverty as the main problems<br /> to development. Involvement<br /> of the community was identified as<br /> the best method of combating the<br /> vices. It entails mobilisation and participation<br /> of communities, groups<br /> and individuals in socio-economic<br /> activities.<br /> The Government has helped<br /> communities through the Division<br /> of Community Development. It<br /> empowers communities through<br /> community mobilisation, formation<br /> and registration of self-help groups.<br /> So far, more than 650,000 self-help<br /> groups have been registered. The<br /> ministry plays an important role in<br /> community mobilisation for ministries,<br /> NGOs and community-based<br /> organisations (CBOs). Women,<br /> youth, men and special groups have<br /> been registered. They engage in<br /> income-generation, community and<br /> social welfare projects. In 2008, to<br /> complement community efforts, the<br /> division gave Sh6 million ($75,000)<br /> to 2,046 groups in the districts.<br /> Another 1,300 groups were targeted<br /> in the 2009/2010 financial year.<br /> The division also trains group<br /> leaders, mainly on management<br /> skills. In 2007 and 2008, more than<br /> 14,000 leaders were trained. In the<br /> 2009-10, 455 leaders from 91 districts<br /> were trained.<br /> The division has a data bank of<br /> registered groups and their activities.<br /> It also seeks to develop an organisational<br /> development training manual<br /> on community development,<br /> analyse community grants and<br /> monitor and evaluate community<br /> activities.<br /> International commitments<br /> Kenya is a signatory to international<br /> and regional human rights conventions:<br /> • Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination<br /> against Women<br /> • International Covenant on Economic,<br /> Social and Cultural Rights<br /> • International Covenant on Civil<br /> Political Rights<br /> • African Charter on Human<br /> and People’s Rights relating to<br /> the rights of women in Africa<br /> (Maputo Protocol)<br /> Kenya, for instance, signed and ratified<br /> the CEDAW in 1984, Beijing<br /> Platform for Action in 1995 and<br /> is committed to the Millennium<br /> Development Goals (2000).<br /> Kenya observes UN days and the<br /> Gender Division coordinates the<br /> International Women’s Day and the<br /> Zero Tolerance on FGM.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 939</div> <div>30. Water Analysis and<br /> Quality Standards<br /> 31. Integrated River<br /> Basin Management<br /> 32. Water Resources<br /> and Environmental<br /> Management<br /> Human Resources Management<br /> 33. Culture Change in<br /> Water Supply<br /> 34. Staff Performance<br /> Appraisal<br /> 35. Effective<br /> Communication<br /> Irrigation and Rain Water Harvesting<br /> 36. Irrigation Practices<br /> in Small Scale Farming<br /> 37. Rain Water<br /> Harvesting<br /> Laboratory technologists,<br /> water supply operators,<br /> water technicians,<br /> scheme manager<br /> Middle level managers,<br /> technical experts, trainers<br /> and researchers,<br /> environmental officers,<br /> water resources managers,<br /> catchment area advisory<br /> committees<br /> Hydrologists, hydro-geologists,<br /> geologists, water<br /> engineers, environmentalists,<br /> water resources<br /> managers<br /> Managers and supervisors<br /> of water and waste<br /> water utilities<br /> Managers, supervisors<br /> and section heads<br /> Managers /supervisors,<br /> water operators<br /> and allied personnel /<br /> accounting staff<br /> Small scale farmers, individuals<br /> Small scale farmers, communities<br /> and individuals<br /> 09.11.09 – 20.11.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 23.11.09 – 04.12.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 23.11.09 – 04.12.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 23.11.09 – 25.11.09<br /> (3 days)<br /> 30.11.09 – 03.12.09<br /> (4 days)<br /> 25.11.09 – 27.11.09<br /> (3 days)<br /> 12.10.09 – 23 10.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 23.11.09 – 04.12.09<br /> (10 days)<br /> 33,100<br /> 33,100<br /> 33,100<br /> 11,100<br /> 13,900<br /> 11,100<br /> 33,100<br /> 33,100<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 559</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 342<br /> Missionary schools continued to<br /> exist although some were converted<br /> into Government schools. The quality<br /> of harambee schools, which were<br /> geared towards increasing education<br /> for Africans, depended on the<br /> economy of the location.<br /> (From education.stateuniversity.<br /> com/Kenya education)<br /> Education sub-sector<br /> They are early childhood or pre-primary<br /> education, primary education,<br /> secondary education, university<br /> education and technical education.<br /> Others are special education,<br /> non-formal education and adult<br /> education. The philosophy, vision,<br /> mission and the goals of education<br /> are focused towards life-skills and<br /> life-long learning.<br /> Kenya has more than 73,000 public<br /> and private educational institutions<br /> and 12.692 million pupils and<br /> students as at 2009 — 1.9 million in<br /> pre-primary institutions, 8.8 million<br /> in primary schools, 163,340 in nonformal<br /> schools, and 1.5 million in<br /> secondary schools. In teacher training<br /> colleges, the student enrolment<br /> stands at 26,324, technical institutions<br /> have 71,513 students and universities<br /> 177,735.<br /> Early childhood education<br /> The emergence of pre-school education<br /> in Kenya started in the 1940s.<br /> Since then, there has been a steady<br /> expansion in the number of children<br /> getting early childhood education.<br /> The National Centre runs early<br /> childhood education for Early<br /> Childhood Education (NACECE)<br /> and District Centres for Early Childhood<br /> Education (DICECE).<br /> It is provided in a range of preschools<br /> known as nursery schools,<br /> day care centres, kindergartens,<br /> pre-primary units and early childhood<br /> development and education<br /> centres.<br /> In 2009, Kenya had 38,247 preschools<br /> — 23,823 public and 14,424<br /> private. Enrolment in pre-school<br /> education stood at 1.9 million children<br /> and teachers were 78,000.<br /> Primary education<br /> Primary education is the second<br /> level and caters for children aged<br /> between six and 13. Pupils sit the<br /> Kenya Certificate of Primary Education<br /> (KCPE) examination after eight<br /> years of learning. The objective of<br /> primary education is to attain education<br /> for all and Millennium Development<br /> Goals by 2015. In pursuit<br /> of this, the Government introduced<br /> the Free Primary Education Programme<br /> in 2003, resulting in enrolment<br /> rising from 5.9 million in 2002<br /> to 8.8 million in 2009.<br /> There are 26,667 primary schools<br /> compared to 26,206 in 2008. Almost<br /> 70 per cent of the schools are public.<br /> Primary school completion rate has<br /> increased from 60 per cent in 2001<br /> to more than 70 per cent in 2009. In<br /> the 2010-2011 Budget, the free primary<br /> education programme alone<br /> got Sh9.2 billion ($115 million). It is<br /> fully financed by the Government.</div> <div>Energy<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 690<br /> Kenya Refineries<br /> Kenya Petroleum<br /> Refineries was set up<br /> by Shell and BP to serve<br /> East Africa. It was incorporated<br /> in 1960 as East<br /> African Oil Refineries.<br /> The first refinery was<br /> commissioned in 1963<br /> and the second in 1974.<br /> It processes imported<br /> crude oil for marketing<br /> companies and they<br /> pay a processing fee<br /> depending on the type<br /> of crude oil.<br /> KPRL’s main products<br /> are cooking gas,<br /> unleaded premium<br /> gasoline, regular petrol,<br /> industrial diesel, fuel<br /> oil and special products.<br /> KPRL is a private<br /> limited company. The<br /> Government owns 50<br /> per cent, and Essar<br /> Energy Overseas 50 per<br /> cent.<br /> www.kprl.co.ke<br /> discovery will be made. The role of National<br /> Oil in petroleum exploration includes to:<br /> Ensure that petroleum exploration companies<br /> fulfil their obligations in accordance with<br /> contracts with the Government.<br /> Provide and disseminate exploration data<br /> from to oil companies to attract them to<br /> Kenya<br /> Undertake exploration work in various<br /> basins in accordance with available capital,<br /> technical expertise and equipment.<br /> NOCK started downstream activities in<br /> 1988 with the importation of the first crude<br /> oil cargo. This was in fulfilment of the Government<br /> mandate for the corporation to<br /> supply 30 per cent of Kenya’s petroleum<br /> requirements. The supplies were sold to<br /> major oil marketers at a small margin prior to<br /> processing.<br /> One of the other major roles at this time<br /> was to advise the Government on pricing<br /> and other related oil policies. National Oil’s<br /> experience in procurement prevented the<br /> award of unjustified price increase to the oil<br /> marketers.<br /> In some instances, the corporation undertook<br /> to bring in all the country’s petroleum<br /> crude and finished products requirements<br /> when private companies declined to do so<br /> in order to pressurise the Government to<br /> concede to their demands for price increases.<br /> This was especially evident during the<br /> 1989/90 Gulf War when NOCK’s imports<br /> sustained the country for six weeks.<br /> Due to this, Kenya was the only country in<br /> East and Central Africa, which did not experience<br /> a shortage of products. Since 1994,<br /> when the oil industry was deregulated, the<br /> mandate to import 30 per cent of crude oil<br /> ceased and NOCK has been marketing petroleum<br /> products to consumers. In 1997, after</div> <div>with cowrie shells and leatherwork.<br /> Each design of bracelets, necklaces<br /> and ceremonial adornments has a<br /> meaning and purpose. The beadwork<br /> is popular with locals and<br /> tourists.<br /> Painting<br /> Kenyan painters are some of<br /> the best in the world and have a<br /> distinctive style. The country has<br /> many top galleries.<br /> Wood carving<br /> The Kamba people of Eastern Province<br /> are famous as wood carvers.<br /> It is said that artists in Machakos<br /> District, the headquarters of wood<br /> carving in East Africa, are not<br /> trained, but born. This activity is a<br /> significant source of income for the<br /> local people. They prefer hardwood<br /> for their work and the carvings are<br /> displayed in major towns in the<br /> country.<br /> Beadwork<br /> The Maasai are famous especially<br /> for their beautiful beadwork. It is<br /> astonishingly intricate, combining<br /> thousands of tiny-coloured beads<br /> Sculptures<br /> Sculpturing has a long history and<br /> tradition in Africa. Sculptors express<br /> their art using indigenous wood,<br /> stone, scrap metal and bronze. This<br /> ability by Kenyan artists was displayed<br /> when Peter Walala, a young<br /> artist, used a new medium when he<br /> participated at Canada’s Quebec<br /> Winter Carnival in: Snow. He was<br /> awarded the Volunteers Prize for his<br /> ‘Rhino’ sculptor.<br /> Ramoma Art Gallery<br /> The Rahimtulla Museum of Modern<br /> Art (RaMoMA) is in a large house<br /> with open, well-lit spaces. It has<br /> regular exhibitions of art and sculpture<br /> and an annual ‘Art Affair’ in<br /> October that promotes young and<br /> new artists.<br /> RaMoMA also runs art workshops<br /> for adults and children. The Rahimtulla<br /> Trust was founded by Carol<br /> Lees and Mary Collis in 2001 with<br /> the support of the Ford Foundation.<br /> It operates as a charity.<br /> It has a salesroom which sells the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 115</div> <div>events, the Government is preparing<br /> rules that will protect the craft<br /> industry.<br /> Training<br /> Art and Craft is taught in public<br /> and private schools in Kenya. The<br /> subject is examinable at seondary<br /> school. The Mobile Art School in<br /> Kenya (MASK) was established in<br /> 2006 to help young people explore<br /> their creativity. It organises art workshops<br /> in schools, sets up clubs and<br /> holds children’s exhibitions locally<br /> and internationally.<br /> Key events include the KESYDO<br /> Art and Craft Exhibition, whose<br /> objective is to expose young people’s<br /> art and craft talent to the world.<br /> It mainly focuses on children and<br /> youth from slums. Institutions such<br /> as Nairobi’s Buru Buru Institute of<br /> Fine Art and Kenyatta University’s<br /> Department of Fine Art train professionals<br /> in craft.<br /> In recent years, art galleries have<br /> become popular with shows such<br /> as the World Fair Trade Day and<br /> numerous companies support the<br /> efforts.<br /> Architecture<br /> Kenya’s architecture is a mix of<br /> cultural and modern style — Portuguese,<br /> Islamic and Indian influence<br /> at the Coast; and the British colonialists’<br /> and modern style.<br /> The traditional architecture can<br /> be seen in houses framed with<br /> mud and have mud walls. Some of<br /> the best examples of Portuguese,<br /> Islamic and Indian influences are<br /> found on Lamu Island and Mombasa’s<br /> Old Town.<br /> The original Kenya Railway<br /> houses, whose history dates back<br /> to 1899 when Nairobi was chosen<br /> as the headquarters of the Uganda<br /> Railway that weas then under construction.<br /> In 1905, Nairobi replaced<br /> Mombasa as the capital of the British<br /> Protectorate.<br /> Some buildings have been<br /> declared national monuments,<br /> including Old Parliament Buildings,<br /> the High Court building in Nairobi,<br /> Macmillan Library building, the<br /> Kenya Commercial Bank building,<br /> which now houses the Kenya<br /> National Archives, Fort Jesus in<br /> Mombasa, Mombasa Old Town and<br /> Lamu island.<br /> In recent years, the building and<br /> construction sector has experienced<br /> enormous expansion as more investors<br /> go into real estate.<br /> AAK<br /> The Architectural Association of<br /> Kenya (AAK) draws its 3,000 members<br /> from professionals in the building<br /> industry. Its role is to promote<br /> professional integrity by establishing<br /> and enforcing a code of conduct<br /> and educating Government officials,<br /> local authorities, NGOs and the<br /> public.<br /> Architecture is taught at the University<br /> of Nairobi and Jomo Kenyatta<br /> University of Agriculture and Technology.<br /> Diploma and other courses<br /> are offered at tertiary institutions.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 123</div> <div>Latin America and other parts of<br /> the world. Through WCK lobbying,<br /> hunting and wildlife trophies were<br /> banned in Kenya, tree planting and<br /> soil erosion control activities have<br /> increased as has vigorous conservation<br /> of natural resources.<br /> It has helped educate more than<br /> one million young Kenyans and<br /> placed many in positions of influence.<br /> Its intention is to ensure that<br /> this enormous membership and<br /> awareness lead to tangible conservation<br /> successes.<br /> Its objectives are to interest and<br /> educate the youth about the envi-<br /> ronment and natural resources,<br /> alert the public of the cultural, environmental,<br /> aesthetic and economic<br /> value of natural resources and<br /> develop a better understanding of<br /> conserving wildlife and other natural<br /> resources.<br /> The Mobile Education Unit is<br /> WCK’s most popular conservation<br /> education programme. It reaches<br /> out to clubs at the grassroots, taking<br /> conservation messages in a lively<br /> manner. The unit visits schools even<br /> in remote areas where electricity<br /> and water are non-existent. In<br /> one year, the unit visits about 400<br /> schools and reaches 90,000 students<br /> and residents. In total, it covers more<br /> than 40,000km countrywide.<br /> The WCK has established two<br /> new mobile units at the Coast<br /> (Mombasa) and western Kenya<br /> (Kisumu).<br /> A unit has three vehicles<br /> equipped with a power generator,<br /> film, slide and video projector, a<br /> public address system and other<br /> teaching and learning resources.<br /> The Mombasa Unit traverses the<br /> Coast Province, while the one in<br /> Kisumu covers Western and Nyanza<br /> provinces. The national mobile unit<br /> is based in Nairobi and covers the<br /> rest of the country.<br /> The WCK Education Officer visit<br /> clubs and discusses activities and<br /> reports to the headquarters. This<br /> provides a link between the headquarters<br /> and the grassroots. This<br /> link has facilitated the registration of<br /> new member clubs.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1067</div> <div>Economy, Disaster management Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 742<br /> Molo and Nakumatt<br /> fires fundraising team<br /> Naushad Merali — Chairman<br /> Peter Munga<br /> Martin Oduor-Otieno<br /> Bethwel Kiplagat<br /> Eddah Lisigi<br /> Co-opted sub-committee<br /> members to represent special<br /> interests:<br /> Daud A. Mohamed — Permanent<br /> Secretary in the Ministry<br /> of Special Programmes<br /> (now the PS in the Environment<br /> ministry)<br /> Abbas Gullet - Director,<br /> Kenya Red Cross<br /> Francis Kimani- Director of<br /> Medical Services<br /> Steve Smith - (former) Chairman<br /> of the Private Sector<br /> Alliance<br /> Joseph N. Macharia — secretary<br /> of the committee<br /> www.sprogrammes.go.ke<br /> with 408,631 people from 84,947 households<br /> displaced, and followed by Nyanza with<br /> 118,547 people from 24,984 homes. Western<br /> Province had 58,677 homeless people from<br /> 12,385 homes and Central Province 46,959<br /> people from 1,092 households. In Nairobi,<br /> 19,416 people from 5,349 households were<br /> displaced. The other provinces — Eastern,<br /> Coast and North Eastern — accounted for<br /> 11,691 displaced people from 2,685 homes.<br /> After profiling displaced families, the Government<br /> rolled out several programmes to<br /> mitigate their suffering, starting with Operation<br /> ‘Rudi Nyumbani’, aimed at helping the<br /> victims to return to their homes.<br /> With the support of the World Food Programme<br /> (WFP), the Government promised<br /> to provide food to displaced families until</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> sports Hall of Fame, store historical information<br /> and retrieve and preserve sports<br /> artifacts<br /> The institute has prepared syllabi for<br /> first-aid and sports medicine, handball<br /> and sports administration, swimming,<br /> basketball coaches’ clinic, lawn tennis,<br /> a hockey coaching course and sports<br /> administration. Others are rugby, volleyball,<br /> athletics, netball and cricket coaching<br /> courses.<br /> Youth affairs<br /> The youth are defined as people in the<br /> age bracket of 15 to 30. In Kenya, they are<br /> about 9.1 million, and account for 32 per<br /> cent of the population. Of these, 51.7 per<br /> cent are female. The youth form 60 per<br /> cent of the labour force.<br /> Since independence, the Government<br /> has taken a keen interest in the development<br /> of the youth. This can be seen in<br /> the expansion of education from the lowest<br /> level all the way to the top. In 1964,<br /> the Government started the National<br /> Youth Service and has supported it to<br /> date.<br /> But it was the tenure of President<br /> Kibaki that huge leaps have been made.<br /> Government has taken a keen interest<br /> in youth issues. In 2006, the Ministry of<br /> Youth Affairs was established and the<br /> Youth Fund, from which the youth borrow<br /> money to start businesses, set up.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1142<br /> Kenya Swimming Federation (KSF)<br /> It is responsible for aquatic competitions<br /> in Kenya and is affiliated to the world<br /> swimming body, FINA, the African one<br /> CANA and the International Olympic<br /> Committee (IOC) through the National<br /> Olympic Committee of Kenya (NOCK).<br /> KSF holds galas for various levels of<br /> swimming each year, with the support of<br /> parents, schools, clubs and sponsors. It<br /> has produced swimmers of international<br /> standards who represented Kenya in the<br /> 2008 Beijing Olympics, Commonwealth<br /> Games, World Championships, African<br /> Senior Championships, Youth Commonwealth<br /> Games and other regional<br /> championships.<br /> National Youth Policy<br /> It recognises that the youth are a key<br /> resource that can be tapped for the benefit<br /> of the country. It addresses issues<br /> affecting young people and includes<br /> strategies that provide opportunities<br /> for the youth to realise their potential.<br /> The policy provides a broad framework<br /> within which stakeholders, including<br /> the private sector and civil society, will<br /> contribute to youth development.<br /> Kenya is a signatory to the Charter<br /> of United Nations, the Commonwealth<br /> Youth Charter, the Universal Declaration<br /> of Human Rights and the United<br /> Nations World Programme for the<br /> Youth.<br /> The policy visualises a society where<br /> the youth have an equal opportunity<br /> to realise their potential, participate in<br /> economic, social, political, cultural and<br /> religious life It is a vehicle for giving priority<br /> to public actions aimed at creating<br /> an environment for the youth to achieve<br /> their aspirations. The policy is consistent<br /> with national laws and development<br /> priorities.<br /> It respects the cultural, religious, customary<br /> and ethical backgrounds of dif-</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> whose lease was beyond this — like the 999<br /> leaseholds held by some multinational companies<br /> or individuals — the provision will<br /> revert to 99-year leaseholds<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 78<br /> Laikipia plateau<br /> Laikipia is a vast plateau<br /> Kenya on the Equator. It<br /> stretches from the Great<br /> Rift Valley to the magnificent<br /> escarpments<br /> which descend into<br /> the Northern Frontier<br /> District. The Laikipia<br /> plains are covered by<br /> open grasslands, basalt<br /> hills, lonely kopjes and<br /> dense cedar forests fed<br /> by the Ewaso Nyiro and<br /> Ewaso Narok rivers. This<br /> spectacular region is<br /> often considered the<br /> gateway to Kenya’s<br /> wild northern frontier.<br /> Laikipia is made up of<br /> community group and<br /> private ranches — commercial<br /> cattle ranches,<br /> agricultural enterprises,<br /> wildlife conservancies<br /> and pastoralist grazing<br /> lands.<br /> www.sunsafaris.com/<br /> laikipia-plateau<br /> National Land Commission<br /> It is established by the new Constitution and<br /> its functions are to manage public land on<br /> behalf of the national and county governments,<br /> recommend a national land policy to<br /> the national government, advise the national<br /> government on a comprehensive programme<br /> for the registration of titles in throughout<br /> Kenya and to conduct research on land and<br /> the use of natural resources.<br /> The Commission will also investigate present<br /> or historical land injustices, and recommend<br /> redress, encourage the application of<br /> traditional dispute resolution mechanisms in<br /> land conflicts, assess tax on land and premiums<br /> on immovable property and have oversight<br /> over land use.<br /> Land policy<br /> The Cabinet and Parliament approved the<br /> new land policy, which recognises land not<br /> just as a commodity for trade, but also as a<br /> principal source of livelihood. This will correct<br /> the injustices against women, children<br /> and minority groups. The policy further plans<br /> to stop hoarding of land for speculation by<br /> introducing taxes to discourage ownership of<br /> idle land.<br /> It also gives the State power to regulate private<br /> land. A classic example is the 117-yearold<br /> Married Women’s Property Act of 1882<br /> targeted for repeal to pave way for a more<br /> responsive and modern matrimonial Act<br /> sympathetic to spouses whose contribution<br /> to the matrimonial property cannot be quantified.</div> <div>ing date of bids at no cost. All letters to the<br /> ministry are responded to within seven days.<br /> Building construction<br /> Statistics from leading<br /> property developers<br /> reveal that up to 80 per<br /> cent of the people buying<br /> property in the country<br /> are Kenyans of all walks<br /> of life. They get loans<br /> from mortgage providers<br /> and financial institutions.<br /> Almost all of the remaining<br /> 20 per cent of the purchases<br /> are by Kenyans in<br /> the Diaspora. The Kenyan<br /> real estate is not driven by<br /> speculation, but genuine<br /> demand and supply. There<br /> is high demand for housing<br /> and rental prices have<br /> skyrocketed.<br /> www.constructionkenya.com<br /> Legal reforms<br /> Steps have been taken to boost the construction<br /> business. This will give local companies<br /> the needed shot in the arm to compete<br /> with foreign firms. A National Construction<br /> Authority will be created with the mandate<br /> to register, regulate and enhance the capacity<br /> of local contractors. It will also provide a level<br /> playing field for local companies.<br /> The authority will also oversee vetting and<br /> registration of contractors and help local<br /> builders to compete with foreigners whose<br /> capacity and expertise give them an edge in<br /> most major works.<br /> To improve services offered by architects<br /> and quantity surveyors, the ministry has<br /> proposed new laws. A Quantity Surveyors<br /> Bill seeking to regulate the practice has been<br /> drafted. When it becomes law, it will allow the<br /> creation of a Quantity Surveyors Registration<br /> Board that will register the practitioners and<br /> streamline professional practices.<br /> The ministry is reviewing the 1934 law on<br /> architects, which was last revised in 1978,<br /> and preparing a Public Works policy that will<br /> boost the construction industry. The ministry<br /> and other partners are also reviewing the<br /> Building Code so that affordable housing can<br /> be boosted.<br /> Building sub-sector<br /> The sector registered a remarkable growth<br /> of 14.1 per cent in 2009 compared to an<br /> expansion of 8.2 per cent in 2008. Growth<br /> was reflected in cement consumption, which<br /> went up 21.1 per cent in 2009.<br /> In the Public Works ministry, the sector is<br /> maned by three key sections: Architectural,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 647</div> <div>Art and culture 4<br /> The Kenyan lifestyle is a product of different<br /> communities, languages, religions and habits that intimately<br /> project the country’s rich and diverse culture.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 109</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 250<br /> — went live in 1998 and was run by<br /> KPTC. More ISPs continued to enter<br /> the market, leading to even more<br /> competition though rates were still<br /> high compared to other parts of the<br /> world.<br /> In 1999, a group of ISPs created<br /> a local Internet exchange point<br /> — KIXP — that provided a link for<br /> Internet traffic, resulting in cheaper<br /> rates for consumers and operators.<br /> The Telecommunications Service<br /> Providers Association (TESPOK)<br /> launched KIXP in 2000. But Telkom<br /> Kenya complained to CCK<br /> that KIXP had violated the former’s<br /> exclusive monopoly. CCK ruled<br /> that KIXP required a licence, which<br /> was finally given in 2001. Before<br /> KIXP, Internet traffic in Kenya was<br /> exchanged internationally. The<br /> main users at the time increased to<br /> include NGOs, multinational corporations<br /> and international organisations<br /> — 50 per cent of subscribers<br /> in the country. The Government,<br /> domestic consumers and academia<br /> used less than 5 per cent of bandwidth<br /> due to the high cost. The high<br /> cost of computers also deterred<br /> many from subscribing and cyber<br /> cafés became the main access</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Panari Hotel<br /> It is the only transit hotel<br /> a five-minute drive from<br /> Jomo Kenyatta International<br /> Airport in Nairobi. With its<br /> exquisite accommodation<br /> rooms facing the Nairobi<br /> National Park, Panari offers<br /> a breathtaking view for<br /> those who love safaris<br /> and wildlife and business<br /> travellers en route<br /> to different destinations.<br /> It also gives the best in<br /> conferencing and banqueting<br /> facilities for corporate,<br /> social and personal events.<br /> Panari Hotel has 24-hour<br /> security with internal and<br /> external security personnel<br /> deployed in the entire<br /> facility. CCTV cameras cover<br /> all floors and public areas<br /> with direct panic buttons to<br /> the nearest Administration<br /> Police headquarters.<br /> www.panarihotels.com<br /> They can be seen at Lake Nakuru National<br /> Park and the Masai Mara Game Reserve.<br /> Black and white rhino<br /> The black rhino is a solitary animal with a<br /> hooked and flexible upper lip. On its part, the<br /> white rhino has a wide upper lip and a large<br /> hump at the top of its neck. The former feeds<br /> on leaves, shoots and buds, but the latter<br /> exclusively on grass and is less solitary than<br /> its black counterpart. They live in small family<br /> groups. They are found in Lake Nakuru,<br /> Nairobi, Meru and Tsavo West national parks<br /> and the Ol Pejeta and Lewa conservancies.<br /> 1044</div> <div>Commercial banks<br /> 39. Prime Bank<br /> 40. Standard Chartered<br /> Bank<br /> 41. Transnational Bank<br /> 42. Victoria Commercial<br /> Bank<br /> 43 UBA<br /> * Under statutory<br /> management<br /> Mortgage financial<br /> institutions<br /> 1. Housing Finance<br /> Company of Kenya<br /> www.elistofbanks.com<br /> million) for youth empowerment support centres<br /> countrywide. It has been growing yearly and<br /> has become a crucial tool enabling the youth to<br /> participate in economic development. The Fund<br /> has many success stories in rural and urban<br /> Kenya.<br /> Constituency Development Fund (CDF)<br /> CDF has been hailed as one of the most innovative<br /> creations of the Narc administration<br /> (2003-2007). It was taken to Parliament through<br /> a private member’s Motion and given legal force<br /> through the Constituency Development Fund<br /> Act of 2003. Unlike other State funding, CDF<br /> is sent directly to the constituency, thus avoid-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 197</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> Girls’ rugby<br /> Women’s rugby is enjoying<br /> something of a revolution in<br /> Kenya with three provinces<br /> — Western, Rift Valley and<br /> Nairobi — taking the lead.<br /> Twelve Nairobi girls’ schools<br /> play rugby and competitions<br /> have been held. In the 2010<br /> Nairobi Provincial Rugby<br /> Sevens Championships, a<br /> girls’ competition featured for<br /> the first time. In June 2010,<br /> the Kenya Rugby Union and<br /> Oundle School of the UK will<br /> organise for players at Gilgil’s<br /> Ngoche High to tour Britain<br /> for a week. Women’s rugby is<br /> growing in Africa — Uganda<br /> is experiencing a boom after<br /> 2009 World Cup Sevens and<br /> South Africa preparing for<br /> the women’s World Cup in<br /> England in late 2010.<br /> www.irb.com/women’s rugby<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1110<br /> attacker with the Kenya Prisons team, were<br /> in Japan in 2009 on volleyball scholarships.<br /> The men’s team also took part in the All Africa<br /> Games in Algeria in 2007 and gave a good<br /> account of themselves finishing fourth.<br /> In the clubs’ front, former national league<br /> champions General Service Unit has been a<br /> regular participant at the Africa Club Championships.<br /> Even though it has not won the continental<br /> event, it finishes in the top five positions.<br /> The men’s team has not only exported<br /> players like Maiyo, but also sent out technical<br /> expertise. Paul Bitok, a former national team<br /> attacker, is now the coach of the Rwanda<br /> national team and also coached that country’s<br /> national league champions APR.</div> <div>The Agri-Business Training Centre<br /> is a training and consultancy institution<br /> at the Cooperative College.<br /> Cooperative Alliance of Kenya<br /> It was registered in December, 2009<br /> as the national apex organisation<br /> for the cooperative movement to<br /> replace the Kenya National Federation<br /> of Cooperatives.<br /> Cooperative Alliance of Kenya<br /> (CAK) will be the driving force of<br /> the cooperative movement aimed at<br /> promoting and representing cooperative<br /> interests. CAK’s head office<br /> is in Karen, Nairobi, at the Cooperative<br /> College of Kenya compound.<br /> There are plans to eventually open<br /> regional offices for better service<br /> delivery.<br /> CAK by-laws provides for a Governing<br /> Council that will comprise<br /> 15 elected members — five from<br /> national cooperative organizations,<br /> three from cooperative institutions<br /> and seven from the following<br /> regions: Nairobi, Western, Nyanza,<br /> Rift Valley, Central, Eastern and<br /> Coast/North Eastern. The Commissioner<br /> for Cooperative Development<br /> is an ex-officio member<br /> Sub-committees will be constituted<br /> from council members to<br /> address issues such as cooperative<br /> finance, agriculture, manufacturing,<br /> cooperative business and trade,<br /> cooperative governance and policy,<br /> programmes, projects and proposals<br /> and audit. CAK’s affiliates are registered<br /> cooperative societies. They<br /> include the National Cooperative<br /> Organisations and (NACOs), Cooperative<br /> Bank, Cooperative Insurance<br /> Company and Cooperative College<br /> of Kenya. Others are the Kenya<br /> Union of Savings and Credit Cooperatives<br /> (KUSCCO), National Cooperative<br /> Housing Union (NACHU),<br /> Kenya Rural SACCO Societies<br /> Union and New Kenya Cooperative<br /> Creameries (New KCC).<br /> Other affiliates are the Kenya<br /> Cooperative Coffee Exporters, Cooperative<br /> Development Information<br /> Centre, KPCU, secondary and primary<br /> cooperative societies.<br /> Kenya Union of Savings and<br /> Credit Cooperatives (KUSSCO)<br /> It promotes the organisation and<br /> development of viable cooperative<br /> savings and credit societies. It<br /> also disseminates information and<br /> encourages practices that maintain<br /> uniformity.<br /> KUSCCO fosters the education<br /> and training of members, officials<br /> and employees of saccos and<br /> helps improve their management.<br /> It has encouraged the formation<br /> and development of saccos. As the<br /> umbrella body of saccos, KUSCCO’s<br /> key role has been advocacy and representation.<br /> It also offers financial<br /> and technical assistance to rural<br /> and urban middle and low-income<br /> earners. KUSCCO offers products<br /> including stationery, SACCO Star<br /> Magazine, KUSCCO Housing Fund.<br /> It will introduce the following services<br /> to large, medium and small<br /> sacco societies: Book-keeping and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 727</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 10<br /> Kenya-Tanzania boundary separated<br /> the Maasai who today live in<br /> the two countries.<br /> Cushites<br /> Cushitic communities in northern<br /> Kenya migrated southwards from<br /> the Ethiopian highlands. One group<br /> remained in Turkana (El Molo),<br /> while another (comprising the Boni<br /> and Somali) travelled southwards<br /> and occupied Marsabit and all the<br /> way to the Coast. They lived off<br /> camel and cattle.<br /> Nilotes<br /> They include the Luo and Kalenjin<br /> and were pushed out of the Sahel<br /> region in the Sudan about 4000<br /> years ago and trekked southwards.<br /> This was a time when rainfall had<br /> decreased and climate changed.<br /> The conditions sparked conflicts<br /> among communities over control of<br /> resources, especially pastures. The<br /> weak were forced out. The Nilotes<br /> (both lake and highland) followed<br /> the shores of Lake Turkana and the<br /> hills bordering the Kerio River.<br /> The tsetse fly menace may have<br /> made it difficult for them to settle<br /> in Turkana and Kerio. The Kalenjin<br /> may have split from the River-Lake<br /> Nilotes near the Sudan-Ethiopia<br /> border 2000 years ago “or more”.<br /> Colonialism<br /> If there was a period so epochal<br /> for Kenya, it was the coming of the<br /> Europeans. As early as the 1850s,<br /> African prophets had predicted the<br /> invasion of their land by Europeans.<br /> The prophets included Masaku of<br /> the Akamba, Kiariga of the Imenti<br /> in Meru, Mugo wa Kibiru of the<br /> Agikuyu, Mbatian of the Maasai and<br /> Kimnyole of the Kipsisgis.<br /> They foresaw “the coming of a<br /> white man and his iron train that<br /> would belch smoke and traverse the<br /> lands from east to west”.<br /> Missionaries and explorers<br /> Missionaries Ludwig Krapf and<br /> Johann Rebman came to the Coast<br /> and started a church in 1844.<br /> By the 1880s, explorers Joseph<br /> Thomson, Count Samuel Teleki<br /> and Ludwig von Hohnel had crisscrossed<br /> the country, from the Coast<br /> to Mt Elgon in the west, assisted by<br /> the Swahili and Miji Kenda. They<br /> were on an intelligence-gathering<br /> mission. They drew maps of areas<br /> they passed through, assessing the<br /> strength of the local people and<br /> potential for agriculture.<br /> In 1891, George Whitehouse, an<br /> engineer, started survey work for a<br /> railway line to Uganda. Much earlier,<br /> in 1497, a Portuguese, Vasco da<br /> Gama, who was on his way to India,<br /> stopped in Mombasa and built a<br /> protective landmark called Fort<br /> Jesus, whose ruins at the coastal<br /> town is a stark reminder of the trip.<br /> Land<br /> The British opened up Kenya to<br /> commercial estate farming. Settlers<br /> seized the so-called ‘White Highlands’,<br /> exclusive fertile agricultural</div> <div>Land and its people<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 40</div> <div>The Nairobi Metropolitan 23<br /> The green city in the sun has become<br /> a metropolis with major plans — national, regional and<br /> international — to strengthen its status as the regional<br /> and continental hub for business<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 835</div> <div>At the 2003 championship in<br /> Paris, Catherine Ndereba claimed<br /> her first women’s marathon title and<br /> Eliud Kipchoge ensured the 5,000m<br /> gold returned home. However,<br /> Qatar’s Saif Saeed Shaheen snapped<br /> Kenya’s hot streak in the steeplechase<br /> when he forced Ezekiel Kemboi<br /> to accept the first of his three<br /> successive silver medals.<br /> At Helsinki in 2005, another<br /> 5,000m gold was won courtesy of<br /> Benjamin Limo as Kemboi and<br /> Brimin Kipruto trailed Shaheen for<br /> silver and bronze in steeplechase.<br /> Jeruto Kiptum scooped bronze in<br /> the first-ever women’s 3,000m steeplechase<br /> competition as Ndereba<br /> settled for silver.<br /> With five gold, three silver and<br /> five bronze (13 medals), Osaka<br /> 2007 remains the most decorated<br /> championships for Kenya. Jepkosgei<br /> became the first Kenyan woman to<br /> win a world title in middle distance<br /> as Ndereba reclaimed her women’s<br /> world title. Luke Kibet became the<br /> second Kenyan male marathoner to<br /> win the world title after Wakiihuri,<br /> ending a 20-year wait.<br /> In Berlin 2009, Kemboi at last<br /> won the elusive men’s steeplechase<br /> gold in a championship record of<br /> 8:00.43. Linet Masai ended Kenya’s<br /> 12-year Ethiopian dominance of the<br /> women’s 10,000m race, while Vivian<br /> Cheruiyot became the first Kenyan<br /> woman 5,000m gold medallist. Abel<br /> Kirui, in a championship record of<br /> 2:06.54, ensured the men’s marathon<br /> title remained at home.<br /> Commonwealth Games<br /> In 18 editions of the games, Kenya<br /> has clinched 130 medals — 59 gold,<br /> 35 silver and 36 bronze. Kenya<br /> scooped her first two medals at the<br /> 1958 edition in Cardiff, Wales, when<br /> Arere Anentia clocked 28:51.48 in<br /> the six-mile and Bartonjo Rotich<br /> won the bronze in the six-mile and<br /> 440 yards hurdles.<br /> The country has bagged medals<br /> in subsequent editions apart<br /> from the 1986 Games in Edinburgh<br /> when Kenya joined 31 other African<br /> nations to boycott the championships.<br /> The snub was to protest<br /> over former British government’s<br /> sporting links with apartheid South<br /> Africa.<br /> Seraphino Antao won the sprint<br /> double at the 1962 Commonwealth<br /> Games in Perth (110 yards and 220<br /> yards), making him the first Kenyan<br /> athlete to win a gold medal at the<br /> international level. Sabina Chebichi,<br /> who won bronze in the 800m at<br /> the 1974 Games in Christchurch<br /> became the first Kenyan female athlete<br /> to bag a Commonwealth medal.<br /> With seven gold, three silver and<br /> three bronze medals, the 1998 Kuala<br /> Lumpur Games in Malaysia remain<br /> Kenya’s most bountiful outing.<br /> World Cross Country Championships<br /> Since the late Some Muge won a<br /> bronze medal at the 1983 World<br /> Cross Country in Gateshead, England,<br /> Kenyan runners are acknowledged<br /> as a dominant force at the<br /> annual event that will now be held<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1081</div> <div>Northern Kenya and regional development<br /> which its product will reach the<br /> international market. Exporting<br /> through the Port of Sudan is not<br /> only risky, but also expensive due to<br /> the long distance.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 948<br /> Peace<br /> To promote peace and harmony<br /> in arid and semi-arid areas, the<br /> Government has started various<br /> projects. The ministry plans to<br /> enhance national cohesion between<br /> the north and southern parts of the<br /> country. This will promote better<br /> understanding and closer integration<br /> between marginalised areas<br /> and the rest of the country.<br /> To end hostility between warring<br /> communities in the region, the Government<br /> has initiated meetings to<br /> build peace. Integrating the communities<br /> will improve security, boost<br /> development and safeguard the<br /> residents’ most precious resource<br /> — cattle — which has been targeted<br /> by rustlers who exploit insecurity to<br /> terrorise and impoverish the residents.<br /> Regional development<br /> Regional development is critical to<br /> wealth creation. Effective planning,<br /> development and implementation<br /> of integrated programmes and projects<br /> contribute to balanced regional<br /> development through employment<br /> creation, equitable distribution of<br /> resources and rural-urban balance.<br /> Regional authorities have<br /> changed the lives of Kenyans<br /> through pro-poor projects. Kenya<br /> has six regional authorities: Tana<br /> and Athi Rivers Development<br /> Authority (Tarda), Kerio Valley<br /> Development Authority (KVDA),<br /> Lake Basin Development Authority<br /> (LBDA), Ewaso Ng’iro North Development<br /> Authority, Ewaso Ng’iro<br /> South Development Authority<br /> and Coast Development Authority<br /> (CDA).<br /> They promote integrated development<br /> in their areas of jurisdiction<br /> through projects that provide<br /> hydropower, flood control, water for<br /> irrigation, domestic and industrial<br /> use as well as environmental conservation.<br /> Unbalanced development has<br /> led to disparities, which formed</div> <div>the first three petroleum stations<br /> were completed, NOCK moved to<br /> retail sales.<br /> It acquired 10 petrol station sites<br /> between 1995 and 1997 to build<br /> retail outlets. Of these, six have been<br /> developed to fully-fledged stations.<br /> They have a forecourt, service, shop<br /> and restaurant facilities expected<br /> of a modern service station. They<br /> include two petrol stations in<br /> Eldoret, and one each in Kisumu,<br /> Nakuru, Kaplong and Nairobi. They<br /> are NOCK’s flagship stations.<br /> It has since acquired 60 service<br /> stations from individuals and other<br /> oil marketers — 13 stations from BP<br /> and 33 from Somken. Now, it has<br /> 67 service stations all the country.<br /> NOCK has also entered into market<br /> segments, including LPG and fuel<br /> oil. Its share of the domestic market<br /> is about 5 per cent.<br /> NOCK has a truck loading facility<br /> in Nairobi to serve the city and its<br /> environs, markets which comprise<br /> about 60 per cent of the domestic<br /> demand for petroleum products<br /> in Kenya. To increase efficiency,<br /> NOCK has invested in computer<br /> hardware and software and trained<br /> staff in the operations. They include<br /> efficiency of administration of services<br /> and the accounting process to<br /> facilitate faster decision-making and<br /> strategic planning.<br /> Rural Electrification<br /> Authority<br /> It was established under the Energy<br /> Act, 2006 to accelerate the pace<br /> of rural electrification, a function<br /> which was previously under the<br /> Ministry of Energy. Its mandate is to<br /> accelerate the pace of rural electrification.<br /> Its core functions are to:<br /> • Manage the Rural Electrification<br /> Programme Fund<br /> • Develop and update the rural<br /> electrification master plan<br /> • Promote the use of renewable<br /> energy sources, including small<br /> hydros, wind, solar, biomass,<br /> geothermal, hybrid systems and<br /> oil-fired components.<br /> • Implement and seek additional<br /> funds for the rural electrification<br /> programme<br /> • Manage the delineation, tendering<br /> and award of contracts,<br /> licences and permits for rural<br /> electrification<br /> Petroleum Institute<br /> of East Africa<br /> It is a voluntary membership institution<br /> patronised by major oil companies<br /> in Kenya. It plays a key role<br /> in capacity building and awareness<br /> creation. The School of Petroleum<br /> Studies was incorporated in 2007<br /> as a subsidiary of the Petroleum<br /> Institute of East Africa to offer specialised<br /> training in oil and gas.<br /> A management committee of professionals<br /> from the Institute’s member<br /> companies leads the institution.<br /> Resource people have proven oil<br /> industry experience working in the<br /> oil industry or in petroleum consultancy.<br /> The longer diploma courses<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 691</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1046<br /> At Hells’ Gate National Park in<br /> Naivasha, ‘Wheelbarrow Race’, the<br /> first-of-a-kind world-class sport, was<br /> introduced, while at Lake Nakuru,<br /> the ‘Cycle with Rhino’ project run,<br /> is in its second year. At the Nairobi<br /> National Park, a unique race,<br /> ‘Sokotoko Marathon’, was introduced.<br /> Another event is the ‘Mara<br /> Marathon’ that took place at the<br /> Masai Mara Game Reserve.<br /> The annual Rhino Charge, a<br /> sport-cum-fundraiser, has in the<br /> past continued to raise awareness<br /> and attract tourists. The event is a<br /> joint venture between KWS and<br /> Rhino Ark Trust, a wildlife charitable<br /> organisation, to raise funds for fencing<br /> off of the Aberdares Forest.<br /> Lake Nakuru, Kenya’s leading<br /> tourist site, was branded an International<br /> Bird Sanctuary in 2009. It is<br /> the first site to receive the Important<br /> Bird Area (IBA) status in Africa in<br /> recognition of its outstanding value<br /> to bird conservation. The park,<br /> which is home to more than 450<br /> bird species, is world famous for its<br /> high population of big and small<br /> flamingos that cover the lake edge in<br /> a layer of bright pink.<br /> Four years ago, the KWS branded<br /> the park a ‘bird watcher’s paradise’<br /> under a national programme aimed<br /> at designating selected parks and<br /> reserves as world-class destinations<br /> and conservation areas.<br /> Other activities included the<br /> branding of Hell’s Gate and Mt Longonot<br /> national parks. This marked<br /> the 16th such event since 2005<br /> when KWS started the marketing<br /> blitz in line with Vision 2030. The<br /> makeover of Hells Gate and Mt Longonot<br /> parks includes not only the<br /> rehabilitation of infrastructure, but<br /> also a comprehensive community<br /> outreach programme.<br /> Other branded parks are Lake<br /> Nakuru, Amboseli, Tsavo East and<br /> West, Meru, Nairobi, Kakamega Forest,<br /> Saiwa Swamp, Mt Elgon in Trans<br /> Nzoia, Ruma in Homa Bay and Ol<br /> Donyo Sabuk in Thika.<br /> Private conservancies have not<br /> been left behind. The annual Lewa<br /> Marathon marked its 10th anniversary<br /> in 2009. The Laikipia Conservancy<br /> launched a similar one, while<br /> other plan to start theirs.<br /> Access to parks<br /> In 2009, park entry tariffs were<br /> reviewed and Sterling pounds<br /> and euros accepted as currencies<br /> of payment besides the US dollar<br /> and the Kenya shilling. This was in<br /> response to requests from international<br /> tourists. The fee ranges from<br /> Sh60 to Sh600 for citizens, Sh100 to<br /> Sh2,000 for Kenya residents and $5<br /> to $150 for non-residents. Children<br /> are charged less. The upward revision<br /> was driven by the high cost of<br /> wildlife conservation and the need<br /> for a pricing strategy that reflects the<br /> true value of tourism products. The<br /> charges are higher in some parks<br /> than in others.<br /> The segmentation of prices aims<br /> at attracting tourists to less visited<br /> parks in the Western Circuit, espe-</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 582<br /> The World Bank, through the<br /> Northern Corridor Transport<br /> Improvement Project, is improving<br /> the corridor from Mombasa<br /> to the Malaba and Busia border<br /> points. The Government will<br /> upgrade or develop other roads<br /> to support Vision 2030. Design<br /> and feasibility studies have been<br /> done for some. (See Annex 4 for<br /> priority roads to support Kenya<br /> Vision 2030)<br /> Road agencies<br /> Kenya’s road system accounts for<br /> more than 93 per cent of the country’s<br /> passenger and freight traffic.<br /> To promote efficiency and a more<br /> structured system of roads management,<br /> agencies have been established.<br /> They are responsible for the<br /> development and maintenance of<br /> roads under the coordination of the<br /> Kenya Roads Board.</div> <div>AP Band<br /> The Administration Police<br /> Band started as Corps of<br /> Drums in 1958 at Ruring’u<br /> Training Centre, Nyeri. Its<br /> main activity at the time was<br /> to lead march pasts during<br /> graduation ceremonies. In<br /> 1972, when AP training was<br /> moved to Nairobi, the band<br /> was based at the college. Its<br /> role is to:<br /> • Promote good relations with<br /> the public as AP ambassadors<br /> • Help charitable organisations<br /> accomplish their<br /> objectives<br /> • Boost AP community-based<br /> policing strategies<br /> Administration Police Band<br /> has trained and helped establish<br /> bands such as National<br /> Youth Service Band, General<br /> Service Unit Band and the<br /> Sudan People’s Liberation<br /> Army Band. The band can be<br /> hired for official or private<br /> functions.<br /> www.administrationpolice.go.ke<br /> ing and relief services. The most memorable<br /> was the Bosnia/Herzegovina mission, where<br /> police servicemen and women served with<br /> distinguished excellence for 15 years. Others<br /> are Sierra Leone and Liberia, where the<br /> police left a mark in their 10 and six-year stay,<br /> respectively.<br /> New Constitution<br /> The new Constitution has major effects on<br /> national security. It establishes the National<br /> Security Council consisting of the President,<br /> the Deputy President (now called Vice-President),<br /> Defence Cabinet Secretary (now the<br /> Defence Minister), Foreign Affairs Cabinet<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 405</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 298<br /> Maize production<br /> Maize is Kenya’s staple<br /> food. About 1.6 million<br /> million hectares are<br /> under cultivation. In<br /> 2009/10, harvests were<br /> estimated at 23 million<br /> bags. With consumption<br /> needs of about<br /> 37 million bags, the<br /> country will experience<br /> a shortfall. Small-scale<br /> farmers account for 75<br /> per cent of production,<br /> with large-scale farmers<br /> producing the rest.<br /> Trans Nzoia, Uasin Gishu<br /> and Nandi districts are<br /> the breadbasket of the<br /> country. Production in<br /> other parts is largely<br /> for household use. The<br /> value of maize sold rose<br /> from Sh7.9 billion in<br /> 2007 to Sh8.3 billion<br /> in 2008.<br /> www.knbs.or.ke/<br /> economic survey 2009<br /> other cereals such as wheat and rice are within<br /> the expected range.<br /> The Government has taken several measures<br /> to reduce the effects of drought.<br /> The Government and development partners<br /> give food to the hungry. Through WFP,<br /> about 2.5 million people in the most affected<br /> districts are being fed. The total number is<br /> expected to increase to about 6.5 million<br /> people.<br /> The Government has allowed duty free<br /> maize imports up to June 2010 to ensure<br /> adequate supply of food grains. In addition,<br /> the Government has directed the National<br /> Cereals and Produce Board to open depots,<br /> especially in the South Rift, and buy maize at<br /> Sh2,300 ($30.6) for a 90-kg bag.<br /> Maize<br /> Maize is the staple food in Kenya. Large as<br /> well as small-scale farmers produce the crop<br /> and a large percentage of the population<br /> depends on maize as an income-generating<br /> crop.<br /> Availability of the maize crop is a sign<br /> of food security. Maize is used as human<br /> food, animal feed and a source of industrial<br /> products such as cooking oil and breakfast<br /> cereals. It is also an export crop whose<br /> demand is on the increase for production of<br /> biofuels.<br /> As Kenya’s staple food, a lot of emphasis<br /> is laid on the crop’s production. Area under<br /> maize cultivation is about 1.6 million<br /> hectares. Maximum crop production in a<br /> good season is about 34 million tonnes. In<br /> 2009/10 cropping year, maize harvests are<br /> estimated at 23 million bags. With maize<br /> consumption needs of about 37 million<br /> bags, the country will experience a shortfall.<br /> In 2006, 34 million bags were harvested, 32</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1050<br /> KTB contacts abroad<br /> European circuit:<br /> C/o Hills Balfour<br /> Notcutt House<br /> Tel: 020 7202 6373<br /> kenya@hillsbalfour.com<br /> CSDéveloppement<br /> C/O Tuset 10- 3º4ª -<br /> Barcelona<br /> kenya@ketal.com<br /> Via Monte Rosa Milano<br /> magicalkenya@aviareps.<br /> com<br /> Travel Marketing<br /> Amsterdam<br /> kenia@travelmc.com<br /> Travel Marketing<br /> Paris<br /> kenya@interfacetourism.<br /> com<br /> The Americas:<br /> Carlson Destination Marketing<br /> Services<br /> infousa@MagicalKenya.<br /> com<br /> Emerging markets (Asia,<br /> Australiasia and the Middle<br /> East)<br /> fokeyo@kenyatourism.org<br /> Local and regional tourism<br /> — Kenya and Africa<br /> Jonathan Mbiyu<br /> jmbiyu@kenyatourism.org<br /> www.ktb.org<br /> Park. Each region has an aircraft for patrols<br /> and other conservation activities.<br /> Opening up the domestic airspace is a key<br /> drive in achieving Kenya’s target of five million<br /> tourists a year by 2012. The Kenya Civil<br /> Aviation Authority (KCAA) has given KWS a<br /> commercial licence to fly tourists to northern<br /> Kenya. The one-year licence restricts flights<br /> to areas around Sibiloi National Park in Turkana,<br /> Marsabit National Park and Malka Mari<br /> National Park along the Ethiopia-Kenya border<br /> between Mandera and Moyale.<br /> KCAA is finalising the process of approving<br /> a seven-seater helicopter, 13-seater caravan<br /> and four-seater Cessna aircraft for the nonscheduled<br /> passenger air services. The commercial<br /> service is meant to help KWS Air<br /> Wing, a critical ingredient in Kenya’s efforts to<br /> protect and manage wildlife, raise revenue to<br /> meet part of its costs for conservation work<br /> and open up national parks in remote areas<br /> to tourists.<br /> In December 2008, a shuttle bus service<br /> targeting local tourists was launched at the<br /> parks. Several parks have benefited from this<br /> and plans are underway to extend the initiative<br /> to 59 parks and national reserves.<br /> Kenya’s national parks have stamped<br /> their authority on the global map. KWS coordinated<br /> a high profile meeting to design the<br /> 2010-2020 elephant conservation scheme. It<br /> also represented the country at the International<br /> Wildlife Disease Association and the<br /> 11th International Wildlife Law Conference.<br /> Kenya is signatory to regional and international<br /> environmental agreements on<br /> conservation and management. They include<br /> the Convention on Biological Diversity, the<br /> Convention on Wetlands of International<br /> Importance — Waterfowl Habitat, Convention<br /> on International Trade in Endangered</div> <div>PROJECT NAME<br /> LOCATION<br /> AWARD DATE<br /> St. Mary’s-Nyakahura-Gitugi<br /> (E540/E539/E538/D427)<br /> Murang’a 30 889,936,236.16 28/04/2006<br /> Bungoma-Bokoli-Kimilili<br /> (D279)<br /> Bungoma 27 812,228,860.17 1/2/2007<br /> 42 1,803,695,791.40 4/6/2007<br /> Isiolo-Merille (A2) Isiolo 136 4,875,409,271.00 4/9/2007<br /> Athi River-Namanga (A109) Kajiado 136 6,208,685,234.74 4/9/2007<br /> Emuhaya/<br /> Stand Khisa-Khumusalaba<br /> Butere &<br /> (C39)<br /> Mumias<br /> 25 743,717,065.45 7/8/2007<br /> Mariakani-Kilifi (C107) Kilifi 56 2,564,748,836.20 7/9/2007<br /> Emuhaya/<br /> Ebuyangu-Ekero (C33)<br /> 31 1,034,412,217.20 8/2/2007<br /> Butere<br /> Buret/<br /> Bomet-Litein (C24)<br /> 42 1,498,321,502.30 6/12/2007<br /> Bomet<br /> Ndumberi-Limuru (D409)/<br /> Nduota-Kigwaru (E1518)<br /> Kiambu 33.4 1,848,172,193.00 10/12/2007<br /> Farm-Kawiro-Kachilu (E817,<br /> E831,D486)<br /> Meru North 37.5 1,388,857,282.80 13/03/2007<br /> Mukurwe-ini-Gakonye (D429/<br /> E559/E554)<br /> Nyeri 30 1,113,073,375.50 13/03/2007<br /> Whispers-Runda Nairobi 2.5 272,546,292.00 13/03/2007<br /> 67 2,699,623,834.35 13/04/2007<br /> Makutano-Kikima-Tawa (D516/<br /> D517)<br /> Makueni 47 1,895,094,559.84 13/06/2007<br /> Dundori-Olkalou-Njabini(C69) Nyandarua 100 3,484,554,917.83 13/10/2007<br /> Karima-Kiandu-Nyeri (E540/<br /> E539/D427<br /> Nyeri South 13.7 519,839,616.00 8/11/2007<br /> Keroka-Nyangusu Phase II 40 1,885,694,927.73 30/11/2007<br /> Laikipia Airforce Base-Army<br /> Barracks-Mt Kenya Safari Laikipia 25 711,362,648.50 14/12/2007<br /> Lodge<br /> Rukenya-Forest-Rangers Post<br /> (E615/D456)<br /> Kirinyaga 18 743,824,800.00 16/04/2007<br /> Rongo-Homa Bay (C20)<br /> Migori/<br /> Homa Bay<br /> 39.5 1,109,958,232.20 17/12/2007<br /> Kagio-Baricho-Kerugoya-<br /> Kibirigwi (D455/D454)<br /> Kirinyaga 25 1,371,968,882.82 21/12/2007<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 599</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> Kenya Police<br /> Policemen were first recruited<br /> in 1887 to secure<br /> the Imperial British East<br /> Africa stores in Mombasa.<br /> In 1906, the Kenya<br /> Police was constituted<br /> and in 1911, a training<br /> depot and a fingerprint<br /> section were established.<br /> In 1926, the Criminal<br /> Intelligence Unit and the<br /> Railway Police Unit were<br /> established. In 1946, the<br /> police was placed under<br /> the Attorney-General<br /> and a new police training<br /> depot opened in Maseno.<br /> In 1948, the Kenya Police<br /> Reserve Emergency, a dog<br /> section and the General<br /> Service Unit were established,<br /> and the Police<br /> Airwing in 1949. In 1957,<br /> the police headquarters<br /> was opened. Since independence,<br /> smaller units<br /> have been formed.<br /> www.kenyapolice.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 406<br /> Secretary (Foreign Affairs Minister),<br /> Internal Security Cabinet Secretary<br /> (Internal Security Minister), the<br /> Attorney-General, the Chief of<br /> Kenya Defence Forces (Chief of<br /> Staff), the Director-General of the<br /> National Intelligence Service (NSIS<br /> Director-General) and the Inspector-General<br /> of the National Police<br /> Service (Commissioner of Police).<br /> The Council will have supervisory<br /> control over national security<br /> organs. The President will preside at<br /> meetings of the Council and it<br /> report annually to Parliament on the<br /> state of the security of Kenya.<br /> In the new Constitution, the<br /> police force will be renamed the<br /> National Police Service, comprising<br /> the Kenya Police Service and the<br /> Administration Police Service. It will<br /> be headed by an Inspector-General<br /> with two deputy Inspectors-General<br /> — one in charge of the police service<br /> and the other of the AP Service.<br /> The new law establishes the<br /> National Police Service Commission<br /> to recruit and appoint people to<br /> hold or act in positions in the force.<br /> It will also determine promotion<br /> and transfer and exercise disciplinary<br /> control.</div> <div>employee registered an increase<br /> of 4 per cent to Sh 378,349.6 per<br /> annum in 2009. The Government<br /> increased the statutory minimum<br /> wage rates by 20 per cent and 18 per<br /> cent for agriculture and other sectors,<br /> respectively.<br /> Performance contracting<br /> The use of performance contracts<br /> since 2004 has been acclaimed as<br /> an effective means of improving the<br /> output of public enterprises and<br /> Government departments.<br /> A performance contract is an<br /> agreement between the Government<br /> and a public agency, which<br /> establishes general goals for the<br /> organisation, sets targets for measuring<br /> performance and provides<br /> incentives for achieving the goals.<br /> Performance contracts are now<br /> considered an essential tool for<br /> enhancing good governance and<br /> accountability in the public sector.<br /> This will increase the efficiency of<br /> public enterprises and reduce further<br /> drain on the Treasury. In 2007,<br /> during the signing of performance<br /> contracts for permanent secretaries,<br /> President Kibaki emphasised the<br /> role the Economic Recovery Strategy<br /> for Wealth and Employment<br /> Creation as a blueprint for sustainable<br /> economic growth. The strategy<br /> stresses the need for efficient and<br /> transparent use of resources if the<br /> economic recovery is to work.<br /> Equally important is the need<br /> for timely implementation of<br /> development programmes and<br /> within agreed budgets. It is, therefore,<br /> important to build effective<br /> accountability systems within the<br /> Public Service, hence the need for<br /> performance contracts. Corporate<br /> governance practices are the cornerstones<br /> of management of public<br /> resources. And the following have<br /> been incorporated:<br /> • Introduction of ministerial strategic<br /> plans<br /> • Introduction of result-based<br /> management<br /> • Annual work plans for public servants<br /> • Performance contracts for permanent<br /> secretaries and chief<br /> executives of State corporations<br /> • Better and harmonised remuneration<br /> for public servants<br /> • Introduction of new recruitment<br /> and training policy<br /> • Enactment of the Public Officer<br /> and Ethics Act.<br /> Performance contracting ensures<br /> that the Government is accountable<br /> to the taxpayer. By signing the contracts,<br /> the parties concerned agree<br /> on mutual performance obligations,<br /> intentions, responsibilities and<br /> expectations in the delivery of quality<br /> services to the public.<br /> The Government also prepared<br /> a performance appraisal system<br /> that facilitates objective assessment<br /> of public servants. The results of<br /> performance contracts are made<br /> public every October. They enable<br /> the Government to recognise and<br /> reward success, and at the same<br /> time point out areas where per-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 455</div> <div>Economy, Security and Finance defence and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Kenya Police Reserve<br /> It was formed in 1948 to<br /> assist the regular police in<br /> the maintenance of law and<br /> order. Now, the KPR is only in<br /> rural areas, as the first line of<br /> defence against bandits and<br /> cattle raiders. In 2004, the<br /> Government disbanded KPR<br /> in urban areas because city<br /> units had become corrupt<br /> and unmanageable. In the<br /> beginning, Europeans were<br /> favoured with automatic promotion<br /> to Inspector rank.<br /> KPR members were the originators<br /> of the police airwing.<br /> Members donated aircraft to<br /> air-drop supplies to fight the<br /> Mau Mau.<br /> General Service Unit<br /> It is divided into 20 sub-units under<br /> a commandant. The units are called<br /> companies and named alphabetically from<br /> ‘A’ to ‘T’ with the exception of ‘P’ and ‘O’. There<br /> are four major companies in Nairobi and its<br /> environs: Headquarters at Ruaraka<br /> • GSU Training School in Embakasi<br /> • GSU Recce Company - Ruiru<br /> • GSU ‘G’ Company - State House. It has<br /> outposts in all State Houses and lodge<br /> • The other companies are distributed<br /> across the country depending on security<br /> needs.<br /> 410</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> It also has a prayer area for Muslims and<br /> Christians, tour agencies, aviation fuel uplift,<br /> exporters and importers’ warehousing, air<br /> charter, brokerage and cargo consolidation<br /> services, a VIP lounge, First Aid, ambulance<br /> and vaccination services and a dispensary.<br /> The airport has two facilities with a capacity<br /> to handle 1.2 million tonnes annually, and<br /> a cold storage capacity of 250 metric tonnes.<br /> The cargo facilities are Signon Freight Ltd<br /> and Cancen International.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 620<br /> Airkenya Express<br /> It is based at Wilson Airport,<br /> Nairobi. It operates<br /> domestic scheduled<br /> and charter services and<br /> scheduled flights to Tanzania.<br /> Airkenya Express<br /> started operations in<br /> 1987 after the merger<br /> of Air Kenya and Sunbird<br /> Aviation. Airkenya Aviation<br /> became Airkenya<br /> Express in 2007.<br /> Regional Air Services,<br /> Airkenya’s subsidiary<br /> company, is based in<br /> Arusha, Tanzania. Zanzibar<br /> and Dar es Salaam<br /> are served by the airline<br /> company’s scheduled<br /> services. Airkenya Express<br /> is e-ticket compliant<br /> and customers and<br /> agents can transact business<br /> with the company<br /> online.<br /> www.airkenya.com<br /> Kisumu Airport<br /> The airport is north-west of Kisumu town.<br /> The site is bordered to the west and south by<br /> Lake Victoria and on the eastern and northern<br /> sides by the main road to Uganda. .<br /> In 2009, a groundbreaking ceremony was<br /> held for the expansion and rehabilitation of<br /> Kisumu International Airport. As the fourth<br /> busiest airport in Kenya, it has expanded over<br /> the years to attract eight airlines up from two<br /> in 2005. Passenger numbers have also gone<br /> up from 70,000 in 2005 to 240,000 in 2008.<br /> These could reach 300,000 when the project<br /> is completed.<br /> The airport expansion project is a Sh3 billion<br /> ($37.5 million) investment which will<br /> improve services in the region. The scope<br /> of work includes renovating and extending<br /> the runway from two to three kilometres and<br /> widening it from 30 metres to 45 metres. New<br /> ground lighting and approach lights will be<br /> installed and the airport’s parking bays — the<br /> apron — will be extended by 40,000sq metres.<br /> A new airport terminal building will be<br /> built. The one-storey terminal building of<br /> about 3,000sq metres will be equipped with<br /> state-of-the-art baggage handling facilities<br /> complete with natural ventilation and lighting.</div> <div>Our History<br /> The Evil Empire<br /> In The Evil Empire,<br /> Steven A. Grasse<br /> exposes the secret history<br /> of England’s global<br /> misdeeds. He asks<br /> what few have dared<br /> to ask: Whose land<br /> grabbing ways put the<br /> Palestinians and Israelis<br /> at each other’s throats?<br /> Who invented machine<br /> guns, wage slavery and<br /> concentration camps?<br /> Who fed the Chinese<br /> with opium in the 1839-<br /> 1842 War? The closer<br /> you look at English<br /> history, the more you<br /> realise they are in no<br /> position to point fingers.<br /> It is an indictment.<br /> www.evilempirebook.com<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 12<br /> the Union Jack.<br /> Since then, Kenya has had successive<br /> three administrations — Jomo<br /> Kenyatta (1963-1978), Daniel Moi<br /> (1978-2002) and President Mwai<br /> Kibaki (2002- the present).<br /> For the first in Kenya’s history, a<br /> coalition government was formed in<br /> 2008 following an election dispute<br /> over the 2007 General Election<br /> results.<br /> Indeed, Kenya’s history is dramatic.<br /> Independence President<br /> Kenyatta called Kenya “a country<br /> on the run”. Louis Leakey, the<br /> famed archaeologist who broke<br /> new grounds in the study of human<br /> ancestry through his findings in Turkana<br /> and other parts of East Africa,<br /> called it “a land of contrast”. JF Lipscomb,<br /> pre-Independence colonial<br /> agricultural officer, called it a “land<br /> of the future”.<br /> Imperial British East Africa<br /> Company (IBEA)<br /> To the British, the East African<br /> Coast had stakes of “perhaps higher<br /> political importance than that of<br /> the West Coast” . It had a splendid<br /> coastline, had missionary bases and<br /> economic interests in the hinterland.<br /> Already, the Coast had Arab</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> exploit consumers.<br /> It also regulates market conduct by prohibiting<br /> price-fixing, cartels, market/territorial allocation,<br /> exclusive dealings and trade discrimination.<br /> The Commission also has the role of<br /> enforcing compliance. It follows up ministerial<br /> orders and consent agreements to ensure they<br /> are adhered to. This demands site visits and<br /> industry studies.<br /> The Commission advises the Government<br /> on domestic, regional and international trade<br /> competition.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 228<br /> Budgetary supplies<br /> The Budget Supply<br /> Department at Treasury is<br /> headed by the Director of<br /> Budget. It prepares annual<br /> estimates of revenues<br /> and expenditures (Budget)<br /> read in Parliament<br /> every year. It also prepares<br /> Supplementary Estimates.<br /> Its functions are to:<br /> Develop priorities for<br /> allocation of public<br /> expenditure<br /> Enforce efficient use of<br /> budgetary resources.<br /> Ensure allocation of resources<br /> is consistent with<br /> Government policy<br /> Reforms introduced over<br /> the years are:<br /> Programme Review and<br /> Forward Budget.<br /> Budget Rationalisation<br /> Public Investment Programme<br /> www.treasury.go.ke<br /> Government Clearing Agency<br /> It is one of the oldest Government departments,<br /> having been set up as early as 1907<br /> as the Government Coast Agency. In 1955 a<br /> revolving fund, Coast Agency Clearing Fund,<br /> was established to cater for booking of passages<br /> of Government officers, clearing and forwarding<br /> of their personal effects and other vital<br /> items for the colonial government.<br /> The operations of the department are to<br /> clear, forward and facilitate warehousing of<br /> Government and parastatals’ goods arriving<br /> into or leaving the country.<br /> Ministry of Planning<br /> Its core functions are the coordination of Government<br /> economic policies, including regional<br /> and international cooperation policies. It also<br /> coordinates and prepares the planning components<br /> of the Medium Term Expenditure<br /> Framework (MTEF), the Fiscal Strategy Paper<br /> and requisite budget documents.<br /> The ministry also provides leadership and<br /> coordination in the preparation of the National<br /> Development Plan documents, including<br /> District Development Plans and specific socioeconomic<br /> programmes and plans.<br /> Another key functions of the ministry is to<br /> coordinate and manage population, economic</div> <div>Northern Kenya and regional development<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 942</div> <div>and stakeholder involvement. <br /> This is implemented through<br /> regional offices based on catchment<br /> areas. They are helped by Catchment<br /> Area Advisory Committees. At the<br /> grassroots, stakeholder engagement<br /> is through Water Resource User<br /> Associations.<br /> 2010 Nile pact<br /> The new agreement<br /> by Ethiopia, Kenya,<br /> Rwanda, Tanzania and<br /> Uganda is more favourable<br /> to their interests.<br /> The upstream countries<br /> want to be able to<br /> implement irrigation<br /> and hydro-power projects<br /> in consultation with<br /> Egypt and Sudan. But<br /> this should be without<br /> Egypt exercising the<br /> veto power it was given<br /> by the 1929 colonial-era<br /> treaty with Britain.<br /> The new agreement, the<br /> Nile Basin Cooperative<br /> Framework, is to replace<br /> a 1959 accord between<br /> Egypt and Sudan that<br /> gave them control of<br /> more than 90 per cent<br /> of the water flow. The<br /> Nile Basin Initiative,<br /> which spearheaded the<br /> talks, will become the<br /> Nile Basin Commission<br /> and will receive,<br /> review and approve or<br /> reject projects related<br /> to Africa’s longest river.<br /> The commission will be<br /> based in Addis Ababa,<br /> Ethiopia’s capital, and<br /> have representation<br /> from the nine Nile Basin<br /> countries.<br /> english.aljazeera.net<br /> Water Services Regulatory Board<br /> It is a non-commercial State corporation<br /> established in March 2003 as<br /> part of reforms in the water sector.<br /> Its mandate is to:<br /> • Oversee the implementation of<br /> policies and strategies on provision<br /> of water and sewerage<br /> services<br /> • Set rules and enforces standards<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 531</div> <div>is represented by a partial skeleton.<br /> Homo erectus and homo habilis<br /> Another find in 2000 is a homo erectus<br /> skull at Ileret east of Lake Turkana<br /> and dated 1.56 million years<br /> old. A jawbone attributed to homo<br /> habilis was also found in the same<br /> area. These are clear indications<br /> that the two species co-existed for<br /> about 500,000 years. This contrasts<br /> with the long-held belief that homo<br /> erectus evolved from homo habilis 6 .<br /> Flat-faced man<br /> Although the early discoveries are<br /> important in human evolution,<br /> other recent finds have significantly<br /> enhanced knowledge of the evolutionary<br /> history of early humans.<br /> Some of the most recent and<br /> important finds include the skull<br /> of Kenyanthropus platyops. Popularly<br /> known as the ‘Flat-Faced Man<br /> from Kenya’, the skull was found at<br /> Lomekwi in northern Kenya by a<br /> team led by Meave Leakey (1998-<br /> 1999). It is dated about 3.5 million<br /> years ago. The fossil is similar in a<br /> number of aspects to Austrapithecus<br /> afarensis from Ethiopia, which<br /> Lake Turkana<br /> Though fossil evidence is not<br /> restricted to the Lake Turkana<br /> region and extends to other areas<br /> along the Rift Valley, scientists<br /> believe that the area surrounding<br /> the lake was populated because<br /> it had lush green, was wetter and<br /> inhabited by wildlife — factors<br /> that may have attracted the early<br /> humans. All manner of wildlife,<br /> including elephants, hippos, rhino<br /> and buffaloes, lived there.<br /> Man, chimps and gorilla<br /> In the volcanic mudflow deposits on<br /> the eastern shoulder of the central<br /> Rift Valley in Nakali, about 40km<br /> from Maralal town, a fossil jaw of<br /> Nakalipithecus Nakayamai, which<br /> is about 10 million years old, was<br /> recovered in 2006.<br /> According to scientists, the fossil<br /> was probably the last link between<br /> humans (the way we know them<br /> today) and gorillas and chimpanzees,<br /> and gives an insight into<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 7</div> <div>Economy, Land and its Finance people and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 58<br /> Kenya’s longest river<br /> The 708km Tana<br /> River originates in the<br /> Aberdare and Mt Kenya<br /> and flows to the Indian<br /> Ocean. Initially, it runs<br /> east before turning<br /> south round Mt Kenya.<br /> The river then turns into<br /> the Masinga Reservoir<br /> and the Kiambere<br /> Reservoir created by the<br /> Kindaruma Dam. Below<br /> the dam, the river turns<br /> north and flows the<br /> north-south boundary<br /> between Meru and<br /> North Kitui and Bisanadi,<br /> Kora and Rabole<br /> national reserves. In the<br /> reserves, the river turns<br /> east, and then southeast.<br /> It passes through<br /> Garissa, Hola and Garsen<br /> towns and then enters<br /> the Indian Ocean at Ungwana<br /> Bay.<br /> www.britannica.com/<br /> Tana River<br /> Lakes<br /> Lake Victoria<br /> It is in western Kenya and the largest freshwater<br /> lake on the continent that supports<br /> a major fishing industry in the East African<br /> region. It is the second largest fresh water<br /> mass in the world and shared with Uganda<br /> and Tanzania. It covers 68,000 sq km.<br /> Lake Naivasha<br /> At more than 2,000m above seal level, it is<br /> popular for fishing and boating. It has a few<br /> hippos, but no crocodiles. It is renowned<br /> for numerous bird species such as marabou<br /> storks, doves and fish eagles. The lake is only<br /> an hour’s drive from Nairobi and near Mt<br /> Longonot. It is the only freshwater body mass<br /> in the Rift Valley and has a thriving fishing<br /> industry.<br /> Lake Turkana<br /> It has saline water and borders Ethiopia. It<br /> is 320sq km, the most spectacular of Africa’s<br /> lakes. Commonly referred to as the Jade Sea<br /> due to its electric blue-green colour, the lake<br /> is surrounded by dry desert and hills. Economic<br /> activities around the lake include fishing<br /> and tourism. It also provides water to the<br /> Turkana and Pokot pastoralist communities.<br /> Lake Nakuru<br /> Situated on the floor of the Rift Valley, it is surrounded<br /> by a beautiful national park of acacia<br /> forest. It is a World Heritage Site famous<br /> for its more than one million pink flamingo<br /> population. It is also home to more than 450<br /> bird species and wildlife, including the leopard,<br /> waterbuck, impala, eland, Rothschild’s<br /> giraffe, black rhino, zebra and ostrich. The<br /> park is also renowned for big pythons.</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 32<br /> (Finance and National Development).<br /> Kenyatta toured the country in one truck<br /> with Mboya, Odinga and Joseph Murumbi.<br /> The message was clear: Kenya is one despite<br /> cultural and ethnic differences.<br /> Independence<br /> On December 12, 1963, after 43 years as a<br /> colony and many more under subjugation<br /> at the hands of colonialists, the Union Jack<br /> (British flag) was lowered and replaced by<br /> the true Kenyan flag. A new national anthem,<br /> based on a Pokomo tune, was played to the<br /> ecstatic crowd.<br /> Music greats, Miriam Makeba of South</div> <div>Art, and Culture Culture and Religion<br /> Fadhili William<br /> Born in 1938, he was a<br /> musician and composer<br /> most famous for his song<br /> Malaika, (Angel) which he<br /> recorded with his band<br /> The Jambo Boys in 1963.<br /> He started singing while<br /> in primary school in Taita.<br /> He went to Government<br /> African School in<br /> Pumwani, Nairobi. He<br /> dropped out in Form<br /> Three at Shimo la Tewa<br /> School where he had<br /> transferred to pursue a<br /> music career. At Pumwani,<br /> he had fallen in love with<br /> a girl for whom he composed<br /> Malaika to console<br /> her when she was given<br /> away to an old man. He<br /> died in 2001.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 114<br /> has been approved and will be<br /> launched soon. The policy will<br /> streamline the activities in the sector.<br /> Visual art and craft<br /> Kenya’s cultural heritage, scenic<br /> beauty and abundant wildlife<br /> inspire and provide material for<br /> visual artists — painters, photographers,<br /> sculptors, wood and stone<br /> carvers and skilled craftsmen.<br /> Visual arts are largely confined to<br /> the mass production of wood sculpture<br /> and Maasai beadwork. Elimo<br /> Njau, Etale Sukuro and Kivuthi<br /> Mbuno are noted Kenyan artists<br /> employing several media.<br /> Soapstone carving<br /> Kisii soapstone carvers are famous<br /> the world over. The rare stones are<br /> only found in Tabaka in Kisii. Traditionally,<br /> men dig the soapstone<br /> and carve the products in various<br /> shapes, size and designs. The women’s<br /> part involves polishing and<br /> washing finished products as well<br /> as applying wax cream, popularly<br /> known as cobra wax.<br /> The Kisii Soapstone Carvers Cooperative<br /> Society was formed in 1980<br /> to market products for members.<br /> The products are sold in markets<br /> in New Zealand, France, Canada,<br /> the UK, Holland, the US, Japan and<br /> Australia.</div> <div>spray paint, fabric protector and air<br /> conditioner fluid (freon), among<br /> others.<br /> Within seconds of inhalation,<br /> the user experiences intoxication<br /> similar to that produced by<br /> alcohol. Alcohol-like effects may<br /> include slurred speech, inability to<br /> coordinate movement, dizziness,<br /> confusion and delirium, nausea and<br /> vomiting.<br /> Compulsive use and a mild withdrawal<br /> syndrome can occur with<br /> long-term abuse.<br /> Additional symptoms exhibited<br /> by long-term inhalant abusers<br /> include weight loss, muscle weakness,<br /> disorientation, inattentiveness,<br /> lack of coordination, irritability and<br /> depression.<br /> Heroin<br /> Also known as diamorphine, it<br /> is synthesised from morphine, a<br /> derivative of the opium poppy.<br /> Heroin is used as a pain-killer and<br /> as a recreational drug and has high<br /> potential for abuse. Frequent and<br /> regular administration is associated<br /> with tolerance, moderate physical<br /> dependence and severe psychological<br /> dependence.<br /> One of the most common meth-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 445</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> • Ministry of Tourism<br /> • National Authorising Officer, Ministry of<br /> Finance<br /> • Delegation of the European Commission<br /> in Kenya Wildlife/Landowners<br /> Forum<br /> • Group Ranches Associations<br /> • Kenya Tourism Federation<br /> • Tourism NGOs<br /> • Each group nominates a trustee and an<br /> alternate trustee<br /> TTF has funded 48 projects, covering communities<br /> and the varied facets of Kenyan<br /> tourism. The projects are in diverse locations.<br /> Every project has a story of overcoming<br /> challenges to benefit communities and the<br /> nation.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1034<br /> Sekenani Camp<br /> Funded by TTF and the EU, the camp hosts a<br /> community project, which aims to improve<br /> the quality of life for the Maasai people living<br /> near the reserve. It builds infrastructure for<br /> health, education, veterinary services and<br /> clean water supply.<br /> The project office is at the reception area of<br /> the camp. The camp is operated in conjunction<br /> with 26 Maasai families who have shares<br /> in the business. It is the logistical centre for a<br /> community development. Sekenani Camp<br /> is on the boundary of the Masai Mara Game<br /> Reserve in southern Kenya. The Mara is the<br /> most popular of Kenya’s wildlife parks. Comprising<br /> 15 well-designed tents, it is the smallest<br /> permanent tented camp in the reserve.<br /> It has a magnificent setting and excellent<br /> cuisine. The camp is built at the source of the<br /> Sekenani River, which rises from a rock pool<br /> at the east end and forms the stream, which<br /> flows in front of each tent. The tents are large<br /> and on platforms. Each is secluded and set in<br /> Second Utalii College<br /> A second public tourism<br /> college is on the<br /> cards. In 2009, the<br /> Government set aside<br /> Sh460 million ($5.75<br /> million) and acquired 60<br /> acres at Vipingo in Coast<br /> Province. The college will<br /> be located in a region<br /> that accounts for more<br /> than 60 per cent of local<br /> tourism.<br /> http://allafrica.com</div> <div>three to four years.<br /> Harvested flower heads are sun-dried and<br /> delivered through rural co-operatives to the<br /> centrally located factory of the Pyrethrum<br /> Board of Kenya (PBK). Farmers are paid<br /> according to the weight and content of their<br /> harvests.<br /> Pyrethrum Board of Kenya (PBK)<br /> It was established in 1934 to oversee the production<br /> and processing of pyrethrum for the<br /> benefit of growers and consumers. By 1945,<br /> Kenya had become a major source of pyrethrum,<br /> accounting for more than 65 per cent<br /> of the global supply, a high the country has<br /> steadfastly maintained to date.<br /> The Board serves local and international<br /> clients: Distributors, manufacturers and<br /> product consumers. Reforms in the industry<br /> aim at increasing the area under pyrethrum<br /> from 4,084 hectares to 8,000 hectares by June<br /> 2010. Similarly, production will increase from<br /> K EK NE YN A Y A Y EY AE RA BR OB O K O K 2 02 0 91 0<br /> 317</div> <div>the country should have well-trained<br /> manpower in plant protection.<br /> The staff should be competent to:<br /> • Research in plant protection.<br /> • Run private businesses in plant<br /> protection.<br /> • Implement plant protection<br /> programmes as advisors, administrators,<br /> extension specialists and<br /> trainers.<br /> Farmers in Kenya must acquire new<br /> knowledge, skills and tools that help<br /> meet the challenges that face agriculture<br /> without excessive reliance<br /> on agrochemicals and single crop<br /> varieties. Multi-disciplinary teams<br /> have developed effective strategies<br /> for halting major outbreaks of crop<br /> diseases.<br /> of food crops. It is supported by<br /> World Food Programme (WFP).<br /> Eastern Province is the focus<br /> of P4P. Crops such as sorghum,<br /> millet, green grams, cowpeas and<br /> pigeon peas will be bought from<br /> smallholder farmers’ groups and<br /> distributed to schools and nearby<br /> districts.<br /> Pest and disease control<br /> Crop damage and losses caused by<br /> insect pests, diseases and weeds<br /> contribute to the decline of yields<br /> especially in smallholder farms.<br /> It has thus become imperative that<br /> Fighting drought<br /> The long rains expected in March,<br /> April and May 2009 season were<br /> inadequate in most parts of the country.<br /> Except for the western highlands,<br /> Lake Basin and parts of central Rift<br /> Valley, chances of crop rejuvenation<br /> are low.<br /> Rift Valley Province may harvest<br /> 11.2 million bags in the long<br /> rainy season, down from earlier<br /> projections of 13.5 million bags. This<br /> is a 44 per cent reduction compared<br /> to 20 million bags harvested in the<br /> province in good seasons. In some<br /> parts of the province, farmers have<br /> replanted twice or three times.<br /> The Government estimated that<br /> 20.4 million bags of maize were<br /> harvested in 2008, 70 per cent of<br /> 28 million bags expected. Stocks of<br /> K EK NE YN A Y A Y EY AE RA BR OB O K O K 2 02 0 91 0<br /> 297</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1016<br /> Medical tourism<br /> Kenya has many geothermal<br /> springs whose<br /> mineral contents have<br /> the potential for the<br /> development of health<br /> spas to serve as curative<br /> centres and tourist<br /> attractions. The project,<br /> Developing Health Spas,<br /> aims at using the abundant<br /> geothermal mineral<br /> water springs in the<br /> Rift Valley and western<br /> Kenya for the development<br /> of quality health<br /> spas. The most significant<br /> hot water springs<br /> are found in:<br /> • Around Lakes Bogoria<br /> and Baringo. The two are<br /> 345km from Nairobi and<br /> are in game parks.<br /> • Around Lake Turkana<br /> at the Kenya-Ethiopia-<br /> Sudan border.<br /> • Olkaria and Eburu near<br /> Lake Nakuru, famous for<br /> flamingos.<br /> • Simbi on the shores of<br /> Lake Victoria and close<br /> to the renowned Masai<br /> Mara Game Reserve<br /> It is expected that clients<br /> will be local and<br /> foreign visiting the<br /> locations for attractions<br /> such as yachting, game<br /> watching and cultural<br /> activities.<br /> www.tradeinvestkenya.com<br /> ensures the protection of wildlife. Community<br /> members are employed and trained in<br /> the projects and get wages, development<br /> funds and involvement in spin-off enterprises.<br /> The community-based tourism concept<br /> is taking root and the Government has<br /> recognised the need to harness the product<br /> and market it in a more cohesive and systematic<br /> manner.<br /> Preservation of the environment that supports<br /> tourism activities is not just for the benefit<br /> of foreign visitors. Eco-tourism involves<br /> more than preservation of wildlife for visitors.<br /> It also means protecting the country’s<br /> resources for the benefit of its people and<br /> wildlife.<br /> Eco-tourism and community wildlife and<br /> conservation ventures offer visitors rewarding<br /> wildlife experiences that give them the<br /> opportunity to enjoy and appreciate Kenya’s<br /> wildlife.<br /> Productive eco-tourism envisages a<br /> practice that has no negative impact on ecosystems,<br /> and which contributes to the preservation<br /> of the environment.<br /> Kenya’s dedication to eco-values sets it<br /> apart as a country that values eco-tourism.<br /> Performance is gauged through the ‘eco-ratings’<br /> scheme — a project of the Eco-Tourism<br /> Society of Kenya. This pioneer scheme<br /> accords hotels, lodges and camps the opportunity<br /> to apply for a special rating, which rates<br /> their level of eco-friendliness.<br /> Community-based tourism and eco-tourism<br /> are growing globally. They account for<br /> five per cent of the global tourism market and<br /> growing at a rate of 20-30 per cent a year.<br /> Tourism week<br /> The Kenya Tourism Week is held in the third<br /> week of September. During the celebrations,</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 588<br /> The responsibility for law enforcement<br /> falls under the police. The<br /> Axle Load Enforcement Unit provides<br /> technical support — setting<br /> up, operation and maintenance of<br /> weighbridge stations . The challenges<br /> in axle load operations are:<br /> ■ Perceived corruption and inefficiency<br /> at weighbridges<br /> ■ Delays as weighing systems are<br /> manual<br /> ■ Poor condition of roads and<br /> holding yards<br /> ■ Not all vehicles are weighed<br /> ■ Identification of offenders is<br /> problematic as vehicle register<br /> details are not available<br /> Weighbridges<br /> Mariakani and Athi River weighbridges<br /> will be upgraded to full traffic<br /> control centres under the World<br /> Bank-funded Eastern African Trade<br /> and Transport Facilitation Project<br /> at Sh1 billion ($12.5 million). This<br /> will include installation of weigh in<br /> motion facilities on both sides of<br /> the road. Tender documents for the<br /> design and build contract have been<br /> forwarded to the World Bank.<br /> The Gilgil weighbridge is being<br /> upgraded under the EU-funded<br /> Maai Mahiu-Naivasha-Lanet road<br /> project. The Government proposes<br /> to upgrade Eldoret, Webuye and<br /> Malaba weighbridges under the</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> The fish depend on organic matter<br /> suspended in water. This system<br /> has not been well documented,<br /> but it is estimated that production<br /> ranges between 500 and 1,500kg a<br /> year, contributing to 10 per cent or<br /> more of the aquaculture production<br /> in Kenya.<br /> Semi-intensive systems, mostly<br /> producing tilapia, are the major<br /> contributors to aquaculture, with<br /> average production of about three<br /> tonnes contributing more than 70<br /> per cent of aquaculture production.<br /> Earthen ponds and cages are used<br /> as holding units for fish culture. The<br /> ponds are fertilised using chemicals<br /> and organic fertiliser. Feeding<br /> using cereal bran and other feed<br /> supplements pond productivity.<br /> Poly-culture of Oreochromis<br /> niloticus, Clarias gariepinus and<br /> Cyprinus carpio is prasticed with<br /> various combinations of species.<br /> Production in these systems ranges<br /> between 1,000 and 2,500kg a year.<br /> Intensive aquaculture is largely<br /> used for trout production. This<br /> has supported tourism as it is<br /> considered a luxury and is supplied<br /> to hotels catering for tourists. The<br /> contribution of this fish is therefore<br /> higher in monetary value than by<br /> weight.<br /> Hyper-intensive tilapia culture<br /> has begun through cage culture.<br /> This will soon contribute to as much<br /> as 90 per cent of farmed fish in<br /> Kenya.<br /> References<br /> • Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2009.<br /> Economic Survey Government Printer,<br /> Nairobi<br /> • Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2010.<br /> Economic Survey Government Printer,<br /> Nairobi<br /> • Government of Kenya, 2003. Economic<br /> Recovery Strategy for Wealth and Employment<br /> Creation, Government Printer, Nairobi<br /> • Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey<br /> • www.teaboard.or.ke<br /> • www.teauction.com<br /> • www.coffeeboardkenya.org<br /> • www.crf.co.ke<br /> • www.ncpb.co.ke<br /> • www.epzakenya.com<br /> • www.kenyaflowercouncil.org<br /> • www.mbendi.com<br /> • www.leathermag.com<br /> • www.allpro.go.ke<br /> • www.fao.org<br /> • www.livestock.go.ke<br /> • www.kcc.<br /> • www.kenyameat.co.ke<br /> 334</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 572<br /> Adopted streets are administrated<br /> by the council in charge. A council<br /> can declare a street adopted if it or a<br /> part has been levelled, paved, metalled,<br /> kerbed, channelled, lighted,<br /> sewered and drained or otherwise<br /> constructed to the satisfaction of the<br /> council, and in conformity with the<br /> Streets Adoption Act.<br /> Urban roads carry higher traffic<br /> volumes than rural roads and are<br /> required to provide a higher level<br /> of service. This entails incorporation<br /> of features such as multi-lane<br /> roads (dual carriageways) and high<br /> capacity junctions (traffic lights,<br /> flyovers and interchanges). Urban<br /> roads also traverse areas with large<br /> populations and require facilities for<br /> non-motorised traffic (cycle tracks<br /> and footpaths) and other pedestrian-friendly<br /> features such as kerbs,<br /> underground drainage and street<br /> lighting. As a result, urban roads are<br /> usually more expensive to build and<br /> maintain than rural roads.<br /> Special purpose roads<br /> They include roads within national<br /> parks and game reserves. Forest<br /> and security roads are managed by<br /> various Government agencies such<br /> as Kenya Wildlife Service and the<br /> Kenya Forest Service.<br /> Government efforts in the last six<br /> years has ensured that 65 per cent<br /> of the classified road system is in<br /> good condition and maintainable.<br /> There is a substantial rehabilitation<br /> and upgrading backlog, estimated<br /> at Sh180 billion, to raise the road<br /> network to maintainable standards.<br /> Lack of funds has also held up the<br /> upgrading of several important<br /> roads. Ongoing major road rehabilitation<br /> and construction projects are<br /> worth Sh116 billion ($1.6 billion).<br /> Current status<br /> In 2009-2010, 715km of new roads<br /> were constructed, 1,112km reha-</div> <div>Northern Kenya and regional development<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 944<br /> The arid north<br /> North-Eastern Province,<br /> formerly known as<br /> Northern Frontier<br /> District, is Kenya’s third<br /> largest region. Add Isiolo,<br /> Marsabit and Moyale districts<br /> (in Upper Eastern<br /> Province) and Turkana in<br /> the Rift Valley, and the<br /> region is 50 per cent of<br /> the country’s land mass.<br /> The region is perceived<br /> as unsafe, devoid of<br /> water and where illiteracy<br /> and hardship<br /> reign supreme. But the<br /> reality is different — it<br /> is a land of spirited and<br /> cultured people and<br /> untapped resources of<br /> nature and people.<br /> www.thegcg.org<br /> Arid lands management<br /> The ministry was not created in a vacuum.<br /> It foundation is the Arid Lands Resource<br /> Management Programme, which has been<br /> funded by the World Bank for 12 years. The<br /> programme has since been upgraded into a<br /> department.<br /> The new ministry is a ray of hope for residents.<br /> Several projects have been lined up for<br /> the region. Before the creation of the ministry,<br /> the Government started the Interim Poverty<br /> Reduction Strategy, which became the<br /> Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth and<br /> Employment Creation (ERS) between 2003<br /> and 2007.<br /> Implementation of ERS ended in 2008 with<br /> excellent results: The economy in the arid<br /> and semi-arid areas shot up from 0.6 per cent<br /> in 2002 to 6.3 per cent in 2007. Growth in</div> <div>Africa and Harry Belafonte of US,<br /> entertained guests. On the day,<br /> Kenya gained full independence.<br /> Kenyatta coined Harambee (lets<br /> pull together) and then Uhuru na<br /> Kazi (Freedom and Hard Work)<br /> to rally the people around nationbuilding.<br /> One party<br /> KANU, which formed the government,<br /> was later joined by KADU<br /> when the opposition party dissolved<br /> itself voluntarily in November<br /> 1964. A year after independence, in<br /> December 1964, Kenya became a<br /> republic and ceased being a dominion<br /> of the Queen England. Kenyatta<br /> thus graduated from a prime minister<br /> whose Head of State was the<br /> Queen to a President only answerable<br /> to the people of Kenya. He then<br /> appointed Odinga Vice-President.<br /> Independence and after<br /> The Kenyatta Government got<br /> down to work with gusto: Land<br /> resettlement, Kenyanisation of<br /> the economy, expanding schools,<br /> hospitals and infrastructure, and<br /> establishing Kenya as a strong voice<br /> in Africa and the world.<br /> The foundation of the Kenyan<br /> nation was laid during Kenyatta’s<br /> reign. Many current institutions —<br /> parastatals, local banks, colleges,<br /> schools and cooperatives, among<br /> others — were set up at the time.<br /> Moi at the helm<br /> Kenyatta died on August 22,<br /> 1978 and buried nine days later<br /> on August 31. The transition was<br /> smooth and Vice-President Moi<br /> took over as the Constitution<br /> decrees. He pledged to continue in<br /> Kenyatta’s footsteps and was at the<br /> helm for 24 years, between 1978<br /> and 2002.<br /> During the period, more gains<br /> were made in education, health and<br /> other spheres of life. For example,<br /> it was during Moi’s reign that more<br /> universities were built. Kenya had<br /> had one university, Nairobi, since<br /> independence.<br /> But in 1984, a second university,<br /> Moi, opened its doors to students. In<br /> 1985, Kenyatta University College,<br /> a constituent of the University of<br /> Nairobi, became a full-fledged institution.<br /> It was followed by Egerton,<br /> Maseno and Jomo Kenyatta universities,<br /> which were upgraded from<br /> college status.<br /> In 1985, the Government also<br /> changed the education system<br /> structure from the 7-4-2-3 to 8-4-4 to<br /> meet emerging challenges. The system<br /> has undergone many reforms<br /> since.<br /> In the health sector, Nyayo Wards<br /> were the hallmark of the expansion<br /> of facilities. These made health services<br /> more accessible to the people.<br /> Multi-partyism<br /> Kenya was a multi-party democracy<br /> in law before independence and<br /> up to 1969 when Odinga’s Kenya<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 33</div> <div>Education<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Education commissions<br /> Ominde Report 1964 — it<br /> sought to reform colonial<br /> education. It proposed one<br /> that would foster unity and<br /> create human resources for<br /> national development.<br /> Gachathi Report 1976<br /> — redefined policies and<br /> emphasised national unity<br /> and socio-economic and<br /> cultural aspirations of Kenya.<br /> Mackay Report 1981 —<br /> removed A-level education<br /> and established Moi<br /> University, 8-4-4 and<br /> Commission for Higher<br /> Education.<br /> Kamunge Report 1988<br /> — focused on education<br /> financing, quality and<br /> relevance. This led to costsharing.<br /> Koech Report 1999 —<br /> proposed Totally Integrated<br /> Quality Education and<br /> Training. The Government<br /> did not adopt it, but some<br /> proposals have been.<br /> www.enable.nu/kenya<br /> education<br /> Teachers Service Commission (TSC)<br /> The Teachers Service Commission was established<br /> in 1967 after a clamour by teachers for<br /> an umbrella agency for their employment and<br /> recruitment. TSC is mandated to maintain<br /> teaching standards in public educational institutions<br /> in addition to providing other services<br /> such as registration, promotion, discipline,<br /> recruitment, remuneration and deployment.<br /> It has authority to delegate powers to provincial<br /> and district education officers.<br /> At its inception, the TSC secretariat had<br /> only 100 staff members. The number has<br /> risen to more than 2,000 employees in three<br /> major departments —administration, finance<br /> and staffing and human resource management<br /> development.<br /> Now TSC has been transformed from a<br /> staffing division of the Ministry of Education<br /> to a professional recruitment and employment<br /> organisation serving 243,000 teachers.<br /> Kenya Institute of Education (KIE)<br /> The organisation’s mandate is to conduct<br /> educational research and prepare curriculum<br /> and syllabuses for pre-school education, primary<br /> education, secondary education, technical<br /> and vocational education, special education,<br /> teacher education, business education,<br /> adult and continuing education.<br /> KIE was started in 1964 to co-ordinate<br /> teacher education. In 1968, it was merged<br /> with the Curriculum Development and<br /> Research Centre and given legal basis through<br /> the Education Act. In recent years, KIE has<br /> worked closely with the United Nations Educational<br /> Scientific and Cultural Organisation<br /> in evaluating school effectiveness and quality<br /> of education in southern and East Africa.<br /> 366</div> <div>Stove that saves fuel,<br /> reduces cooking time<br /> The Kenya Energy and<br /> Environment Organisations<br /> has developed an energy<br /> efficient jiko. The stove uses<br /> up to 50 per cent less fuel.<br /> It reduces the fuel cost and<br /> cooking time. Because of its<br /> shape, the stove’s heat is<br /> directed only to the desired<br /> location, right under the<br /> cooking pot. The ceramic<br /> jiko lasts 30 months. Since<br /> the new stove costs slightly<br /> more than the traditional<br /> one, there is a need to educate<br /> people on the savings<br /> in fuel costs.<br /> http://ces.iisc.ernet.in<br /> and constructing additional feeders and<br /> sub-stations. Non-technical improvements<br /> include introduction of electronic meters,<br /> improving meter reading accuracy, fraud<br /> control and resolution of billing anomalies.<br /> Electricity is second to petroleum in commercial<br /> fuel needs. Hydropower generation<br /> has ranged between 35 per cent and 75 per<br /> cent due to poor rainfall. Thermal energy<br /> sources have been used to make up for the<br /> shortfall, varying from 16 per cent to 33 per<br /> cent of the mix.<br /> The KPLC has more than 1.2 million customers.<br /> The generation capacity has been<br /> enhanced with more generation projects<br /> with a combined capacity of 556 MW. Some<br /> projects are 60 MW Sondu Miriu plant, and<br /> an additional 52.2 MW from Iberafrica Power<br /> and 25 MW from Mumias Sugar Company.<br /> Kenya has a potential for generating biomass<br /> electricity from agricultural waste like<br /> sugar cane (bagasse), sisal, timber (saw dust)<br /> and meat industries. The country also has a<br /> potential for developing small-scale hydropower<br /> for remote off grid areas, estimated<br /> at 3,000 MW. Currently, medium-size wind<br /> generators operate in Marsabit town and<br /> Ngong Hills.<br /> Though Kenya has diverse sources of electricity,<br /> the bulk consumed still comes from<br /> geothermal and hydro generation. Hydropower<br /> accounts for nearly 60 per cent of the<br /> electricity generated, mainly from the five<br /> plants on the River Tana basin — Kindaruma,<br /> Kamburu, Gitaru, Masinga and Kiambere,<br /> with an installed capacity of more than 400<br /> MW.<br /> The Turkwel Gorge power station in northwestern<br /> Kenya produces 106 MW. Small<br /> hydro-stations such as Mesco, Ndula, Wanjii,<br /> Tana, Gogo Falls and Selby Falls — all built<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0 / 1 1<br /> 671</div> <div>rock art. TARA is working with the<br /> National Museums of Kenya to<br /> develop rock art awareness and<br /> conservation. Kakapel near Mt<br /> Elgon is a recently restored rock art<br /> site. Another is Mfangano Island in<br /> Lake Victoria.<br /> Rock Art<br /> Engravings and paintings on stone<br /> are found throughout Africa and is<br /> an important element of cultural<br /> heritage. In Kenya, rock art sites<br /> are near Lake Turkana. They have<br /> varieties of painting and engraving<br /> styles that go back 7,000 years.<br /> Kenyan rock art is a potential tourism<br /> resource for local communities<br /> and the country. However, it is not<br /> well-known in the country, and this<br /> is dangerous because it exposes the<br /> sites to vandalism, theft and negligence.<br /> Trust Africa Rock Art (TARA), an<br /> international organisation based<br /> in Kenya, plans to develop a permanent<br /> visual archive of Africa’s<br /> Craft<br /> The craft business contributes<br /> about Sh6 billion to the economy<br /> and has created many jobs for rural<br /> women and the urban poor. Most<br /> of the craft in the market includes<br /> sculptures, wood carvings, jewelry,<br /> soapstone, and shields, which depict<br /> the traditional facet of Kenyans. The<br /> most popular markets include Maasai<br /> and City markets in Nairobi.<br /> The Maasai Market is a modern<br /> display of an indigenous people’s<br /> culture. It sells African artefacts and<br /> has become a convergence zone for<br /> various kinds of people, including<br /> tourists, in search of ‘authentic’ African<br /> souvenirs. The market is open<br /> several days a week at differencr<br /> locations in Nairobi.<br /> The sector has attracted private<br /> individuals to open up shop in various<br /> towns, mostly tourist destinations.<br /> The Maasai sculpture is one<br /> of the most famous art works that<br /> depicts the culture of the community.<br /> The Maasai Market Empowerment<br /> Trust (MMET), an NGO for<br /> artisans at the Maasai Market and<br /> other parts of the country, seeks<br /> to inform, educate and empower<br /> artisans and handicraft makers on<br /> intellectual property and protect<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 121</div> <div>Ferry services<br /> The Government, through the<br /> Kenya Ferry Services Ltd, provides<br /> services across the Likoni Channel<br /> at Likoni and Mtongwe. The<br /> Government is keen to ensure that<br /> quality ferry services are provided to<br /> facilitate rapid and safe movement<br /> of passengers and freight.<br /> Two new ferries — mv Likoni and<br /> mv Kwale — have been bought at<br /> Sh1.3 billion ($16.25 million). They<br /> arrived at the port in June 2010 and<br /> will reduce passenger and vehicle<br /> congestion at the Likoni Channel.<br /> Ferry services have been offered<br /> at Likoni since 1937, and have<br /> played a pivotal role in linking the<br /> island to the mainland south of<br /> Mombasa. It offers the only infrastructural<br /> lifeline between the two<br /> areas. It is the backbone of communication<br /> and economic development.<br /> Unlike the northern side of<br /> Mombasa that is linked by bridges<br /> at Nyali, Mtwapa, Kilifi and Sabaki,<br /> the South Coast depends solely on<br /> ferries.<br /> Ferries that were used in the early<br /> years were mere pontoons driven<br /> by motorboats on either side and<br /> extensively used human labour to<br /> help them land. Vehicle and passenger<br /> carrying capacity was very<br /> low. The alternative crossing was<br /> by canoes. This practice is still in<br /> vogue at Lamu. Such canoes do not<br /> provide for the transportation of<br /> vehicles.<br /> The greatest tragedy for the ferry<br /> services was the 1994 Mtongwe<br /> Ferry Disaster on April 27, 1994. A<br /> ferry bound for the mainland capsized<br /> just 40 metres from the port<br /> of Mombasa, killing 272 of the 400<br /> people on board.<br /> Kenya Ferry Service (KFS)<br /> The ferries at Likoni were initially<br /> run by Kenya Bus Services on a<br /> franchise arrangement with the<br /> Municipal Council of Mombasa.<br /> The bus company also operated a<br /> network of buses in the coastal town<br /> and Nairobi. The company operated<br /> the ferries between 1957 and 1989<br /> when it pulled out.<br /> The Government took over the<br /> operations of the ferries and bought<br /> all the ferry crafts, including Pwani,<br /> Mvita, St Michael, Pombo and Mtongwe<br /> 1 at Sh10.5 million ($131,250).<br /> The staff was retained.<br /> The Government directed the<br /> Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) to run<br /> the services on its behalf and KPA<br /> changed one of its subsidiary companies,<br /> Bunty Estates Ltd, to Kenya<br /> Ferry Services Ltd and commenced<br /> operations on November 1, 1989.<br /> In 1990, the Government bought<br /> four new ferries — mv Nyayo, mv<br /> Harambee, mv Kilindini and mv<br /> Mtongwe 2 at Sh376 million ($4.7<br /> million). In 1998, the Government<br /> formalised the ownership of the<br /> company through a Sessional Paper<br /> transforming its and KPA’s contributions<br /> into equity. Share capital was<br /> thus increased from Sh2 million<br /> ($25,000) to Sh500 million ($6.25<br /> million). The Government owns 80<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 633</div> <div>Our History<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Evolution: Out of<br /> Africa hypothesis<br /> Scientists have estimated<br /> that humans<br /> branched from their<br /> common ancestor with<br /> chimpanzees about five<br /> to seven million years<br /> ago. Several species of<br /> homo evolved and are<br /> extinct — homo erectus<br /> (Asia) and homo neanderthalensis<br /> (Europe).<br /> Archaic homo sapiens<br /> evolved between<br /> 250,000 and 400,000<br /> years ago. Some scientists<br /> hold the ‘Out of<br /> Africa’ hypothesis that<br /> homo sapiens arose<br /> in Africa and migrated<br /> 50,000 to 100,000 years<br /> ago, replacing populations<br /> of erectus in Asia<br /> and neanderthalensis<br /> in Europe. But scientists<br /> of the alternative multiregional<br /> hypothesis say<br /> homo sapiens evolved<br /> as geographically separate<br /> but interbreeding<br /> populations from migration<br /> of homo erectus<br /> out of Africa 2.5 million<br /> years ago.<br /> Turkana Boy<br /> Another fossil that has been instrumental<br /> in the study of human origins is the famous<br /> skeleton of homo erectus, known as ‘Turkana<br /> Boy’ (KNM-WT 15000). The hominid was<br /> discovered at Nariokotome, West Lake Turkana,<br /> in 1984 by Mr Kamoya Kimeu.<br /> Kimeu received the LeGorge medal from<br /> then US President Ronald Reagan in 1985 for<br /> the discovery of the fossil. It is the most complete<br /> skeleton of an early human ancestor.<br /> He was 11 or 12 years old, and stood at 1.6m<br /> tall. He roamed the harsh landscape in search<br /> of higher quality food than what earlier hominids<br /> such as australopithecines ate.<br /> 6</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 476<br /> Voice of the workers<br /> Francis Atwoli is a longserving<br /> trade unionist<br /> and is the secretarygeneral<br /> of the Central<br /> Organisation of Trade<br /> Unions (COTU) in Kenya.<br /> He was elected to the<br /> board in 2002 having<br /> worked for several<br /> years as a member of<br /> the Agriculture and<br /> Plantation Workers<br /> Union. Heis a vocal<br /> advocate for workers<br /> rights and frequently<br /> makes animated<br /> speeches. He has also<br /> been crictical of NGOs<br /> and global institutions,<br /> including the World<br /> Bank, for interfering in<br /> labour disputes. He is<br /> the sixth secretary-generals<br /> of COTU after:<br /> Clement Lubembe<br /> Denis Akumu<br /> Juma Boy<br /> Justus Mulei<br /> Joseph Mugalla<br /> and Allied Workers, Domestic and Hotel<br /> Workers, Quarry Workers, Night Watchmen<br /> Workers, East African Federation of Building<br /> Construction Workers and Tailors’ unions.<br /> This was followed by the Kenya Federation of<br /> Registered Trade Unions in 1952 with Aggrey<br /> Minya as secretary-general. It was not registered<br /> because it was a federation of registered<br /> unions. It was affiliated to the International<br /> Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)<br /> in 1952 and received advisory services.<br /> When the State of Emergency was declared<br /> in October 1952, the trade union movement<br /> suffered setbacks because union leaders<br /> were arrested and detained for alleged association<br /> with Mau Mau. Tom Mboya became<br /> the general secretary of the Kenya Local<br /> Government Workers Union and was later<br /> elected to the same position in the Kenya<br /> Federation of Registered Trade Unions,<br /> which gave way to the formation of Kenya<br /> Federation of Labour (KFL).<br /> It was at this period that the trade union<br /> movement was militant and at the forefront<br /> in the fight for freedom in Kenya. However,<br /> rivalry for leadership nearly ruined the movement.<br /> Splinter groups also emerged, but the<br /> split was brought under control. One most<br /> striking event was the building of the workers’<br /> headquarters — Solidarity Building — in<br /> Nairobi. Most of the money used was raised<br /> by Mboya when he visited the US after his<br /> studies at Ruskin College, Oxford. The cost<br /> was estimated at more than Sh700,000, part<br /> of which was raised locally by workers.<br /> The formation, structure and organisation<br /> of trade unions in independent Kenya<br /> is provided for in the Trade Unions Act,<br /> Trade Disputes Act and the Industrial Relations<br /> Charter. Trade unions are sector based<br /> although some operate beyond individual</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 268<br /> Multi-Media University of Kenya<br /> The Multi-Media University of<br /> Kenya, the former Kenya College of<br /> Communications and Technology,<br /> is a semi-autonomous institution<br /> whose core function is to build<br /> human capacity in the ICT sector.<br /> The college has two campuses —<br /> Mbagathi and Telposta Towers.<br /> They offer courses in electronic<br /> engineering, information technology<br /> and postal studies at certificate,<br /> diploma, degree and postgraduate<br /> level. By 2012, the institution<br /> will have become a fully-fledged<br /> university that will offer degree proees<br /> were transferred from the VOK<br /> Training School to the new institute<br /> in November, 1968. Since then,<br /> KIMC has expanded and diversified<br /> its training programmes. In 1969,<br /> programme production courses<br /> were introduced.<br /> The following year, an information<br /> trainees’ course was launched<br /> and in 1975 a film production<br /> course.<br /> KIMC has proved itself an asset<br /> for the Ministry of Information and<br /> Communications in producing<br /> manpower needs not only for the<br /> ministry, but also for the job market.</div> <div>Land adjudication and settlement<br /> • Policy formulation for management<br /> and administration of land<br /> • Ascertainment of customary<br /> land rights and interests of individuals<br /> and groups over Trust<br /> land<br /> • Acquisition of agriculturally<br /> viable land for settlement of poor<br /> landless Kenyans<br /> • Arbitration of land and boundary<br /> disputes<br /> • Administration of the Agricultural<br /> Settlement Fund<br /> • Provision of basic physical infrastructure<br /> in settlement schemes<br /> Surveying and mapping<br /> • Policy formulation for management<br /> and administration of land<br /> • Provision of national geodetic<br /> control network<br /> • Provision of title maps<br /> • Provision of updated national<br /> topographical base maps<br /> • Maintenance of national and<br /> international boundaries<br /> • Provision of updated national<br /> atlas of Kenya<br /> • Provision of updated land information<br /> • Provision of hydrographic information<br /> • Calibrate and maintain survey<br /> equipment<br /> • Provision of national spatial data<br /> infrastructure<br /> Physical planning<br /> • Preparation of regional and local<br /> physical development plans<br /> • Provision of advisory services on<br /> land use and alienation<br /> • Execution of physical development<br /> controls and preservation<br /> orders<br /> • Approval for extensions of lease,<br /> change of user and sub-division<br /> Technological advances<br /> The ministry is computerising its<br /> operations and by 2010, it will be<br /> possible to search property by the<br /> click of a mouse. Land records and<br /> development of National Lands<br /> Information System will be in digital<br /> form. The process is estimated to<br /> cost Sh3.8 billion. The ministry has<br /> created a strong room where about<br /> 200,000 title deeds are stored. Previously,<br /> documents were stored in a<br /> disjointed manner and files could be<br /> misplaced. Once computerisation is<br /> complete, Kenyans will access information<br /> through mobile Short Message<br /> Services (SMS). This will not<br /> only ensure that services are quick,<br /> but also proper record keeping.<br /> Ministry staff has been trained to<br /> operate the new system. People who<br /> have occupied land on the strength<br /> of letters of allotment continue to<br /> surrendered the documents. This<br /> will help create a private land inventory<br /> and a land bank. Land seized<br /> from those who acquired it irregularly<br /> will be the initial instalment of<br /> the bank. The Government is also<br /> buying back huge chunks of land,<br /> which have been lying idle. Some<br /> of it has been used to settle IDPs<br /> displaced during the 2008 postelection<br /> violence.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 83</div> <div>Health 10<br /> Health services have greatly improved although many<br /> challenges remain. HIV/Aids, malaria and TB drugs are given free<br /> in public hospitals, while maternity services are also free in State<br /> health centres<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 0 1 9<br /> 0<br /> 375</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 630</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 198<br /> Bank and broker<br /> Cooperative Development<br /> Minister Joe Nyagah (centre)<br /> launched the trading of Cooperative<br /> Bank shares after<br /> an IPO in 2009. The bank has<br /> entered the stock broking<br /> business after acquiring 60<br /> per cent in Bob Mathews<br /> Stockbrokers. It trades as<br /> Kingdom Securities. The company<br /> had more than 12,000<br /> CDS account holders.<br /> www.co-opbank.co.ke/<br /> Kingdom-Securities<br /> ing delays associated with bureaucracy.<br /> Spending is decided upon at each of the<br /> 210 constituencies through local committees.<br /> It has created local consumer<br /> demand through various projects, and<br /> funding other local needs, including education,<br /> health and infrastructure. CDF<br /> allocation takes 2.5 per cent of ordinary<br /> revenues.<br /> Kazi kwa Vijana<br /> In the 2009/10 Budget, the Treasury introduced<br /> the Kazi Kwa Vijana programme<br /> that provides youth with income through<br /> public works projects and thus tackle<br /> unemployment among the young people.<br /> The programme is critical in engaging the</div> <div>In 2008, the Anti-Counterfeits Bill was<br /> revived to give regulating authorities more<br /> power. The slowdown in manufacturing,<br /> courtesy of the post-election chaos, led to<br /> the closure of some companies, under-use<br /> of capacity and, in some cases, layoffs. The<br /> sector’s contribution to formal wage employment<br /> stands at 13.6 per cent.<br /> In 2007, the Kenya Investment Authority<br /> approved projects in the manufacture of vehicle<br /> bodies, cooking oil, detergents, garments,<br /> cement, furniture, sugar, food products, pharmaceuticals<br /> and non-alcoholic drinks.<br /> One intervention that has been cited as a<br /> boost to manufacturing is reducing the cost<br /> of energy and curbing dumping of cheap<br /> imports through the enforcement of the<br /> counterfeit law.<br /> Parastatals<br /> Kenya Industrial Research and Development<br /> Institute (KIRDI)<br /> It conducts research and development in<br /> industrial and allied technologies, including<br /> mechanical, civil, electronic and chemical<br /> engineering, energy, environment and commodity<br /> technologies. (See chapter on Science<br /> and Research)<br /> Kenya Industrial Estates (KIE)<br /> It was established in 1967 as a subsidiary of<br /> ICDC to promote indigenous entrepreneurship<br /> by financing and developing small-scale<br /> and micro-enterprises.<br /> KIE was established to facilitate development<br /> and incubation of micro, small<br /> and medium enterprises by establishing<br /> industrial parks, providing credit and business<br /> development services. It also provides<br /> finances, workspace and promotes sub-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 791</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 586<br /> ■<br /> rural roads<br /> Prepare road work programmes<br /> for rural roads<br /> Kenya Urban Roads Authority (KURA)<br /> It manages and maintains urban<br /> roads in cities and major municipalities.<br /> KURA is responsible for<br /> planning, design and implementation<br /> of road projects in urban areas,<br /> comprising the City Council and<br /> municipalities. It has 10 regions:<br /> Coast, Upper Eastern, Lower Eastern,<br /> Nairobi, Central, North Rift Valley,<br /> South Rift Valley, North-Eastern,<br /> Western and Nyanza.<br /> Kenya Wildlife Service<br /> It is responsible for roads under in<br /> national parks and reserves under<br /> its jurisdiction, as well as access<br /> roads allocated to it by the ministry.<br /> Reforms<br /> The ministry’s Materials and<br /> Mechanical departments and the<br /> Kenya Institute of Highways and<br /> Building have been transformed<br /> into semi-autonomous Government<br /> agencies.<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Funding<br /> Budget allocation to the roads<br /> sub-sector has been rising since in<br /> recent years. In the 2010-2011, the<br /> development budget is a whopping<br /> Sh76.8 billion, Sh60 billion in 2009-<br /> 2010, while in 2008-2009 Sh42.3 billion<br /> ($56 million) for development.<br /> Development partners complement<br /> Government efforts on the<br /> upkeep of the road network in the<br /> country. (See a summary of donors’<br /> projects in Annex 2.)<br /> The World Bank is funding the<br /> Northern Corridor Improvement<br /> Project at Sh11.1 billion as follows:<br /> Emergency holding maintenance<br /> recently completed under the Road<br /> Maintenance Fuel Levy funding.<br /> The ministry is waiting for a ‘No<br /> Objection’ from the World Bank for<br /> award of contracts of the following<br /> sections:<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Intervention<br /> Periodic maintenance<br /> of all<br /> roads (resealing<br /> and regravelling)<br /> Rehabilitation of<br /> all roads<br /> Construction of<br /> new roads<br /> Roads 2000<br /> Maintenance<br /> Programme<br /> Routine maintenance<br /> km targeted<br /> 365<br /> 240<br /> 252<br /> 2,000<br /> 42,000<br /> Mau Summit-Kericho<br /> Kericho-Nyamasaria<br /> Nyamasaria-Kisumu Airport<br /> Nadapal on the border with Southern<br /> Sudan — 700km<br /> Kibwezi-Kitui-Mwingi-Maua-Isiolo corridor.<br /> Best alternative route linking northern<br /> Tanzania and Narok<br /> Mombasa’s Dongo Kundu bypass.</div> <div>necessary for the achievement of<br /> Kenya’s regional and international<br /> objectives. Kenya uses this as a tool<br /> for advancing its goal of becoming<br /> a middle income and industrialised<br /> economy by 2030. The objectives of<br /> economic diplomacy are to:<br /> • Increase capital flows to Kenya<br /> and the East African region by<br /> exploring alternative or non-traditional<br /> sources of development<br /> assistance and foreign direct<br /> investment<br /> • Support investment by Kenyans<br /> within the region and beyond;<br /> • Promote the country as a favourite<br /> destination for foreign direct<br /> investment, tourism and conferencing<br /> • Expand access to traditional<br /> markets and identify new destinations<br /> in emerging and nontraditional<br /> markets in Africa,<br /> Europe, Latin America, Asia and<br /> the Middle East<br /> • Promote just and equitable rules<br /> of international trade<br /> • Strengthen regional economic<br /> organisations, especially the EAC<br /> and COMESA, to serve as competitive<br /> springboards to emerging<br /> and global markets;<br /> • Support exploration of alternative<br /> sources of traditional and<br /> renewable energy<br /> • Enhance technological advancement<br /> by exploring new sources<br /> of affordable and appropriate<br /> technology<br /> To achieve the objectives,<br /> Kenya works with other States<br /> to strengthen regional organisations,<br /> particularly the EAC, into<br /> more viable economic blocs in an<br /> increasingly competitive global<br /> environment. It will also strengthen<br /> its strategic ties with emerging<br /> economies in western and Eastern<br /> Europe, Asia, the Middle East, Latin<br /> America and Europe through new<br /> frameworks for cooperation, while<br /> strengthening those that exist.<br /> Peace diplomacy<br /> Kenya’s unique geographical position<br /> in eastern Africa, bordering<br /> several conflict-ridden countries,<br /> and its recognition that peace and<br /> stability are necessary for development<br /> and stability underpin diplomacy<br /> for peace, goodwill and good<br /> neighbourliness.<br /> Over the last 30 years, Kenya has<br /> hosted tens of thousands of political<br /> and economic refugees from virtually<br /> all the countries that neighbour<br /> it and beyond — Somalia, Ethiopia,<br /> Sudan, Uganda, DR Congo, Rwanda,<br /> Burundi, Mozambique and South<br /> Africa.<br /> Kenya has also brokered peace<br /> in eastern Africa and beyond. From<br /> the mid-1970s, Kenya has, at one<br /> time or another, been engaged in<br /> peace processes in Uganda, Sudan,<br /> Somalia, Rwanda, Burundi and<br /> Angola. Sudan’s Comprehensive<br /> Peace Agreement (CPA) was brokered<br /> and signed in Nairobi in 2005,<br /> while the first Provisional Government<br /> of Somalia was set up in 2004<br /> and based in the Kenyan capital<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 699</div> <div>Economy, Health Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 396<br /> Parastatals<br /> KEMSA<br /> The Kenya Medical Supplies<br /> Agency (KEMSA) is a specialised<br /> medical logistics provider for public<br /> health facilities and programmes.<br /> It was formed in 2000 after recommendations<br /> of a health stakeholders’<br /> forum held in 1998. As a State corporation,<br /> KEMSA replaced successive<br /> medical stores administrations<br /> that had existed since 1901 under<br /> various names.<br /> KEMSA supports the National<br /> Health Strategic Plan and the Kenya<br /> Health Package for Health in providing<br /> public facilities with the right<br /> quantity and quality of drugs and<br /> medical supplies at the best market<br /> value. Its mission is to improve<br /> healthcare through efficient procurement<br /> and reliable distribution<br /> of quality medical commodities and<br /> promotion of rational drug use and<br /> practice. Its objectives are to:<br /> ■ Develop a distribution system<br /> that effectively and efficiently<br /> delivers medical commodities to<br /> all public health facilities<br /> ■ Develop a national procurement<br /> system in collaboration with<br /> the Health ministries and other<br /> stakeholders<br /> ■ Evolve a world-class medical<br /> supply chain encompassing<br /> selection, forecasting, quality<br /> assurance, procurement planning,<br /> warehousing, logistics and<br /> customer service<br /> ■ Promote, with other stakeholders,<br /> rational drug use<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Develop a framework within<br /> which subcontracting of KEMSs<br /> functions may be done when<br /> required.<br /> Mobilise resources for capitalisation,<br /> rehabilitation, physical<br /> infrastructure and operations to<br /> commercialise and ensure financial<br /> sustainability of KEMSA.<br /> Make KEMSA a centre of excellence<br /> in supply chain management<br /> (www.kemsa.co.ke)<br /> National Hospital Insurance Fund<br /> The parastatal was established<br /> in 1966 as a department under<br /> the Ministry of Health. Today, the<br /> Fund is governed by the NHIF Act<br /> of 1998. The transformation of the<br /> NHIF from a department to a State<br /> corporation was aimed at improving<br /> effectiveness and efficiency. The<br /> Fund’s core mandate is to provide<br /> medical insurance cover to members<br /> and their dependants (spouse<br /> and children).<br /> NHIF membership is open to<br /> Kenyans 18 years and above who<br /> have a monthly income of Sh1,000<br /> and above ($13.3). NHIF has 23<br /> branches across the country. Each<br /> offers NHIF services, including payment<br /> of benefits to hospitals, members<br /> or employers. Smaller satellite<br /> offices and service points in district<br /> hospitals also serve the branches.<br /> In the financial year 2008-2009,<br /> the NHIF had 2.3 million members<br /> (1.9 million in the formal sector and<br /> 376,000 from the informal one), up</div> <div>through the Ministry of Forestry and<br /> Wildlife. Kenyan students formed<br /> the WCK in 1968, the first conservation<br /> organisation of its kind in the<br /> developing world. The Government<br /> gives it annual grants and members<br /> are allowed free access to KWSmanaged<br /> national parks and game<br /> reserves.<br /> For the past 40 years, the WCK<br /> has led youth environmental conservation,<br /> education and domestic<br /> tourism organisations in Africa.<br /> Kenyan schools and other educa-<br /> tional institutions have more than<br /> 2,000 wildlife clubs. They are models<br /> for conservation education in<br /> many other countries. Eighteen African<br /> countries have wildlife clubs.<br /> A 20-member council of civil servants,<br /> NGO members, citizens and<br /> teachers runs the WCK. A national<br /> secretariat handles daily activities<br /> with the advice of an executive committee<br /> of specialists in conservation<br /> education, business and public<br /> administration. The national secretariat<br /> co-ordinates WCK’s activities,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1065</div> <div>Research says sulphur dioxide from factories<br /> in Europe and the US has cooled<br /> the Northern Hemisphere, driving the<br /> tropical rain belt south — away from<br /> the Sahel.<br /> Rainfall in the region has declined by<br /> between 20 and 50 per cent, leading to<br /> severe droughts in 1972, 1975, 1984<br /> and 1985. The 1970s and 1980s were<br /> the most sustained drought in any part<br /> of the world since records began.<br /> Sulphur emissions from power stations<br /> and factories prevent cloud formation,<br /> cooling the Earth below. As this pollution<br /> mainly happens in the industrialised<br /> North, the Northern Hemisphere<br /> became relatively cooler than the south.<br /> This made the rain belt move south -<br /> away from the Sahel.<br /> news.bbc.co.uk<br /> shine hours, evaporation and visibility.<br /> At present there are 27 synoptic<br /> stations in Kenya.<br /> The department’s functions are to:<br /> • Provide meteorological and<br /> climatological services to agriculture,<br /> forestry, water resources<br /> management, civil aviation and<br /> the private sector<br /> • Provide meteorological services<br /> to shipping in the western Indian<br /> Ocean, including issuing cyclone<br /> warnings for the safety of ships<br /> • Provide meteorological services<br /> to military aviation for the safety<br /> of the Kenya Air Force aircraft<br /> • Maintain an efficient telecommunications<br /> system for rapid<br /> collection and dissemination<br /> of meteorological information<br /> in accordance with the World<br /> Meteorological Organization and<br /> the International Civil Aviation<br /> Organisation procedures<br /> • Coordinate research in meteorology<br /> and climatology<br /> • Compile training programmes in<br /> meteorology and related scientific<br /> subjects<br /> Institute for Meteorological<br /> Training and Research<br /> It is a branch of the Kenya Meteorological<br /> Department situated in<br /> Nairobi. Its responsibility is to train<br /> personnel in meteorology, hydrology<br /> and related geo-sciences in<br /> Kenya and Anglophone Africa. It<br /> was established in 1964 and in 1965,<br /> it was upgraded to the status of the<br /> World Meteorological Organisation<br /> Regional Training Centre for Anglophone<br /> Africa.<br /> There are only 23 such training<br /> centres in the world, including eight<br /> in Africa. The college is a centre of<br /> excellence specialised in training<br /> meteorology, hydrology, applied<br /> meteorology and related geosciences.<br /> It has two components:<br /> The Institute for Meteorological<br /> Training and Research (IMTR) on<br /> the grounds of the Kenya Meteorological<br /> Department and the University<br /> of Nairobi, College of Biological<br /> and Physical Sciences, Department<br /> of Meteorology located at Chiromo<br /> Campus.<br /> The two work closely, especially<br /> in the coordination of international<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 507</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 612<br /> Fly540<br /> The airline started<br /> operations between<br /> Nairobi and Mombasa<br /> on November 24, 2006.<br /> The airline’s name refers<br /> to its price of Sh5,540<br /> for return fare between<br /> Nairobi and Mombasa. In<br /> May 2007, it introduced<br /> two aircraft to increase<br /> capacity for new domestic<br /> routes. Passenger<br /> numbers rose by 93<br /> per cent to 171,160 in<br /> September 2008, from<br /> 88,571 in 2007. The load<br /> factor amounted to 63<br /> per cent, down from 65.8<br /> per cent in 2007. The<br /> original scheduled flights<br /> included – except for<br /> freight flights – scheduled<br /> passenger traffic<br /> between Nairobi and<br /> Mombasa, while Kisumu<br /> became a destination<br /> in January 2007. Daily<br /> flights on the Nairobi-<br /> Malindi-Lamu route were<br /> added in February 2007.<br /> International operations<br /> started in October<br /> 2007 to Juba in Sudan<br /> and Goma in DR Congo.<br /> Entebbe was added in<br /> February 2008. The company<br /> aims to become<br /> a pan-African carrier. It<br /> received authorisation<br /> to start operations in<br /> Angola in April 2009 and<br /> was setting up a regional<br /> franchise in Zimbabwe.<br /> Moi International Airport and the Eldoret<br /> International Airport. Kisumu Airport in western<br /> Kenya is under renovation to expand its<br /> runaway and elevate it to international status.<br /> Kenya Airports Authority (KAA)<br /> It is responsible for the management of major<br /> airports and provides infrastructure for aviation<br /> services between Kenya and the outside<br /> world. It is an autonomous company established<br /> in 1991 through an Act of Parliament to<br /> provide and manage a coordinated system of<br /> airports in the country. KAA’s functions are to:<br /> Administer, control and manage aerodromes<br /> ■ Provide and maintain facilities<br /> ■ Provide rescue and fire fighting equipment<br /> and services<br /> ■ Construct, operate and maintain aerodromes<br /> and other related activities<br /> ■ Build or maintain aerodromes on an<br /> agency basis on the request of any Government<br /> department<br /> ■ Provide other facilities for passengers and<br /> other people using KAA services<br /> ■ Approve the establishment of private airstrips<br /> and control of operations.<br /> Prior to its formation, the Aerodromes<br /> Department under the Ministry of Transport<br /> handled this responsibility. For security at<br /> airports, KAA issues two types of passes: Permanent<br /> and temporary security passes. Application<br /> for permanent security passes is done<br /> at KAA headquarters.<br /> Temporary security passes are given to<br /> people who want to access restricted areas in<br /> airports and are issued at the discretion of the<br /> managing director, general manager security<br /> or airport manager.<br /> Valid reasons with documentary evidence<br /> must be given when applying for a security<br /> pass. Temporary ones are issued at the Secu-</div> <div>extension services with the Government<br /> and seek credit and offer<br /> group guarantees.<br /> Training<br /> The Department of Veterinary Services<br /> has four institutions. Three<br /> train pre-service students and offer<br /> two-year certificate courses, while<br /> the fourth trains in-service students.<br /> They are AHITI Kabete, AHITI<br /> Ndomba and AHITI Nyahururu.<br /> The inservice one is the Meat Training<br /> Institute –Athi River.<br /> Dairy Farming<br /> Kenya is one of the largest producers<br /> of milk in Africa. Large-scale<br /> dairy farming accounts for 20 per<br /> cent of national milk production<br /> and small-scale farming 80 per cent.<br /> The largest single milk processor<br /> is the New Kenya Cooperative<br /> Creameries. Smaller factories do<br /> roaring business in Nairobi, Limuru,<br /> Nakuru, Kitale and Eldoret. Milk<br /> production and processing of products<br /> such as yoghurt, butter, cheese,<br /> ghee and powdered milk have<br /> increased significantly in recent<br /> years.<br /> The dairy sub-sector plays a critical<br /> role in the livelihoods of many<br /> Kenyans. The sub-sector is also a<br /> significant contributor to the country’s<br /> GDP. The revival of the dairy<br /> industry in 2003 led to improvement<br /> in milk production and marketing.<br /> Milk production in Kenya is<br /> dominated by small-scale producers<br /> mainly in the Rift Valley, Central<br /> and Eastern provinces. Various<br /> production systems, which mainly<br /> rely on rain-fed agriculture, are<br /> used. The current dairy cattle population<br /> is estimated at four million.<br /> Total milk production is estimated<br /> at about 4.8 million tonnes — cow<br /> milk estimated at 4.5 million tonnes,<br /> goat milk 150,000 tonnes and camel<br /> about 50,000 tonnes.<br /> Marketing milk is done through<br /> the formal and informal sectors. The<br /> formal comprises 27 milk processors,<br /> 64 mini-dairies, 78 cottage<br /> industries, 1,138 milk bars and 757<br /> primary milk producers.The milk<br /> marketed through the formal sector<br /> has increased in recent years.<br /> This has been a result interventions<br /> taken by the Government and other<br /> stakeholders.<br /> Kenya exports substantial quantities<br /> of milk and milk products to<br /> the region. Intra-regional trade in<br /> dairy products in the East African<br /> Community has continued to<br /> gain momentum and benefits the<br /> Kenyan dairy industry. The main<br /> products exported are long life milk<br /> and powder milk. Dairy imports<br /> have gone down over time as Kenya<br /> becomes increasingly more selfsufficient<br /> in milk and milk products.<br /> However, specialised milk products<br /> are imported from New Zealand<br /> and the Europena Union.<br /> Since 2003, the Government<br /> introduced several measures:<br /> • Restructured and improved<br /> capacity building of the Kenya<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 327</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 266<br /> Central Media<br /> and Research Unit<br /> It was created to enable<br /> the Ministry of Information<br /> and Communications<br /> make informed<br /> decisions on media. Its<br /> mandate is to:<br /> Process and store archival<br /> material comprising<br /> newspaper cuttings<br /> Operate a data bank on<br /> the country, economy<br /> and key sectors of<br /> Kenya’s national life.<br /> Gather and disseminate,<br /> through the media,<br /> information useful for<br /> national development.<br /> Offer research library<br /> services<br /> Maintain biographical<br /> data of leading personalities<br /> Formulate media programmes<br /> packaged to<br /> promote Kenya.<br /> Monitoring local and<br /> international electronic<br /> media for adverse reports<br /> on Kenya<br /> To undertake research<br /> activities in the Ministry<br /> with a view of identifying<br /> inherent problems<br /> affecting the various<br /> departments of the<br /> Ministry and possible<br /> solutions.<br /> www.kenyanewsagency.go.ke<br /> It also provides public address systems,<br /> deploys public communication officers to<br /> ministries and other organisations and provides<br /> Information Resource Centres.<br /> The department plays a critical role in<br /> the implementation of strategies aimed at<br /> ensuring universal access to information. It<br /> informs, educates, communicates and interprets<br /> Government policies and vision to the<br /> country and Diaspora<br /> It also develops information content, digitises<br /> and makes it available to the citizenry on<br /> the Government information portal. Equally<br /> important, the department will by 2012 have<br /> developed a monitoring and tracking system<br /> of key Government devolved kitties, the<br /> Constituency Development Fund (CDF) and<br /> Local Authorities Transfer Fund. The results<br /> of this will be made available online in the<br /> ministry portal.<br /> Training<br /> The State-owned Kenya Institute of Mass<br /> Communications (KIMC) trains mass media<br /> professionals and practitioners in specialised<br /> skills in electronic and print journalism, radio<br /> and television programme production, filmmaking<br /> and electronic and telecommunication<br /> broadcasting technologies.<br /> It also offers postgraduate diploma training.<br /> By 2012, plans are underway to have the college<br /> offer degree programmes in mass media,<br /> produce and disseminate video and radio<br /> programmes through its Media Production<br /> Centre which offers post-production services<br /> in print media, television, film and radio.<br /> In 2007, the Ministry of Information and<br /> Communications initiated a review of curriculum<br /> at KIMC.<br /> KIMC was conceived in 1961 as an electronics<br /> engineering school in train electron-</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1058<br /> Institute under the then Ministry of<br /> Tourism and Wildlife.<br /> It was an in-service training institution<br /> for the departments of Wildlife<br /> and Fisheries. In 1985, it admitted<br /> the first trainees, comprising<br /> new university graduate assistant<br /> wardens and fisheries’ officers on<br /> induction. The programmes offered<br /> ranged from short refresher and ad<br /> hoc programmes to two-year certificate<br /> courses.<br /> In 1994, the KWS took over the<br /> Institute and renamed it in 1996. It<br /> is now a tertiary institute and a<br /> biodiversity conservation and<br /> management centre. The institute’s<br /> objectives are to offer basic, specialised<br /> and refresher programmes<br /> for KWS staff and its partners and<br /> train and conduct research in natural<br /> resource management to boost<br /> conservation, management and sustainability<br /> of wildlife resources and<br /> their habitats.<br /> The Institute has expanded its<br /> training profile and the number of<br /> trainees and staff has increased.<br /> Through links with local and international<br /> tertiary institutions, the<br /> institute has broadened certificate,<br /> diploma and other training programmes.<br /> The expansion, modernisation<br /> and improvement of facilities<br /> have enhanced its capacity to collaborate<br /> in more field-based training<br /> programmes and research as well as<br /> improve hospitality services.<br /> Manyani Field<br /> Training School<br /> When KWS was formed in 1989, the<br /> Manyani Anti-Poaching Camp was<br /> converted into a paramilitary training<br /> facility. Before, wildlife officers<br /> and rangers were trained in different<br /> institutions — Armed Forces barracks<br /> in Gilgil, Administration Police<br /> College in Nairobi and Wildlife Conservation<br /> Management Department<br /> at Mbagathi and Ngong station.<br /> The transformation of Manyani<br /> led to the General Service Unit<br /> (GSU) coming on board to train<br /> KWS uniformed personnel on<br /> paramilitary drills. Kenya Wildlife<br /> Service Field Training School, Manyani<br /> was established in 1990. It is<br /> in the Tsavo West National Park off<br /> the Nairobi-Mombasa Road, 290km<br /> south of Nairobi and 196 km north<br /> of Mombasa.<br /> The school’s mandate is to implement<br /> KWS’ paramilitary training<br /> policy and train other stakeholders<br /> in wildlife conservation — county<br /> councils managing national<br /> reserves, private wildlife sanctuaries,<br /> the Kenya Forest Service and the<br /> Kenya Airports Authority.<br /> Over the years, the school has<br /> upgraded training and accommodation<br /> facilities — a mosque, kitchen,<br /> classrooms and chapel. More infrastructural<br /> developments are on the<br /> way, including the tarmacking of the<br /> Drill Square.<br /> The institution has conducted<br /> many programmes for KWS uniformed<br /> personnel and other stake-</div> <div>life to nature and entertain. The<br /> respondent answers by equating a<br /> phenomenon to daily life. Riddles<br /> take their shape from the society’s<br /> perception of nature and daily life.<br /> Puzzle: I live in a big house that has<br /> a big lamp that illuminates it the<br /> whole night.<br /> Answer: Moon<br /> Puzzle: I built a house that has one<br /> pillar.<br /> Answer: Mushroom<br /> Proverbs<br /> Proverbs are short popular sayings<br /> whose words have a message that<br /> advises, warns, scolds or praises.<br /> A proverb has two situations, but<br /> when compared and contrasted<br /> they drive the message home.<br /> Proverbs are both new and old.<br /> New ones are invented all the time<br /> and old ones fall into disuse. However,<br /> proverbs can contradict one<br /> another and thus for every proverb<br /> there is another that asserts the<br /> opposite view.<br /> Parables<br /> They are short clear narratives<br /> designed to teach a moral lesson.<br /> It has characteristics of sayings<br /> though it is not only a statement, but<br /> also a narrative with a message. It<br /> also explains a certain situation by<br /> using a message that is contained<br /> in it.<br /> Music and dance<br /> Singing communicates through<br /> words in a melody. Songs communicate<br /> advice, praise and condemnation.<br /> Singing is one of the<br /> oldest forms of communication. In<br /> the early days, our ancestors used<br /> bones as musical instruments.<br /> Dancing as a performing art is<br /> an important part of Kenyan culture.<br /> Songs can be categorised into<br /> groups: Lullabies, initiation, children’s,<br /> love, marriage and wedding,<br /> dirges, hero worship, preparing the<br /> land, planting, harvesting complaint,<br /> criticism and condemnation, among<br /> others.<br /> Musical instruments also accompany<br /> singing: Drums, string and<br /> wind instruments, among others.<br /> Costumes and props are important<br /> in traditional dances. Dancers don<br /> masks and carry shields, swords and<br /> other objects.<br /> Kenyan music is polyrhythmic,<br /> incorporating different beats. The<br /> primary instruments are drums,<br /> flutes and thumb pianos.<br /> Gikuyu music, for instance is<br /> relatively simple: The main instrument<br /> is gicandi, a rattle made from<br /> a gourd. The Abaluhya have more<br /> complex music and dance traditions<br /> and a variety of instruments.<br /> (Which ones)<br /> In urban areas, benga, a fusion<br /> of Western and Kenyan music, is<br /> popular. It originated among the<br /> Luo in the 1950s and two traditional<br /> instruments are key accompaniments:<br /> Nyatiti and orutu.<br /> Taarab music, which is popular<br /> at the Coast, has Arabic and Indian<br /> influence.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 95</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> Palm reef resorts<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 992<br /> Makuti (palm reef) roofs are<br /> common along the Kenyan<br /> coast as they support<br /> ventilation and are part of<br /> traditional architectural<br /> styles, and are attractive to<br /> foreign visitors.<br /> Makuti is handmade, provides<br /> a source of income for<br /> many families involved in<br /> the weaving and production<br /> of roofing panels, and is<br /> made of local material from<br /> branches of coconut palms.<br /> Fire retardants are commonly<br /> used by developers and<br /> contractors to reduce the<br /> flammability of the material<br /> without having to do away<br /> with it.<br /> The high-pitched roofs of<br /> coastal hotels are some of<br /> the main visual attractions<br /> for visitors from other parts<br /> of Kenya and foreign lands.<br /> Said one hotelier at the<br /> Coast: “We have for years<br /> sprayed makuti roofs with<br /> special liquids to prevent<br /> easy outbreak and spread of<br /> fires. Visitors from far away<br /> do not come to stay in concrete<br /> boxes like back home;<br /> they come here to see and<br /> experience Kenya’s unique<br /> attractions.”<br /> www.eturbonews.com<br /> Saiwa River together and its belts of rain<br /> forest.<br /> The park is enclosed by subsistence farming<br /> settlements. The vegetation is a mixture of<br /> forest and swamp vegetation. Tall bull rushes<br /> and sedges dominate the swamp. A mixture<br /> of grassland, riverine forests and acacia<br /> borders the swamp. The major attractions<br /> are game viewing and the aquatic Sitatunga<br /> antelope.</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> gold. Matthew Birir, Brimin Kipruto,<br /> Wilfred Bungei, Reuben Kosgei,<br /> Alfred Kirwa Yego, Moses Kiptanui,<br /> Nancy Jebet Lang’at, Jepkosgei and<br /> Vivian Cheruiyot, who won medals<br /> for Kenya at World Juniors, have<br /> become Olympic or World champions<br /> at senior level.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1086<br /> IAAF World Youth Championships<br /> It is a biennial event first held in<br /> 1999. The athletes must be 15, 16 or<br /> 17 years of age on December 31 of<br /> the year of the competition. Just like<br /> the World Juniors, Kenya has sent<br /> teams to this event and introduced<br /> budding runners to international<br /> competition, winning the overall<br /> global title in Marrakech 2005 and<br /> Bydgoszcz 2009.<br /> The notable stars who have won<br /> gold at this level include Commonwealth<br /> 5,000m champion<br /> Augustine Choge (3,000m/2003)<br /> and Stephen Cherono (2,000m<br /> steeplechase/1999) who went on to<br /> switch nationality to Qatar, adopting<br /> the name Saif Saeed Shaheen, and<br /> win two World Championships in<br /> steeplechase as well as set the world<br /> record.<br /> Olympic steeplechase gold medallist<br /> and 2007 World Champion,<br /> Brimin Kipruto, won silver in the<br /> 2,000m steeplechase at the 2001<br /> edition in Hungary.<br /> CAA Africa Junior Athletics<br /> This is another event through which<br /> Kenya has given precocious talent<br /> to express their finesse against<br /> top-level competition. The 2007<br /> edition in Ouagadougou, Burkina<br /> Faso, entered the history books with<br /> Kenya winning 13 gold medals, the<br /> highest number ever by a Kenyan<br /> team to an athletics championship<br /> at junior or senior level.<br /> Among those discovered at the</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> able to hand in your passport, traveler’s<br /> cheques, excess money and any other<br /> valuables at hotel reception desks for safe<br /> keeping. Alternatively, arrange to hire a safety<br /> deposit box. It is advisable not to walk alone<br /> in isolated towns or beach areas. Seek advice<br /> from your hotel manager or tour representative.<br /> Also make a copy of your passport and<br /> keep it in your luggage.<br /> Don’t carry too much cash with you and<br /> often wear a money belt that fits under your<br /> clothes. Don’t carry a lot of camera equipment,<br /> especially in the major cities.<br /> Conference tourism<br /> Kenya is ranked fourth in Africa<br /> after South Africa, Egypt<br /> and Morocco in conference<br /> tourism. In 2009, 2,258<br /> local conferences were held<br /> up from 2,107 in 2008.<br /> International conferences in<br /> the period increased from<br /> 189 to 196. Revenue from<br /> conference tourism has<br /> grown, especially after the<br /> rehabilitation of Kenyatta<br /> International Conference<br /> Centre, which hosts many<br /> local and international<br /> meetings. KICC is the nectar<br /> that attracts bees to the<br /> honey that is Kenya’s tourism.<br /> Mombasa, with good<br /> weather and many hotels,<br /> and the UN Office in Nairobi<br /> are other ideal venues.<br /> www.victoriasafaris.com<br /> 1000</div> <div>billion ($7.3 billion) in 2008 and<br /> Sh43.8 billion ($5.8 billion) in 2007.<br /> Tea is grown in the highlands<br /> where there is adequate rainfall and<br /> low temperatures.<br /> The main tea-growing area is in<br /> the Kenyan Highlands, west of the<br /> Rift Valley, at altitudes between<br /> 5,000 and 9,000 feet. The highest<br /> production is in the Rift Valley<br /> districts of Kericho and Nandi.<br /> Central Kenya districts of<br /> Kiambu, Murang’a, Nyeri, Kirinyaga,<br /> Meru and Embu also grow a lot of<br /> tea. In Nyanza, the Gusii districts<br /> of Kisii, Nyamira and Gucha are<br /> also big producers of the crop. Tea<br /> is also grown in Western Province,<br /> especially in the larger Kakamega<br /> District.<br /> Tea is a major foreign exchange<br /> earner. In 1995, Kenya became the<br /> largest exporter of black tea in Africa<br /> and the third largest in the world.<br /> Small-scale farmers grow more<br /> than 80 per cent of the crop, while<br /> the rest is grown by large-scale<br /> producers. Small-scale farmers<br /> market their produce through their<br /> respective factories.<br /> Large-scale producers of Kenyan<br /> tea include Brooke Bond, George<br /> Williamson, Eastern Produce and<br /> African Highlands. Unlike smallscale<br /> farmers, they process and<br /> market their crop. Much of Kenyan<br /> tea is sold through the Mombasa<br /> auction, with Pakistan, the UK and<br /> Egypt being the biggest buyers.<br /> Kenya production is almost<br /> exclusively CTC manufacture<br /> (cut, twist and curl). This type of<br /> manufacture produces strongliquoring<br /> teas, which yield high<br /> number of cups a kilo. The bushes<br /> are harvested throughout the year,<br /> with the best quality being produced<br /> in January and February and again<br /> in July, during the drier periods of<br /> the year.<br /> Kenya Tea Development Agency<br /> It is the leading management<br /> and marketing company of<br /> tea products in the world. It<br /> provides management services<br /> to the sub-sector and invests<br /> in profitable ventures for the<br /> benefit of shareholders and other<br /> stakeholders.<br /> Previously a State corporation,<br /> it was incorporated as a private<br /> company in June 2000. KTDA<br /> manages 54 tea factories in the<br /> smallholder sub-sector and serves<br /> more than 400,000 growers.<br /> (www.ktdateas.com)<br /> Tea Board of Kenya<br /> Established in 1950, the board promotes<br /> tea in domestic and international<br /> markets, regulates the industry<br /> through licensing and promotes<br /> competition in the sub-sector.<br /> It also regulates research,<br /> manufacture and trade. The Board<br /> also disseminates information<br /> relating to tea and advises the<br /> Government on policy matters<br /> regarding the industry through the<br /> Ministry of Agriculture.<br /> The board’s research is done<br /> K EK NE YN A Y A Y EY AE RA BR OB O K O K 2 02 0 91 0<br /> 303</div> <div>Labour and Human Resources<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 472<br /> or who contract diseases and to<br /> extend insurance cover. Employers<br /> are obligated to obtain an insurance<br /> policy to cover the employer’s<br /> liability, register with the Director of<br /> Work Injuries Benefits and to keep<br /> records and make annual returns.<br /> The law also provides for the procedure<br /> of reporting accidents during<br /> employment. The limitation period<br /> for reporting is 12 months after<br /> which the claim lapses. Compensation<br /> for disablement and death is<br /> also provided.<br /> The law provides for employers to<br /> provide medical aid to employees.<br /> This includes first aid facilities, taking<br /> employees to and from a medical<br /> facility and payment of medical<br /> expenses.<br /> Labour Relations Act<br /> It provides a legal framework to<br /> promote freedom of association,<br /> the right to collective bargaining,<br /> streamlines the registration of trade<br /> unions, employers’ organisations<br /> and federations of trade unions<br /> and employers’ organiations. The<br /> law also provides for effective management<br /> of property, funds and<br /> accounts of trade unions, employer</div> <div>riculum development, monitoring,<br /> curriculum implementation, administration<br /> of technical and business<br /> examinations in technical institutions<br /> and setting standards for technical<br /> and business examinations.<br /> The directorate will facilitate<br /> registration of TIVET institutions,<br /> development and coordination of<br /> standards and programmes, set<br /> standards for development and<br /> implementation of curricula, inspect<br /> institutions for registration, approve<br /> programmes and standards,<br /> develop specifications for training<br /> equipment, classrooms, workshops,<br /> laboratories, libraries and students<br /> enrolment guidelines and set<br /> admission criteria for students.<br /> Provincial Education Boards<br /> Their mandate is to implement education<br /> policies and administration<br /> at the provincial level. They coordinate<br /> education programmes in the<br /> provinces and eliminate duplication<br /> of educational activities.<br /> District Education Boards<br /> They have jurisdiction over primary<br /> schools in the districts. The main<br /> function is to manage education<br /> services and teachers. District Education<br /> Boards have authority over<br /> school audit, accounting, quality<br /> assurance and resource mobilisation.<br /> They have powers to receive<br /> grants or grants-in-aid from the<br /> public or local authority and to use<br /> such funds for approved education<br /> projects.<br /> Education policy<br /> The provision of education and<br /> training to all Kenyans is fundamental<br /> to the success of the Government’s<br /> overall development<br /> strategy, especially Vision 2030. Sessional<br /> Paper No 1 of 2005 on Policy<br /> Framework for Education, Training<br /> and Research spells out the education<br /> policy towards the realisation of<br /> the national economic blueprint.<br /> The Government is committed to<br /> the realisation of universal access<br /> to basic education as prescribed in<br /> the Education for All initiatives and<br /> the UN Millennium Development<br /> Goals. It also recognises education<br /> as key to the development and protection<br /> of democratic institutions<br /> and human rights.<br /> Education policy has evolved over<br /> the years through the recommendations<br /> of numerous commissions.<br /> The first commission after independence,<br /> the Kenya Education Commission<br /> (Ominde Report, 1964),<br /> sought to reform the education<br /> system inherited from the colonial<br /> government and make it more<br /> responsive to the needs of independent<br /> Kenya.<br /> The 1976 Report of the National<br /> Committee on Educational Objectives<br /> and Policies (Gachathi Report)<br /> focused on redefining educational<br /> policies and objectives, giving<br /> special attention to national unity<br /> and economic, social and cultural<br /> aspirations of Kenyans. It resulted in<br /> Government support for harambee<br /> schools and the establishment of the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 355</div> <div>• Settle minor electoral disputes<br /> during an election as may be<br /> provided by law.<br /> The GJLOS programme’s aim is to<br /> reform and strengthen institutions<br /> for enhanced protection of human<br /> rights, and efficient, accountable<br /> and transparent governance and<br /> justice. It seeks to implement farreaching<br /> reforms in the public<br /> sector. It was Kenya’s first Sector<br /> Wide Approach (SWAP), bringing<br /> together Government, donors,<br /> civil society and the private sector.<br /> This approach involves broadening<br /> policy dialogue, developing a policy<br /> that addresses private and public<br /> sector issues) and with better coornew<br /> voter’s register<br /> • Develop a modern system for collection,<br /> collation, transmission and tallying<br /> of electoral data<br /> • Conduct a referendum for a new constitution<br /> • Facilitate the observation, monitoring<br /> and evaluation of elections and referenda<br /> • Promote voter education and culture<br /> of democracy<br /> The Commission has 24 months<br /> from December 24, 2009 to<br /> December 2010 to discharge its<br /> mandate. Alternatively, the IIEC will<br /> cease to exist three months after a<br /> new constitution comes to effect. In<br /> that case, the new constitution shall<br /> provide for a permanent successor<br /> electoral body, which will take up<br /> the role of reforms.<br /> The Commission has successfully<br /> fulfilled its mandate — registered<br /> voters afresh and created an new<br /> register, conducted the referendum<br /> on the new Constitution and byelections<br /> in Bomachoge, Shinyalu,<br /> South Mugirango, Matuga, Makadara,<br /> Starehe, Juja and Wajir South constituencies.<br /> The commissioners are:<br /> Ahmed Issack Hassan (chairman),<br /> Simiyu Abuid Wasike, Winnie Guchu,<br /> Yusuf Nzibo, Hamara Ibrahim Adan,<br /> Ken Nyaundi, Tiyah Galgalo, Davis<br /> Chirchir and Douglas Mwashigadi<br /> dinated procedures for funding and<br /> procurement.<br /> GJLOS aims to strengthen anticorruption<br /> legislation and institutions.<br /> The programme also supports<br /> the drive for a new constitution. It<br /> also facilitates the development of<br /> laws that enhance democracy in<br /> political parties. It expands democracy,<br /> especially women and children,<br /> over human rights.<br /> GJLOS builds mechanisms<br /> that will enable greater openness<br /> and transparency in institutions.<br /> Reforming the Judiciary and the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 825</div> <div>and a 25km interconnection pipeline<br /> between Mzima and Baricho pipeline systems<br /> will give Coast residents of additional<br /> water should either of the two systems break<br /> down.<br /> In regard to other towns, the Government<br /> has allocated funds to improve water infrastructure.<br /> In Kisumu, the gains that have<br /> accrued under the completed short-term<br /> project will be consolidated when the longterm<br /> plan is implemented. In Kisii, water supply<br /> and sewerage will be improved after the<br /> proposed projects.<br /> In the Mt Kenya region, the Government<br /> has set aside funds from development partners<br /> to improve water and sewerage facilities<br /> in Isiolo, Meru, Nyeri, Murang’a and Embu. In<br /> the Rift Valley, funds have been set aside to<br /> improve water infrastructure. Projects such<br /> as Kapsabet, Nakuru and Naivasha water supplies<br /> are under construction.<br /> On rural water supply, the Government<br /> supports initiatives aimed at boosting coverage,<br /> which is currently below 50 per cent.<br /> Concerted efforts to reduce the cost of water<br /> in urban slums and ensure good quality.<br /> Badasa Dam<br /> The National Water Conservation and Pipeline<br /> Corporation is constructing the dam to<br /> supply water to Marsabit town. The project<br /> comprises a 52m embankment on Buji River<br /> in the Mt Marsabit forest reserve, intake<br /> works, diversion culvert, raw water pumping<br /> station and a water treatment plant. Others<br /> are treated water pumping and booster stations,<br /> treated water rising main and storage<br /> facilities of about 3,000m3 capacity.<br /> Marsabit town, about 500km north of Nairobi,<br /> is the main market centre of the district.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 519</div> <div>Denis the menace<br /> Dennis Oliech was the first<br /> Kenyan footballer to strike<br /> it big internationally. He is a<br /> striker for Auxerre of France.<br /> He started playing for Dagoretti<br /> Santos and Mathare<br /> United. He later became<br /> the top scorer for national<br /> team Harambee Stars. His<br /> debut for Kenya was in 2003<br /> and played at the 2004<br /> African Cup of Nations, and<br /> was voted one of the most<br /> promising talents alongside<br /> Wayne Rooney of Manchester<br /> United. Oliech’s first<br /> international was in 2002,<br /> when Kenya lost to Nigeria<br /> 3–0. He turned professional<br /> in 2003 for Al-Arabi, Qatar.<br /> In 2004, Qatar offered him<br /> Sh200 million ($2.5 million)<br /> to change his citizenship but<br /> he refused. He signed a fouryear<br /> contract with the French<br /> team FC Nantes in 2005. In<br /> 2006, Auxerre signed him<br /> from Nantes.<br /> interceder.net/<br /> Dennis Oliech<br /> event was Pamela Jelimo, who a year later<br /> became Africa, Olympic, IAAF $1m Golden<br /> League (now discontinued), World Athletics<br /> final winner as well as world junior record<br /> holder in 800m. Jelimo won the 400m title<br /> before anchoring the women’s 4X400m relay<br /> team to gold, thus becoming a part of the only<br /> female quartet from the country to win the<br /> race at a major championship. A few months<br /> later, she switched to 800m.<br /> Other notable athletes unearthed at the<br /> Africa Juniors include Ezekiel Kemboi, who<br /> won Olympic gold in steeplechase in 2004<br /> and World title in 2009. Kemboi won the<br /> event at the 2001 Africa Juniors in Reduit,<br /> Mauritius. Olympic steeplechase champion<br /> Brimin Kipruto also won silver at the 2003<br /> event in Garoua, Cameroon, while the 1997<br /> World 10,000m champion, Sally Barsosio,<br /> won the 3,000m title at the 1994 edition.<br /> World 5,000m women’s champion Vivian<br /> Cheruiyot was a winner at her favoured event<br /> in 2001.<br /> Women<br /> Kenya has produced many top women athletes,<br /> starting with Sabina Chebichii, who was<br /> popularly known as the ‘petti-coat girl’, Tecla<br /> Chemabwai Sang and Lydia Stephens. Susan<br /> Sirma became the first Kenyan woman to win<br /> a medal at the world championships (3,000m<br /> bronze in Tokyo, 1991) and Lydia Cheromei<br /> won two junior titles in World Cross Country<br /> Championships.<br /> Later, Sally Barsosio became the first<br /> Kenyan woman to win a world gold medal<br /> (10,000m in Athens, 1997). Tegla Loroupe<br /> was the first African woman to win a major<br /> marathon, New York City, in 1994 and 1995.<br /> She later won marathons in Berlin, London,<br /> Rome and Leipzig. Joyce Chepchumba, Mar-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1087</div> <div>Human migration<br /> In human migration, the prevailing<br /> and most accepted<br /> explanation is the Out of<br /> Africa theory. Pre-human<br /> hominids developed in<br /> Africa and spread to Europe<br /> and parts of Asia. The first<br /> Homo sapiens appeared in<br /> Africa roughly 400,000 years<br /> ago. This is supported by genetic<br /> and fossil data. About<br /> 100,000 years ago, they<br /> moved north out of Africa<br /> into the Middle East, eventually<br /> pushing into Europe<br /> and Asia. Homo sapiens coexisted<br /> with earlier hominids<br /> such as Neanderthals. With<br /> greater intelligence, Homo<br /> sapiens out-competed prehuman<br /> species for resources,<br /> enjoyed greater reproductive<br /> success and eventually<br /> replaced them.<br /> http://howstuffworks.com<br /> districts. They grow maize, beans, pumpkins,<br /> coffee, cotton and tobacco. They weave garments,<br /> bado and kuta from the cotton they<br /> grow. They are good businessmen. The<br /> Dassenich farm during the rains and fish on<br /> Lake Turkana in dug-out canoes. Their men<br /> are known for their elaborate hairstyles and<br /> ostrich feather-made head dresses.<br /> The El-Molo is one of smallest communities<br /> in Kenya and at one time were less than<br /> 500. They are fishermen who live on two<br /> islands in the south-western part of Lake<br /> Turkana. They have close ties with pastoralists<br /> such as the Samburu. They fish from their<br /> palm rafts on Lake Turkana. Cattle herding,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 43</div> <div>Art, and Culture culture and Religion<br /> up in 1965 by an idealistic group of East African<br /> artists and art. It is considered one of the<br /> oldest and most important cultural centres in<br /> Black Africa.<br /> From the time Paa ya Paa was established,<br /> the gallery has served as a spiritual oasis for<br /> performing artists, craftsmen and intellectuals<br /> from Africa and the Diaspora.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 120<br /> E-Sir<br /> Born Issah Mmari in<br /> 1981, he was a hip-hop<br /> artiste famous for deft<br /> lyrical ability. He is<br /> regarded as one of the<br /> best rappers to emerge<br /> on the Kenyan hip hop<br /> scene. He came to the<br /> limelight in 2001 when<br /> he released Jo. His<br /> debut album Nimefika<br /> in 2003 was a big hit.<br /> He won four categories<br /> in the 2003 Kisima<br /> Music Awards. E-Sir<br /> died in a road accident<br /> on March 16, 2003 on<br /> his way back from a<br /> concert in Nakuru. His<br /> other hits include Mos<br /> Mos, Boomba Train,<br /> Hamunitishi and Leo<br /> ni Leo. A posthumous<br /> collaboration with<br /> Nameless is called<br /> Maisha.<br /> Others<br /> Other art centres include Ngecha Artists<br /> Association, Mazingira Art Studios and Gallery<br /> of Contemproary East African Art.<br /> Virtual galleries are available online on sites<br /> such as www.kenyalogy.com and www.afroart.com.<br /> Nairobi’s leading restaurants and<br /> meeting places also host regular art exhibitions.<br /> Training<br /> Fine art is taught in public and private<br /> schools in Kenya and the subject is examinable<br /> at secondary school level. Universities<br /> and colleges also offer various courses.<br /> Kenyatta University has a Department of<br /> Fine Art. It is the only institution inKenya that<br /> offers degree courses in Fine Art.<br /> Academic programmes are at diploma,<br /> undergraduate, master’s and PhD levels. The<br /> programmes are in three fields of study — Art<br /> & Design Appreciation and Drawing, 2-D<br /> Design and 3-D Design.<br /> The specific disciplines are art and design<br /> appreciation, painting, printmaking, weaving,<br /> sculpture, ceramics and multi-media crafts.<br /> Nairobi Arts Centre also offers training in<br /> painting and drawing, landscape painting,<br /> botanical drawing and painting and clay pottery.<br /> Shang Tao Media Art College teaches<br /> computer-aided graphics and animations.</div> <div>On Mbagathi and Ngong roads,<br /> works on junction improvement is<br /> on course to decongest Ngong Road<br /> and Haile Sellasie Avenue.<br /> Reconstruction of unidirectional<br /> streets in the Central Business District<br /> is on course. This is an initiative<br /> between the ministry and the City<br /> Council<br /> The street lighting programme on<br /> Mbagathi and Kapenguria roads,<br /> and floodlights in eight slums in the<br /> metropolitan region is going on. The<br /> fire-fighting project entails capacity<br /> building in managing disasters<br /> through the provision of equipment<br /> and training of personnel. Other<br /> activities include spatial development,<br /> waste management, mass<br /> rapid transit and low-cost housing<br /> programmes The core part of the<br /> metropolis experiences the highest<br /> level of immigration, causing high<br /> pressure on the carrying capacity of<br /> physical and social infrastructure.<br /> The most prominent manifestation<br /> of this is persistent traffic congestion<br /> in the city centre.<br /> Previously, this was characteristic<br /> of the rush hour, but now traffic<br /> snarl-ups are noticeable anytime of<br /> the day.<br /> Ultimately, residents make location<br /> decisions not on economic<br /> but traffic situations. As a result, the<br /> region and the country lose about<br /> Sh30 billion ($375 million) daily on<br /> fuel and time and environmental<br /> degradation. Strategies aimed at<br /> sorting out traffic congestion in the<br /> short, medium and long-term are:<br /> One way (uni-direction) streets<br /> Traffic flow is hampered when<br /> movement is in the opposite directions,<br /> particularly at junctions.<br /> Capacity carriageways in the CBD<br /> are stretched and cannot allow<br /> modern designs to accommodate<br /> multi-direction movement. With<br /> minimum adjustments, the following<br /> roads will be converted into oneway<br /> to ease movement:<br /> Moi Avenue<br /> Entry will be from Haile Selassie on<br /> both sides via Kencom and Ambassador<br /> into Murang’a Road and University<br /> Way<br /> Koinange Street<br /> Entry will be from university way<br /> towards Kenyatta Avenue<br /> Tom Mboya Street<br /> Entry will be from the Globe Roundabout<br /> towards Old Nation House<br /> and down to Haile Selassie Avenue<br /> Muindi Mbingu Street<br /> Entry will be from City Hall Annex<br /> across Kenyatta Avenue into University<br /> Way<br /> Harambee Avenue<br /> Entry will be from Uhuru Highway<br /> into Moi Avenue<br /> River Road<br /> Entry will be from Ronald Ngala<br /> Street via Kodja Mosque into Moi<br /> Avenue<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 845</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> Business training<br /> The Kenya Institute of<br /> Business Training (KIBT)<br /> was established in 1966<br /> after a 1965 Government<br /> survey showed that<br /> African entrepreneurs<br /> and managers were few.<br /> Most entrepreneurial and<br /> managerial activities were<br /> the preserve of Europeans<br /> and Asians. KIBT was<br /> established with the help<br /> of the International Labour<br /> Organisation and the UN<br /> Development Programme.<br /> Before 1980, it was known<br /> as the Management<br /> Training and Advisory<br /> Centre and its mandate<br /> was to train and develop<br /> African managers and<br /> entrepreneurs in business<br /> management. But in 1980,<br /> it was renamed KIBT. It is a<br /> department in the Ministry<br /> of Trade.<br /> www.trade.go.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 792<br /> contracting links with SMEs to<br /> foster development of indigenous<br /> companies.<br /> KIE gives loans of between<br /> Sh100,000 ($1,250) and Sh500,000<br /> ($6,250) in the micro-enterprise sector<br /> (jua kali) and up to Sh14 million<br /> ($175,000) for small and medium<br /> enterprises. Interest charges are<br /> lower than those charged by finan-<br /> cial institutions — at 15 per cent a<br /> year.<br /> However, the rates are reviewed<br /> upwards or downwards depending<br /> on market trends. The repayment<br /> period is determined by cash flow<br /> projections of the enterprises and<br /> economic life of the assets financed,<br /> but should not exceed eight years<br /> for small-scale industries and three</div> <div>NATIONAL ANTHEM<br /> Ee Mungu nguvu yetu<br /> Ilete baraka kwetu<br /> Haki iwe ngao na mlinzi<br /> Natukae na undugu<br /> Amani na uhuru<br /> Raha tupate na ustawi.<br /> Amkeni ndugu zetu<br /> Tufanye zote bidii<br /> Nasi tujitoe kwa nguvu<br /> Nchi yetu ya Kenya<br /> Tunayoipenda<br /> Tuwe tayari kuilinda<br /> Natujenge taifa letu<br /> Ee, ndio wajibu wetu<br /> Kenya istahili heshima<br /> Tuungane mikono<br /> Pamoja kazini<br /> Kila siku tuwe na shukrani<br /> O God of all creation<br /> Bless this our land and nation<br /> Justice be our shield and defender<br /> May we dwell in unity<br /> Peace and liberty<br /> Plenty be found within our borders<br /> Let one and all arise<br /> With hearts both strong and true<br /> Service be our earnest endeavour<br /> And our homeland of Kenya<br /> Heritage of splendour<br /> Firm may we stand to defend<br /> Let all with one accord<br /> In common bond united<br /> Build this our nation together<br /> And the glory of Kenya<br /> The fruit of our labour<br /> Fill every heart with thanksgiving.<br /> common characteristics in instrumentation,<br /> rhythms, throbbing kick<br /> drum and guitar work.<br /> Central Benga<br /> Key musicians are Joseph Kamaru,<br /> Queen Jane (who died in June<br /> 2010), Kamande wa Kioi, JB Maina,<br /> Musaimo, Lady Wanja, John<br /> Demethew, John Kariuki, Peter<br /> Kigia and CDM Kiratu.<br /> Eastern Benga<br /> The stars of the genre are Newton<br /> Karish, Ken wa Maria, Mananja<br /> Boys Band, Bosco Mulwa and Yatta<br /> Boys Band.<br /> Western ‘Benga’<br /> The musicians and music groupos<br /> in this group are Princess Jully, Dolla<br /> Kabary and Super Haki Haki Band,<br /> Ochieng Nelly, Alouch Jamaranda,<br /> Sukuma bin Ongaro, Phonetex<br /> Band and Victoria B Kings. Others<br /> are Sungusia Band, Tubalal Sang<br /> and Kalenjin Sisters.<br /> Genge<br /> Young musicians from Nairobi’s<br /> California Estate in Eastlands have<br /> championed this genre. ‘Genge’<br /> means ‘music for the masses’. It<br /> was founded by Producer Clement<br /> Rapudo and his childhood friends,<br /> now well-known musicians Jua Cali<br /> (Paul Nunda) and Nonini (Herbert<br /> Nakitare). The genre is characterised<br /> by heavy beats and rapping.<br /> Other top musicians are Pilipili,<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 131</div> <div>formal hotels to informal holiday rental<br /> houses and cottages, game lodges and<br /> reserves, guest houses, youth hostels and<br /> bed-and-breakfast establishments.<br /> A variety of promotional material on Kenya<br /> is available. Comprehensive guides and maps<br /> cover all regions and aspects of interest to<br /> tourists, including accommodation.<br /> Transport<br /> Kenya’s transport infrastructure — airlines,<br /> railways, roads, luxury touring buses , trains<br /> and car hire vehicles — is reliable and it is<br /> easy for tourists to travel comfortably and<br /> quickly from one part of the country to<br /> another.<br /> A number of international airlines, including<br /> British Airways, Kenya Airways and KLM,<br /> operate regular scheduled flights to and<br /> from Kenya. Several domestic airlines operate<br /> within the country. There are also trains<br /> (selected routes), buses and shuttle services<br /> to all parts of the country.<br /> Jomo Kenyatta International Airport is a<br /> 20-minute drive from the Nairobi city centre.<br /> Taxis are readily available, including Statecontrolled<br /> KENATCO and London-style cabs,<br /> which work on a fixed rate and charge per<br /> kilometre travelled. However, most tourist<br /> hotels have minibus transport, which can be<br /> arranged at the reception.<br /> Mombasa’s Moi International Airport is on<br /> the Kenyan coast near Mombasa port city.<br /> Allow an extra half an hour on your journey<br /> to the south coast because of the Likoni Ferry<br /> crossing. Most international visitors will<br /> arrive through Jomo Kenyatta International<br /> Airport (JKIA) in Nairobi.<br /> Kenya Airways (KQ) offers scheduled connections<br /> from JKIA and regular daily flights<br /> to Mombasa, Malindi, Lamu and Kisumu. A<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 997</div> <div>Bus business<br /> Kenya has about 25,000<br /> matatus (mini-buses),<br /> which constitute the bulk<br /> of the public transport<br /> system. The Kenya Bus<br /> Services has reduced the<br /> number of buses in operation<br /> after financial difficulties.<br /> The Akamba Public<br /> Road Services, a private<br /> company which runs the<br /> Akamba Bus Service, operates<br /> day and night bus and<br /> courier services to western<br /> Kenya, Rift Valley, Mombasa,<br /> Kampala (Uganda) and<br /> Mwanza (Tanzania). A new<br /> service has been started<br /> from Kisumu to Kigali in<br /> Rwanda. During the 2010<br /> World Cup bonanza in<br /> South Africa, the company<br /> operated a service that<br /> ferried football fans to the<br /> tournament. Other bus<br /> companies include Coast<br /> Bus, Modern Coast, Easy<br /> Coach, MASH and Crown<br /> Bus. Other firms offer<br /> inter-city services — Eldoret<br /> Express, Kalita Coaches<br /> and Palmdam.<br /> Anglophone countries in West<br /> Africa also train their staff at the<br /> institution. In partnership with<br /> ICAO security experts, EASA offers<br /> comprehensive training in aviation<br /> security.<br /> Railway Training Institute<br /> It was established in 1956 to develop<br /> human resources for the then East<br /> Africa Railways & Harbours. In<br /> 1988, it was upgraded to the Railway<br /> Training Institute, offering certificate<br /> and diploma courses. Fully owned<br /> by the Kenya Railways Corporation,<br /> wikipedia.org/transport in kenya<br /> the institute now teaches commercial<br /> training programmes.<br /> The institute may double its<br /> enrolment after opening a campus<br /> in the city centre. With the concessioning<br /> of the Kenya Railways, it has<br /> become necessary that the institute<br /> rethinks its vision and become<br /> competitive in the market. Towards<br /> this end, it has developed a five-year<br /> strategic plan (2007-2011) and a<br /> Service Charter on its new mandate.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 639</div> <div>Economy, Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 208<br /> calculated manually, were paid in<br /> August 2006. Arrears for between<br /> July 2005 and June 2006 were also<br /> paid. If a pensioner died, leaving<br /> more than one spouse, the new<br /> pension was divided equally among<br /> spouses.<br /> Pensioners whose five-year<br /> dependant pension ceased between<br /> July 2005 and May 2006 were paid<br /> increase arrears. Those whose<br /> dependant pension ceased in June<br /> and July 2006 were also paid the<br /> increase.<br /> In addition, a pension increase at<br /> the average inflation rate capped at<br /> a maximum of 3 per cent is granted<br /> every two years. Future pension<br /> increase is now guaranteed as the<br /> Government has set a precedent<br /> because the 3 per cent biennial<br /> increase is in the law.<br /> Registered Pension Administrators<br /> ■ Aon Minet Insurance Broker<br /> ■ Alexander Forbes Financial Services<br /> (East Africa)<br /> ■ Apollo Insurance Company<br /> ■ British American Insurance<br /> Company<br /> ■ CFC Life Assurance<br /> ■ Chancery Wright Insurance<br /> Brokers<br /> ■ Cooperative Bank of Kenya Eagle<br /> Africa Insurance Brokers Kenya<br /> ■ Heritage Insurance Company<br /> ■ ICEA Trustee Services<br /> ■ Jubilee Insurance<br /> ■ Kenindia Assurance Company<br /> ■ Kingsland Court Trusts and Benefits<br /> Services<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Liaison Financial Services<br /> Madison Insurance Company<br /> Kenya<br /> Mercantile Insurance Company<br /> Octagon Pension Services<br /> Pacific Insurance Brokers (EA)<br /> Pan Africa Life Assurance Roberts<br /> Insurance Brokers<br /> Sapon Insurance Brokers<br /> UAP Provincial Insurance Company<br /> Zimele Asset Management Company<br /> Registered pension custodians<br /> ■ Barclays Bank of Kenya<br /> ■ Cooperative Bank of Kenya<br /> ■ Equatorial Commercial Bank<br /> ■ Kenya Commercial Bank<br /> ■ NIC Bank<br /> ■ Stanbic Bank Kenya<br /> ■ Registered fund managers<br /> ■ African Alliance Kenya<br /> ■ AIG Global Investment Company<br /> (East Africa) Amana Capital<br /> ■ British American Asset Managers<br /> ■ CFC Financial Services<br /> ■ Co-op Trust Investment Services<br /> ■ Genesis Kenya Investment Management<br /> ■ ICEA Asset Management<br /> ■ Jubilee Financial Services<br /> ■ Kenindia Asset Management<br /> Company<br /> ■ Madison Asset Management<br /> Services<br /> ■ Old Mutual Asset Managers (EA)<br /> ■ Old Mutual Asset Managers<br /> (Kenya)<br /> ■</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 258<br /> (Lake Station). In 1961, the Kenya<br /> Broadcasting Corporation (KBC)<br /> was formed to take over broadcasting<br /> services from the Governmentcontrolled<br /> KBS. A year later, television<br /> was introduced, mostly targeting<br /> the Europeans.<br /> On July 1 1964, KBC became<br /> Voice of Kenya through an Act of<br /> Parliament. The station would relay<br /> broadcasts from other parts of the<br /> world, including news and features<br /> as well as entertainment content.<br /> At the time, television was still the<br /> preserve of a select few — the white<br /> settler community and privileged<br /> Asians and Africans who owned<br /> sets.<br /> VOK opened a TV station in<br /> Mombasa in 1970. It aired local<br /> drama, music and cultural programmes.<br /> The Government closely<br /> monitored radio and television<br /> broadcasts, with transmissions<br /> focusing on educational features<br /> and not entertainment.<br /> During the tenure of Kenya’s<br /> second President, Daniel Moi, VOK<br /> graduated to the more familiar<br /> mix of entertainment and informa-</div> <div>Cooperatives and Marketing<br /> Githunguri Dairy<br /> Farmers Cooperative<br /> It is a farmer’s movement<br /> started in 1961<br /> with 31 smallholder<br /> dairy farmers in Kiambu,<br /> 50km from Nairobi.<br /> It was formed to help<br /> dairy farmers to market<br /> milk. It started with<br /> one collection centre,<br /> but now has 58 fully<br /> computerised ones. The<br /> cooperative has 17,000<br /> members and an annual<br /> turn over of Sh3 billion<br /> ($40 million) and an<br /> about 170,000 litres of<br /> milk a day. In 2004, the<br /> society commissioned<br /> a milk processing plant.<br /> The dairy’s products<br /> are Fresha Whole Milk,<br /> yoghurt, butter, ghee,<br /> cream and lala.<br /> www.fresha.co.ke<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 728<br /> accounting, management, internal<br /> audit and IT facilities.<br /> Members of the union are savings<br /> and credit cooperative societies. To<br /> join, a registered sacco submits a<br /> copy of the general meeting resolution<br /> authorising the application. Payment<br /> for at least 100 union shares,<br /> affiliation fees and annual subscription<br /> for year. Payment for 30 shares<br /> may be paid in the first instance and<br /> the balance within one year.<br /> KPCU<br /> Coffee was first introduced to Kenya<br /> in 1893. With time, coffee farmers,<br /> the white settlers, set up umbrella<br /> institutions that would offer essential<br /> services critical in sustaining coffee<br /> production. To share coffee production<br /> overheads, the smallholder<br /> Africa Coffee Farmers formed coffee<br /> growers co-operative societies,<br /> which later led to the formation of<br /> Kenya Planters’ Co-operative Union<br /> (KPCU) Ltd in 1937 at Ruiru.<br /> It was a stockist company that<br /> cheaply bought essential agricultural<br /> inputs such as fertilisers,<br /> chemicals, tools and machinery in<br /> bulk. They were then resold to the<br /> farmers on credit and at affordable</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 262<br /> hold names. They dealt with social<br /> issues that were of interest to the<br /> emerging middle class. The titles are<br /> back after a long while, published<br /> by a South African company. But in<br /> 2010, the company left Kenya and a<br /> local proprietor has taken over.<br /> In the 1980s, the Weekly Review<br /> was the most popular political analysis<br /> magazine. It covered political<br /> and business issues without pulling<br /> any punches. As one of the magazines<br /> with the longest lifespans in<br /> the country, the Weekly Review was<br /> widely read. It has since folded.<br /> In the 1990s, the magazine business<br /> grew and many titles, ranging<br /> from the professional to the sectorbased,<br /> joined the newsstands. Magazines<br /> such as Telecoms, PC World,<br /> Computer Week, Market Intelligence<br /> and Homes Kenya were some of<br /> the more known titles. Publications<br /> such the Lawyer or the Accountant<br /> for the legal and accounting professions<br /> emerged and are still going<br /> strong. Local publishing houses<br /> such as Oakland Media shot to<br /> prominence and published a range<br /> of titles: Eve on women’s issues,<br /> Kenya Farmer, the Marketing Society’s<br /> journal Sokoni and The Architect.<br /> The company also won several<br /> contracts to publish in-house publications<br /> for companies and Government<br /> agencies. The company later<br /> folded up. Media7 Group publishes<br /> six specialised magazines: Motor<br /> Monthly, Lifestyle, HM, Business<br /> Monthly, Mum and Dad and Her.<br /> Capital FM also ventured into the<br /> Rural Press<br /> It plays an important<br /> role in disseminating<br /> news and information.<br /> The rural Press initiative<br /> was born after the<br /> realisation that information<br /> was not reaching<br /> the rural populace. The<br /> Rural Press Extension<br /> Project was started by<br /> the Government and<br /> UNESCO in 1974. A pilot<br /> project started under<br /> the Department of Social<br /> Services in Meru and<br /> Vihiga. Eleven rural Press<br /> stations were started —<br /> Sauti ya Pwani (Coast),<br /> Sauti ya Kericho (Kericho,<br /> Bureti and Bomet),<br /> Sauti ya Gusii (Kisii,<br /> Nyamira and Gucha),<br /> Nyota ya Magharibi<br /> (Western), Nyota ya<br /> Mashariki (Eastern),<br /> Maarifa (Central), Nuru<br /> (Upper Eastern), Ngao<br /> (Rift Valley), Jicho<br /> (Nyanza) and Habari<br /> (North Eastern).<br /> www.kenyanewsagency.go.ke<br /> magazine business with the launch<br /> of QZ, a publication that focuses on<br /> the young generation.<br /> Most magazines in the market are<br /> monthlies. The weekly editions of<br /> the 1980s and early 1990s bowed<br /> to the pressure of new competing<br /> media such as television, alternative<br /> Press, stronger newspapers and<br /> the Internet. According to recent<br /> Target Group Index (TGI) research,<br /> the last two years have seen overall<br /> growth in the variety of titles dealing<br /> with health, sports, travel, lifestyle,<br /> management and financial issues.</div> <div>Energy 17<br /> Kenya Vision 2030 recognises energy as a development<br /> enabler — KPLC has 1.2 million customers, while 200,000<br /> are connected to the electricity grid every year. Oil and gas<br /> exploration is in high gear and use of LPG is being promoted<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 663</div> <div>The first computer<br /> Electronic Numerical Integrator<br /> and Computer (ENIAC)<br /> was the first electronic computer.<br /> When it was unveiled<br /> on February 14, 1946, it<br /> boasted speed 1,000 times<br /> faster than electro-mechanical<br /> machines. The design<br /> and construction were<br /> financed by the US army.<br /> The contract was signed<br /> on June 5, 1943, and work<br /> began at the University of<br /> Pennsylvania’s Moore School<br /> of Electrical Engineering. It<br /> cost about $500,000 ($6<br /> million in 2008). ENIAC was<br /> shut down on November 9,<br /> 1946 for memory upgrade<br /> and transferred to Aberdeen<br /> Proving Ground, Maryland,<br /> in 1947. On July 29, 1947, it<br /> was turned on and operated<br /> until October 2, 1955. ENIAC<br /> was conceived and designed<br /> by John Mauchly and J Presper<br /> Eckert of the University<br /> of Pennsylvania.<br /> Internet content — and to transform a single<br /> analogue signal into eight corresponding<br /> channels on a digital network. It also means<br /> broadcasters must get more content for their<br /> stations.<br /> Many have heavily invested in analogue<br /> transmission equipment. The shift will mean<br /> new spending on digital towers. Traditional<br /> broadcasters have to channel signals through<br /> a single broadcaster — KBC 1 . This consolidation<br /> will make the industry focus on its<br /> core business of providing content, and not<br /> 1 Report from the Task Force on Migration of<br /> Terrestrial Television From Analogue To Digital<br /> Broadcasting In Kenya<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 241</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 758<br /> Business made easier<br /> Kenya is the gateway to eastern and<br /> Central Africa. It is a regional hub for<br /> investment and commerce. Enormous<br /> business opportunities await<br /> investors. Investing in Kenya has<br /> been made easier. The country has<br /> signed tax treaties and investment<br /> promotion and protection agreements.<br /> Exports from Kenya enjoy<br /> preferential access to world markets<br /> under special duty reduction.<br /> Factors that favour local and foreign<br /> investment are political stability,<br /> stable macro-economic policies,<br /> competitive incentives, guarantees<br /> to investors and preferential market<br /> access. Others are a friendly tax<br /> system, developed human resource<br /> and good infrastructure.<br /> Since the early 1990s, the Government<br /> has set up various schemes to<br /> encourage investment. They offer<br /> fiscal and infrastructural benefits<br /> to the business community. The<br /> Government continues to improve<br /> the investment environment. Some<br /> of the policy initiatives include liberalisation<br /> of exchange controls to<br /> make them market-driven, removal<br /> of price controls, abolition of import<br /> licensing except for products that<br /> relate to national security, health<br /> and environment.<br /> Others are the opening up capital<br /> markets to foreign participation,<br /> generous investment and capital<br /> allowance, remission of duty and<br /> VAT, manufacture under bond status,<br /> export processing zone<br /> Licensing reforms<br /> A new law, the Investment Promotion<br /> Act, came into force in 2005 to:<br /> Promote and facilitate investment<br /> by assisting investors to get the necessary<br /> licences and providing incentives.<br /> Recently, the Government set<br /> up a taskforce to consult the public<br /> on business licensing reforms on the<br /> more than 1,300 licences in Kenya.<br /> The licences have affected the<br /> growth and competitiveness of the<br /> private sector. The Government<br /> plans to delete many or simplify<br /> the licences. This will make the<br /> licensing regime simpler and more<br /> transparent and focus on legitimate<br /> regulatory purposes. A committee<br /> has completed the first phase of the<br /> licensing reforms, which included<br /> the review of 86 licences.<br /> The Government eliminated 35<br /> licences and simplified four, excluding<br /> the double counting out of<br /> simplification and consolidation of<br /> licenses. The committee will apply<br /> the guillotine strategy to the remaining<br /> licences. The team is required to<br /> review 514 licences and establish a<br /> permanent electronic registry at the<br /> Attorney-General’s office.<br /> Foreign trade<br /> Key international trade indicators<br /> include merchandise trade balance,<br /> terms and volume of trade, current<br /> account balance and overall balance<br /> of payments position.<br /> In 2009, the trade deficit widened<br /> from Sh425.7 billion ($5.32) in 2008<br /> to Sh443.1 billion ($5.53 billion). In</div> <div>It seeks to increase public awareness<br /> on the needs, aspirations and<br /> capacity of people with disabilities.<br /> The aim is to enhance their acceptance,<br /> participation and integration<br /> into society at the family, school and<br /> community levels.<br /> Public education will convey<br /> messages that people with disabilities<br /> have equal rights and<br /> obligations like other citizens. It<br /> would also enhance rehabilitation<br /> programmes, facilities, services<br /> and strategies to accommodate the<br /> needs of children and adults with<br /> disabilities.<br /> Gender Affairs<br /> Kenya promotes gender equality<br /> and women empowerment as an<br /> effective way of combating poverty,<br /> hunger and disease and stimulating<br /> development.<br /> Boosting gender issues is the Millennium<br /> Development Goal number<br /> three.<br /> Regionally, the African Union<br /> Gender Policy recognises that<br /> despite significant progress made in<br /> advancing gender equality, the gap<br /> is still wide.<br /> This is reflected in inequitable<br /> allocation of resources, unequal<br /> participation in decision-making,<br /> including peace processes, gender<br /> violence and harmful practices on<br /> women, denying them a chance to<br /> enjoy their human rights.<br /> Perhaps the biggest challenge<br /> facing Kenya today is how to create<br /> an enabling environment for gender<br /> equality. Further, there is need to<br /> translate commitment into action<br /> using concrete strategies to eliminate<br /> persistent gender inequalities,<br /> and recognise the roles of women<br /> and men in development.<br /> The Division of Gender is charged<br /> with the responsibility of improving<br /> the efficiency and effective integration<br /> of policy formulation, planning<br /> and implementation.<br /> It promotes equality among men,<br /> women, boys and girls, and serves<br /> individuals, Government ministries<br /> and parastatals, NGOs and learning<br /> institutions.<br /> Its objectives are to promote gender<br /> and women’s empowerment in<br /> national development and to engender<br /> the national budget, coordinate<br /> the development, review and implementation<br /> of gender responsive<br /> policies and programmes and promote<br /> women’s rights and economic<br /> empowerment.<br /> It also identifies interventions for<br /> the reduction of sexual and gender<br /> violence and generates sex data<br /> to guide policy and programme<br /> intervention and supervises and<br /> monitors the implementation of the<br /> Women’s Enterprise Fund<br /> The division, in collaboration with<br /> stakeholders, has developed a manual<br /> to train officials in ministries and<br /> State corporations on gender issues,<br /> organisational structures, development<br /> of policy and allocation of<br /> resources for gender issues.<br /> About 100 officials are targeted in<br /> the initial training plan.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 933</div> <div>■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Sanlam Investment Management<br /> Kenya<br /> Stanbic Investment Management<br /> Services (East Africa)<br /> Zimele Asset Managers<br /> Registered individual pension plan<br /> providers<br /> ■ Amana Personal Pension Plan<br /> ■ Alexander Forbes<br /> ■ Vuna Pension Plan<br /> ■ Apollo Insurance Company Individual<br /> Pension Arrangement<br /> ■ Blue Shield Personal Pension<br /> Plan<br /> ■ British American Personal Pension<br /> Plan<br /> ■ British American Provident Fund<br /> ■ CFC Life Assurance Individual<br /> Provident Fund Scheme<br /> ■ CFC Life Individual Pension Plan<br /> ■ CIC Pension Plan<br /> ■ ICEA Individual Retirement Benefits<br /> Scheme<br /> ■ Jubilee Insurance Company Personal<br /> Pension Plan<br /> ■ Kenindia Assurance Company<br /> Table 2: Consumption (Current prices in millions)<br /> Private<br /> Consumption<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Personal Pension Plan<br /> Kenyan Alliance Insurance<br /> Company Individual Retirement<br /> Benefits Scheme<br /> Madison Insurance Personal<br /> Pension Plan<br /> Octagon Personal Pension<br /> Scheme<br /> Pan Africa Life Personal Pension<br /> Plan<br /> Pioneer Assurance Company<br /> Personal Pension<br /> The Heritage AII Company<br /> Individual Retirement Benefits<br /> Scheme<br /> The Monarch Personal Pension<br /> Plan<br /> UAP Provincial Insurance Company<br /> Ltd<br /> Zimele Personal Pension Plan<br /> Inflation<br /> The monetary objective of the Treasury<br /> and Central Bank is to keep<br /> inflation low and stable, with a core<br /> inflation target of five per cent.<br /> Over the past five years, the Gov-<br /> 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008<br /> Food & beverages 409,159 443,869 496,673 560,053 615,681 704,863<br /> Clothing & footwear 37,200 32,808 35,505 37,432 43,250 44,425<br /> Housing 66,832 74,800 87,623 102,675 111,640 120,376<br /> All other goods 115,264 126,394 124,359 144,428 169,910 192,201<br /> All other services 291,240 342,265 386,450 446,188 529,758 577,555<br /> Direct purchases<br /> abroad<br /> 3,456 4,609 5,284 8,016 11,170 10,150<br /> Less purchase by nonresidents<br /> -50,330 -62,772 -69,423 -81,157 -95,575 -76,809<br /> Total 872,821 961,974 1,066,471 1,217,635 1,385,833 1,572,761<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 209</div> <div>two years later. The Tokyo event welcomed<br /> to the global stage Moses Kiptanui, arguably<br /> the finest steeplechaser ever. He collected the<br /> first of three successive world titles in 1993<br /> and 1995 Gothenburg to become Kenya’s<br /> only triple world champion.<br /> Also in Tokyo, Susan Sirma entered the<br /> record books as the first Kenyan woman to<br /> win a medal (a bronze) at the World Championships<br /> in the 5,000m as Yobes Ondieki won<br /> the country the first of four successive gold<br /> medals in the men’s event.<br /> The men’s 4 X 400m quartet of Kennedy<br /> Ochieng, Simeon Kipkemboi, Abednigo<br /> Matilu and the late Samson Kitur won silver<br /> behind the US at the 1993 event and remains<br /> the only Kenyan relay team to scoop a World<br /> Championships medal. Kitur also won<br /> bronze in the men’s 400m final. At the same<br /> event, Paul Ruto sealed Kenya’s third successive<br /> men’s 800m world title.<br /> A primary school pupil, Sally Barsosio,<br /> then aged 15 and 182 days, won the women’s<br /> 10,000m bronze and become the youngest<br /> ever medal winner in the competition’s history.<br /> Ismael Kirui succeeded Ondieki as the<br /> 5,000m titleholder.<br /> At the 1995 Gothenburg games, Kirui<br /> retained the 5,000m world title, while future<br /> distance running greats — Paul Tergat and<br /> Tegla Loroupe — won bronze medals in the<br /> men and women’s 10,000m races respectively.<br /> Daniel Komen took over the men’s 5,000m<br /> gold from Kirui as Wilson Kipketer denied<br /> Kiptanui a fourth steeplechase world title at<br /> the 1997 Athens games. Kiptanui won silver<br /> in 8:06.04, the same time given to bronze winner<br /> Bernard Barmasai in a frenetic finish with<br /> Kenya completing her first podium sweep.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1079</div> <div>Star in Italy<br /> McDonald Mariga, who<br /> plays for Italian Serie A<br /> club Inter Milan, was<br /> born in 1987. He made<br /> history as the first<br /> Kenyan to play in the<br /> UEFA Champions League<br /> in 2010. On February 1<br /> 2010, the last day of the<br /> transfer window, Mariga<br /> moved from Parma to<br /> Inter though he had<br /> wanted Manchester<br /> City. But a work permit<br /> was turned down by<br /> the FA. Mariga scored<br /> his first goal for Inter on<br /> April 24, 2010 against<br /> Atalanta when he netted<br /> Samuel Eto’s back pass<br /> into the roof of the net.<br /> Inter won the match 3–1.<br /> Mariga started his career<br /> at Ulinzi Stars, Tusker FC<br /> and Pipeline FC while at<br /> Kamukunji High Nairobi.<br /> The central midfielder<br /> went to Sweden in<br /> 2005 to play for third<br /> Division side Enköpings<br /> SK. After one season,<br /> he signed for Helsingborgs.<br /> Mariga moved to<br /> Parma on loan in 2007.<br /> Mariga played 35 times<br /> for Parma in Serie B in<br /> the 2008–2009 season,<br /> scoring three times to<br /> help them back to Serie<br /> A for 2009–2010.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1091</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1100<br /> Legend in the making<br /> Samuel Kamau Wanjiru<br /> was born in 1986 in<br /> Nyahururu. The athlete<br /> became a professional at a<br /> young age and specialises<br /> in long distance running.<br /> At 18, he broke the world<br /> record in the half marathon,<br /> erasing. In 2007, he broke<br /> the 20km road running<br /> record and improved the<br /> half-marathon record by<br /> more than 20 seconds.<br /> He erased Ethiopia’s Haile<br /> Gebrselassie records in the<br /> two races.<br /> He moved up to the full<br /> marathon and won at the<br /> 2008 Beijing Olympics in<br /> record time of 2:06:32. He<br /> is the first Kenyan to win<br /> the Olympic gold in the<br /> marathon. In 2009, he won<br /> the London and Chicago<br /> marathons, running the<br /> fastest ever recorded in the<br /> UK and US. Wanjiru started<br /> running at the age of 15.<br /> In 2002, he moved to a<br /> high school in Japan and<br /> had major successes in the<br /> Japanese cross country circuit<br /> — he won the Fukuoka<br /> International Cross Country<br /> in 2003 and Fukuoka and<br /> Chiba in 2004 and 2005.<br /> At 18, Wanjiru broke the<br /> half-marathon world record<br /> in the Rotterdam Half<br /> Marathon, beating Paul<br /> Tergat’s. He won the 2008<br /> Kenya Sportsman of the<br /> Year Award.<br /> nity for all. The Olympic Creed is: The most<br /> important thing in the Olympic Games is<br /> not to win but to take part, just as the most<br /> important thing in life is not the triumph but<br /> the struggle. The essential thing is not to have<br /> conquered, but to have fought well.<br /> Football<br /> British colonialists introduced football in<br /> Kenya at the beginning of the 20th Century.<br /> By the 1940s and 1950s, the game had taken<br /> root. The national team took part in the Gossage<br /> Cup, which pitted it against Tanzania<br /> and Uganda. Among the stalwarts of the<br /> 1940s and 1950s were Shem Chimoto, Elijah<br /> Lidonde and Peter Oronge.<br /> Clubs competed in the Remington Cup<br /> organised by the Football Association (FA),<br /> the then supreme soccer body. Teams from<br /> Coast Province, in particular Mwenge and<br /> Feisal, dominated the local scene, producing<br /> classy players like Kadir Farah, Ahmed Breik,<br /> Ali Sungura and Ali Kadjo. No teams were<br /> drawn from Nyanza, Western, Central and<br /> Eastern provinces until later.<br /> The idea to start a national league was<br /> mooted at a meeting at Nairobi’s Railways<br /> Club and attended by football leaders in the<br /> early 1960s. It was attended by Jimmy McFarnell<br /> (convener), Isaac Lugonzo, Williams<br /> Ngaah and Tony Pinto, among others. A committee,<br /> headed by Lugonzo as founder-chairman<br /> and Pinto as secretary, was formed to<br /> work out the logistics of running the league.<br /> It started with four matches — two in Nairobi<br /> and two in Mombasa. The legendary<br /> Joe Kadenge, who turned out for Maragoli<br /> United, scored the fastest goal of the league.<br /> Nakuru All-Stars, coached by Ray Bachelor,<br /> Rift Valley provincial sports officer, won<br /> the first league title. Luo Union, inspired</div> <div>Class H (Investor)<br /> • Bank statement and audited<br /> report in case of renewal<br /> • Copy of passport<br /> • Letter to the Permanent Secretary<br /> explaining the purpose of<br /> the permit<br /> • Certificate of incorporation,<br /> articles of association and memorandum<br /> • PIN<br /> • Title deed or lease agreement of<br /> the premises<br /> • Copy of tourism licence of the<br /> establishment<br /> Special Pass (90 days)<br /> It is for foreigners. A letter addressed<br /> to the PS explaining the purpose<br /> of the special pass, CV and<br /> professional certificates and copies<br /> of passport and tourism licence are<br /> required.<br /> Tourism Trust Fund (TTF)<br /> It is a joint initiative of the European<br /> Union and the Government of<br /> Kenya. It was established in 2001<br /> to diversify tourism products and<br /> support new and existing projects<br /> and initiatives, create a good environment<br /> for tourism development<br /> and boost product quality. This<br /> involves identifying, supporting<br /> and funding community tourism<br /> projects. In the last three years, TTF<br /> has funded eco-lodges and camps,<br /> tourism management plans, cooperative<br /> projects between wildlife<br /> conservationists and communities,<br /> handicraft workshops and cultural<br /> centres. It is estimated that more<br /> than Sh300 million has been distributed<br /> to community projects in various<br /> parts of Kenya. The funds have<br /> been used to develop and upgrade<br /> lodge facilities, conserve and protect<br /> local flora and fauna and develop<br /> new activities and experiences for<br /> tourists. The funding has also been<br /> used to develop tourism plans for<br /> Amboseli, Tsavo and Samburu<br /> national parks and Tana River Delta<br /> and western Kenya.<br /> TTF manages two programmes —<br /> the Tourism Diversification and Sustainable<br /> Development Programme<br /> (TDSDP) and the Tourism Institutional<br /> Strengthening and Market<br /> Promotion Programme (TISMPP).<br /> TDSDP is designed to diversify<br /> tourism products by supporting<br /> new and existing ventures, projects<br /> and initiatives. It aims to create an<br /> enabling environment for tourism<br /> development and to enhance<br /> product quality, sustainability and<br /> market acceptability.<br /> TISMPP aims at establishing a<br /> base for repositioning Kenya as<br /> a tourist destination. The focus is<br /> to provide resources to support<br /> regional and international marketing<br /> of the destination, primarily by<br /> the Kenya Tourist Board. Product<br /> diversification is aimed at boosting<br /> Kenya’s traditional beach and<br /> wildlife safaris with new ones such<br /> as cultural tourism, agri-tourism and<br /> landscape tourism, among others.<br /> A board oversees the implementation<br /> of the two programmes. It has<br /> a representative from:<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1033</div> <div>authorities and UN-HABITAT. It<br /> is coordinated through the Inter-<br /> Agency Steering<br /> Committee (IASC), which is<br /> the supreme organ comprising<br /> accounting officers of relevant ministries,<br /> local authorities, HABITAT<br /> and development partners.<br /> The IASC gives policy direction<br /> and reports to President Kibaki, who<br /> is the patron of the programme. This<br /> brings it to the centre of national<br /> decision-making and provides an<br /> opportunity for fundraising. The<br /> ministries involved are Housing,<br /> Provincial Administration, Finance,<br /> Lands, Information & Communication,<br /> Local Government, Roads,<br /> Public Works, Planning, Industrialisation,<br /> Health and Water and Irrigation<br /> and<br /> The Inter-Agency Coordinating<br /> Committee (IACC) is the intermediary<br /> between the Kenya Slum<br /> Upgrading Programme (KENSUP)<br /> and IASC. It provides a mechanism<br /> for coordination and monitoring<br /> inputs in slum upgrading. In itself,<br /> IACC is a repository of skills and<br /> experience in various technical<br /> areas and policy. IACC includes<br /> NGOs and civil society, providing an<br /> opportunity to tap skills and experience<br /> of other parties.<br /> The KENSUP secretariat is the<br /> nucleus for coordination, building<br /> capacity for local authorities<br /> and local actors and information<br /> management. It has a programme<br /> coordinator and 12 officials, six seconded<br /> from other ministries.<br /> Project units have been established<br /> in local authorities to facilitate<br /> the formation of Settlements Project<br /> Implementation Units, co-ordinate<br /> their work, help plan, design and<br /> construct facilities and provide<br /> technical, logistical and resource<br /> support.<br /> Settlements projects link the<br /> programme secretariat and the<br /> community. They mobilise actors<br /> and coordinate their activities at the<br /> settlement level. The Settlement<br /> Executive Committee’s main role is<br /> to act as the link between the Programme<br /> Implementation Unit and<br /> settlement community.<br /> A stakeholders’ support group<br /> comprises representatives of<br /> development partners, civil society,<br /> Government, local authorities and<br /> communities. It is a set up for programme<br /> review and feedback. It is<br /> an ideal forum for fundraising and<br /> partnership participation.<br /> A slum upgrading programme<br /> fund has been established as a key<br /> element in the agreement between<br /> the Government and HABITAT. It<br /> is a central depository of financial<br /> resources from donors, CBOs, the<br /> private sector and Government. It is<br /> run by a board whose members are<br /> from the public and private sectors,<br /> and donors.<br /> Programme components<br /> The components are:<br /> • Community mobilisation, organisation<br /> and participation<br /> • Preparation of development and<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 657</div> <div>GSU Training School<br /> It has four wings. Trainees are put<br /> through immense police and paramilitary<br /> courses — field craft and<br /> minor tactics, skill at arms, map<br /> reading, foot and arms drill, practical<br /> police theory, liberal studies, communication,<br /> command and leadership,<br /> first aid and hygiene, physical<br /> training, instructional techniques<br /> and anti-riot drills.<br /> The main wings are: Senior Training,<br /> Junior Training, Curriculum<br /> Development and Evaluation and<br /> Administrative. Courses offered at<br /> the school are: Initial recruits course,<br /> section commanders course, platoon<br /> sergeant, senior sergeant and<br /> platoon commanders courses.<br /> Others are company commanders,<br /> taekwondo, judo, company and<br /> computer courses.<br /> The school has a training camp in<br /> Magadi. The Magadi Field Training<br /> Camp was established in 1980. It is<br /> about 120km south-west of Nairobi.<br /> The camp deals mainly with practical<br /> work and lessons.<br /> Anti-Stock Theft Unit<br /> When Kenya got independence in<br /> 1963, livestock theft was a problem<br /> in some areas. Police divisions<br /> in Kericho, Nakuru, Eldoret,<br /> Laikipia, Kajiado and Kiambu had<br /> established Anti-Stock Theft Unit<br /> stations at to curb the menace.<br /> The unit was formed in September<br /> 1965. The personnel operated<br /> from the 5th Kenya Rifle Barracks<br /> in Gilgil previously occupied by the<br /> British army. The Unit moved to its<br /> present location after the farm was<br /> bought from a dairy settler farmer<br /> in 1970. The unit’s functions are to:<br /> Investigate and prosecute stock<br /> theft cases<br /> Act as a support unit to other Provinces<br /> and Formations<br /> Breeding police horses and camels<br /> Training riders and horses<br /> Patrolling urban and settled areas<br /> Covering State functions<br /> Crowd control<br /> Display during ASK shows.<br /> The Mounted Unit has three<br /> platoons — two at the Mounted<br /> headquarters in Gilgil and the third<br /> in Nairobi.<br /> CID<br /> The Criminal Investigation Department<br /> largely operates as a compact<br /> unit in crime investigation, especially<br /> murder, robbery and drug trafficking.<br /> However, and where need<br /> arises, they can be called upon to<br /> form temporary sub-units to tackle<br /> specific crimes.<br /> The CID came into being in 1926.<br /> The duties and responsibilities were<br /> delegated to a cadre of European,<br /> Asiatic and African personnel, but<br /> who lacked the skills and ability to<br /> effectively handle important cases.<br /> In the same year, the Criminal<br /> Intelligence Unit was established to<br /> collect, tabulate and record the history<br /> and data of criminals, undesirable<br /> and suspicious persons. Then,<br /> the CID comprised the Intelligence,<br /> Crime and Passport and Immigra-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 411</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> aged to prepare strategic plans into<br /> which LASDAP and performance<br /> contracts are integrated.<br /> The Kenya Local Government<br /> Reform Programme (KLGRP)<br /> commissioned a customer survey<br /> to measure satisfaction with the<br /> Ministry of Local Government and<br /> identify how performance can be<br /> improved. The survey was completed<br /> in May 2007 and presented<br /> to the ministry for implementation.<br /> A follow up survey is being implemented<br /> to measure improvement in<br /> customer perceptions.<br /> Budget day<br /> KLGRP developed the concept of a<br /> LA Budget Day during which councils<br /> present their budgets to citizens<br /> in their jurisdiction and defend their<br /> performance. The first was successfully<br /> held on June 28 2007. It is now<br /> an annual event held on the last<br /> Thursday of June.<br /> NAIROBI MAYORS<br /> By 1922, Nairobi was a city. British<br /> national Edgah Henderson was the first<br /> mayor between 1923 and 1924.<br /> The first African, Charles Rubia, became<br /> Nairobi Mayor 40 years later! To date,<br /> the city has had 36 mayors, including<br /> three women:<br /> Helen Gladys Delamere (1939-1941),<br /> Marjorie Needham (1958-1960)<br /> Founding President Kenyatta’s daughter<br /> Margaret Wambui (1971-1976).<br /> Edgah Henderson 1923-1924<br /> Charles Udall 1924-1925<br /> James Ridell 1925-1927<br /> Alfred Thomas Wood 1927-1929<br /> Charles Udall 1929-1930<br /> Franze Rudolf Mayer 1930-1931<br /> James Ridell 1931-1933<br /> Joseph Mortimer 1933-1934<br /> George Gwinnett Bompas 1934-1936<br /> Alfred Thomas Wood 1936-1937<br /> Joseph Mortimer 1937-1938<br /> Helen Gladys Delamere 1939-1941<br /> Albert Ernest Basey 1941-1942<br /> Charles Udall 1942-1944<br /> Albert Ernest Basey 1944-1946<br /> Tyson George Alfred 1946-1947<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 860<br /> Poverty Reduction Fund<br /> A 5.8 million euros (Sh530 million)<br /> performance-based Poverty Reduction<br /> Fund has been established to<br /> encourage improved compliance<br /> with the basic principles of the<br /> reform programme and relevant<br /> capacity building.<br /> Funds for 65 selected projects<br /> are channelled as a grant to 63<br /> local authorities that report good<br /> performance in improving financial<br /> management, rationalising project<br /> appraisal and implementation and<br /> extending community outreach<br /> and particularly targeting the poor.<br /> The first 38 projects worth Sh518<br /> million, with Sh281 million European<br /> Union co-funding, started in<br /> September 2006. The second group<br /> of 27 projects worth Sh311 million<br /> with the EU co-funding Sh249 million)<br /> started in October 2007.<br /> The projects are mainly in the<br /> water and sanitation sector (water<br /> and sewer systems) and construction<br /> and upgrade of markets. Other<br /> projects are construction of roads,<br /> health and tourism centres and<br /> agricultural projects. The projects</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 626<br /> UK publication. It had scooped the<br /> same award in 2005, 2003, 2000 and<br /> 1999. In 2005, the airline achieved<br /> the IOSA (IATA Operational Safety<br /> Audit), becoming the first carrier<br /> in sub-Saharan to get the rigorous<br /> safety certification. . In 2004, Travel<br /> News & Lifestyle Magazine ranked<br /> Kenya Airways the Best Domestic<br /> Airline in 2003, Best Regional Airline<br /> in 2002 and 2003 and with the Best<br /> In-flight Magazine in 2002 and 2003.<br /> In 2003, it was voted the Best User<br /> of information technology in Kenya<br /> by the Computer Society of Kenya.<br /> It was also ranked second in the<br /> award for the Most Respected Company<br /> by East Africa business leaders.<br /> In 2003, the airline acquired 49<br /> per cent shareholding in Precision<br /> Air, a Tanzanian carrier. The<br /> airline has bought Boeing 777, 767,<br /> 737aircraft for domestic and African<br /> regional services. It has launched<br /> new routes to many parts of Africa<br /> and the world — Monrovia, Cotonou<br /> and Mayotte, Istanbul (Turkey),<br /> Bamako (Mali) and Dakar (Senegal<br /> ) and Lubumbashi (DRC), among<br /> others.</div> <div>communities, businesses, industry,<br /> civil society and governments are<br /> encouraged to enter tree planting<br /> pledges on-line. The campaign<br /> encourages planting of indigenous<br /> trees and those that are appropriate<br /> to the local environment.<br /> By the end of 2009, more than 7.4<br /> billion trees had been planted in<br /> the campaign — far in excess of the<br /> year-end target of 7 billion – by participants<br /> in 170 countries. In 2010,<br /> the Billion Tree Campaign made a<br /> substantial contribution to the 2010<br /> International Year of Biodiversity,<br /> raising awareness of the importance<br /> of biodiversity for our well-being.<br /> Trees play a crucial role as fundamental<br /> components of the biodiversity<br /> that forms the foundation of<br /> the living networks and systems that<br /> provide health, wealth, food, fuel<br /> and vital ecosystem services.<br /> They help provide breathable air,<br /> drinkable water, fertile soils and a<br /> stable climate.<br /> The billions of trees through the<br /> Billion Tree Campaign will contribute<br /> to biodiversity across the planet.<br /> ATHI<br /> • Kimana Community Water & Sanitation Project,<br /> Kajiado district<br /> • Gravity piped scheme; storage tank, VIP<br /> latrines, bathrooms & training.<br /> • Community Water for Poverty Alleviation<br /> (COWAPA) - NGO<br /> • Rugita Water & Sanitation Project, Kiambu<br /> district<br /> • Pumping scheme, water kiosks distribution<br /> lines, VIP latrines Kent meters and community<br /> training<br /> • Community’s own CBO<br /> Thairira Water & Sanitation Project, Kajiado<br /> district<br /> Pumping scheme; elevated steel tank water<br /> kiosks & training<br /> Community’s own CBO<br /> Kamuthanga water project, Machakos district<br /> Purchase & installation of Plastic rainwater<br /> harvesting, Sanitation and community training<br /> Community’s own CBO<br /> • Target population:<br /> 7,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh4,166,200 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh3,315,600<br /> • Target population:<br /> 6,000<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh3,269,939 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh2,368,168<br /> • Target population:<br /> 2,500<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh2,965,420 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh2,870,420<br /> • Target population:<br /> 1,360<br /> • Total Budget:<br /> Sh3,963,100 with WSTF<br /> contributing Sh3,472,650<br /> Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> • Planned activities<br /> completed; Final<br /> report submitted.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 545</div> <div>Art, and Culture culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 130<br /> Music<br /> Music is part of African life. Songs<br /> are sung at childbirth, initiation,<br /> marriage, death and with every<br /> daily activity such as planting and<br /> harvesting. The music of Kenya is<br /> as diverse as its people. It is through<br /> music that cultures are communicated,<br /> passed on and preserved.<br /> Contact with oriental and Euro-<br /> American cultures has given rise<br /> to new genres of music such as the<br /> Arab influence that led to the development<br /> of taarab, chakacha and<br /> kaswida. Unique music has sprung<br /> in recent years. The new genres<br /> include benga, with its characteristic<br /> bass-drum beat, omutibo, which<br /> has developed from the Luhya<br /> culture, and twist credited to music<br /> greats such as Daudi Kabaka and<br /> Fadhili Williams. Other even more<br /> recent genres are ‘kapuka’, ‘genge’<br /> and ‘Afrofusion’. They are popular<br /> among the youth and singers and<br /> performers have become celebrities.<br /> Kenyan music cannot be discussed<br /> without mentioning the<br /> heavyweights who have ruled the<br /> charts. Although most of them are<br /> dead, their music still sells well.<br /> Their hits have outlived them and<br /> are recorded by other stars. The<br /> list includes the late Williams, who<br /> sang the evergreen Malaika. The<br /> hit was later recorded by the late<br /> Mama Africa, Miriam Makeba, and<br /> Harry Belafonte of the US.<br /> The evergreen Gabriel Omolo,<br /> popularly known as Omolo Gabby,<br /> released a 1972 hit single, Lunch<br /> Time. Others are Kabaka, Ochieng<br /> Kabaselleh, John Ndichu, Peter<br /> Tsotsi, Fundi Konde, Collela Mazee,<br /> D O Misiani and Joseph Kamaru.<br /> Benga<br /> This is the oldest form of contemporary<br /> music, which traces its origins<br /> in Nyanza in the early 1940s. It later<br /> spread across East and Central<br /> Africa. In Dholuo, ‘benga’ means<br /> ‘good’ or ‘nice’. The popular genre<br /> is characterised by falsetto guitar<br /> riffs and melodic singing that breaks<br /> with a chorus.<br /> Congolese musicians incorporated<br /> ‘benga’ in ‘rhumba’ music,<br /> which was then characterised by<br /> melodic singing and playing drums.<br /> Benga music has in the past been redone<br /> by top Congolese bands.<br /> D O Misiani and his Shirati Jazz<br /> released Kisero in the 1970s and<br /> it was re-done into Soukous by<br /> Lokassa ya Mbongo-led Soukous<br /> Stars (Congolese) into double LP<br /> Nairobi Night in 1985. Prince Nico<br /> Mbarga’s music style was also copied<br /> from benga.<br /> Benga is classified into western,<br /> central and eastern. In Luo benga,<br /> the bass guitar and vocals interweave.<br /> The bass pulsates and sometimes<br /> mimics a flowing melodic line.<br /> Guitars come in at the end of each<br /> vocal phrase with some catchy riff.<br /> DK, a star of the 1970s, was the<br /> first Gikuyu musician to jump onto<br /> the benga bandwagon in the late<br /> 1960s. These regional groups share</div> <div>Science and research<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 890</div> <div>IT and communication 7<br /> IT and communication are advanced in<br /> Kenya, with about 20 million mobile phone subscribers,<br /> Internet users cruising to four million and the variety of<br /> media in its hundreds<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 0 1 9<br /> 0<br /> 237</div> <div>Local Authorities<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 872</div> <div>Economy, Science and Finance research and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 924<br /> three key institutions: International<br /> Crops Research Institute for the<br /> Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),<br /> Technoserve and Catholic Relief<br /> Services, which share the common<br /> goal of improving food security by<br /> increasing sources of income and<br /> the nutritional quality of diets.<br /> Linnet Gohole<br /> An agricultural entomologist, Dr<br /> Gohole is involved in research to<br /> promote under-used crops like<br /> indigenous leafy vegetables for food<br /> and nutritional security in western<br /> Kenya and eastern Uganda. She<br /> works with the International Plant<br /> Genetic Resources Institute and<br /> Makerere University in Uganda.<br /> She identifies various indigenous<br /> vegetable species and finds ways to<br /> improve their production, harvesting<br /> practices, seed production technologies<br /> and marketing strategies.<br /> She also collaborates with ICIPE<br /> on several projects on biological<br /> control of pests and sericulture techniques<br /> (the rearing of silkworms for<br /> the production of raw silk).<br /> Gohole has an MSc in Agricultural<br /> Entomology from Jomo Kenyatta<br /> University of Agriculture and Technology<br /> and a PhD in Agricultural<br /> Entomology from Wegeningen Agricultural<br /> University, the Netherlands.<br /> She is a lecturer at Moi University.<br /> Lusike Wasilwa<br /> A plant scientist, Dr Wasilwa’s<br /> research at KARI involves collaboration<br /> with the Ministry of Agriculture,<br /> ICIPE and Kenya Gatsby Trust to<br /> disseminate mango production,<br /> processing and marketing technologies<br /> to farmers in Kenya. She works<br /> with farmers in Malindi and Kilifi<br /> districts to address knowledge gaps<br /> in the proper application of agrochemicals,<br /> and appropriate postharvest<br /> handling and processing<br /> technologies for mangoes.<br /> Through her work, between 300<br /> and 500 farmers will be trained and<br /> have access to agrochemicals at<br /> affordable rates and gain skills that<br /> will improve their livelihoods. A programme<br /> officer, Wasilwa has an MSc<br /> in Horticulture from the University<br /> of Arkansas, US, and a PhD in Plant<br /> Science from the same university.<br /> Margaret Mulaa<br /> Dr Mulaa received her PhD in<br /> Applied Entomology from University<br /> of Wales, UK. She also has an<br /> MSc in Applied Entomology from<br /> Imperial College, University of London,<br /> UK. A senior principal research<br /> scientist, Mulaa has been attached<br /> to KARI for more than two decades.<br /> She is also head of the Crop Protection<br /> Section at KARI, Kitale. At<br /> the research centre, she leads the<br /> Bt maize insect resistance management<br /> (IRM) component of the<br /> Insect Resistant Maize for Africa<br /> (IRMA) project. The IRMA project<br /> is a collaboration effort between scientists<br /> from Centro International de<br /> Mejoramiento de Maiz Trigo (CIM-<br /> MYT) and KARI.<br /> It was launched in 1999 with the<br /> goal of increasing maize production<br /> and food security for African</div> <div>mented reforms in supply and management.<br /> They include:<br /> Creating institutions to manage<br /> water and provide services<br /> Limiting the ministry’s role to policy<br /> formulation, implementation and<br /> resource mobilisation<br /> Regulation and service delivery are<br /> left to the new institutions<br /> Involving local communities in<br /> management through Water<br /> Resource Users Association.<br /> And the policies have revolutionised<br /> the work sector. Community<br /> participation has resulted<br /> in reduced illegal abstractions and<br /> catchment encroachment, rehabilitation<br /> of catchment areas and river<br /> bank protection. The commercialisation<br /> of service has been accepted<br /> as a more efficient way of providing<br /> water, more than 500 boreholes<br /> have been drilled and water service<br /> to the poor has received greater<br /> focus in rural and urban areas.<br /> Consequently, water coverage has<br /> reached 40 per cent and 60 per cent<br /> in rural and urban areas respectively.<br /> Sewerage and basic sanitation<br /> coverage of 20 per cent and<br /> 55 per cent respectively have been<br /> achieved, 119,000 hectares irrigated,<br /> 4,100 dams built and 60 more identified<br /> for construction.<br /> Communities in ASALs have<br /> been helped to use rain water harvesting<br /> to produce food crop and<br /> fodder. Re-vegetation of 4,500 hectares<br /> of arid environments has been<br /> realised and 16 shallow wells built<br /> as points of clean water to communities.<br /> Seasonal rivers have been<br /> tapped for community irrigation<br /> schemes<br /> Dams<br /> In Kenya, dams were initially built<br /> for hydro-electric power generation.<br /> There are five major generation stations<br /> along the Tana River — Kiambere,<br /> Kindaruma, Masinga, Gitaru<br /> and Kamburu with a combined<br /> capacity of more than 400MW.<br /> Kindaruma was commissioned in<br /> 1968, Kamburu 1974, Masinga 1981,<br /> Kiambere 1987 and Gitaru in 1999.<br /> Turkwel Dam, along the Turkwel<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 517</div> <div>Nyeri<br /> It is the headquarters of Central<br /> Province and is about 150km from<br /> Nairobi. It is between the Aberdares<br /> Range and the western slopes of<br /> Mt Kenya. Due to its location in the<br /> fertile central highlands where food<br /> and water are readily available, the<br /> cost of living is lower than many<br /> other towns.<br /> Lord Robert Baden-Powell, the<br /> founder of the scouting movement,<br /> was buried in Nyeri. It is the home<br /> town of famous Kenyans, including<br /> Dedan Kimathi, the Mau Mau liberation<br /> movement hero, Kenya and<br /> Africa’s only female Nobel Peace<br /> Prize winner Wangari Maathai,<br /> top athlete Catherine Ndereba and<br /> President Kibaki.<br /> Nyeri has a few light industries, a<br /> Coca Cola plant and the New Kenya<br /> Cooperative Creameries factory.<br /> The national police training college<br /> is at Kiganjo. Other towns in the<br /> region include Thika, Kerugoya,<br /> Murang’a, Kiambu, Nyahururu,<br /> Maragua and Karatina.<br /> Coast<br /> The region is 480km long along the<br /> Indian Ocean from the Tanzanian<br /> border to the south and the Somali<br /> border in the north. The region<br /> is world famous for mangrove<br /> swamps, rocky inlets and palm<br /> trees. The beaches are protected<br /> from ocean waves by a wide coral<br /> fringe and barrier reefs. Throughout<br /> the centuries, the reefs supplied<br /> building materials for coastal cities.<br /> They also shelter hundreds of<br /> aquatic species and are home to<br /> three marine national parks: Kisite,<br /> Watumu and Malindi.<br /> The coastal climate is hot and<br /> humid with little variation in annual<br /> temperature (87 F during the day,<br /> rarely below 68 F in the evening).<br /> The strip along the ocean is fertile<br /> and ideal for sugar cane and sisal<br /> plantations. Further north towards<br /> the Somalia border is the Lamu<br /> World Heritage Site, a pristine<br /> coastal town honoured for its<br /> preservation of Swahili culture and<br /> unique architecture.<br /> Mombasa<br /> This the second largest town in<br /> Kenya, about 500km to the southeast<br /> of Nairobi. It has for long been<br /> referred to as the gateway to East<br /> Africa. Mombasa, the provincial<br /> headquarters of Coast Province,<br /> stands on a coral reef. Kilindini harbour<br /> is the best in East Africa with<br /> modern facilities for large vessels<br /> and warehouses. The old port is still<br /> used by dhows and smaller vessels.<br /> Mombasa is an island separated<br /> from the mainland by two creeks,<br /> Tudor and Kilindini. It is connected<br /> to the mainland by the Nyali Bridge<br /> to the north, Likoni Ferry to the<br /> south and Makupa Causeway to the<br /> west. Moi International Airport is in<br /> the town. Fort Jesus, now a museum,<br /> was built by the Portuguese<br /> between 1594 and 1610. The town<br /> was originally known as ‘Kisiwa cha<br /> Mvita’, the island of war, epitomising<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 67</div> <div>KFW<br /> SIDA<br /> EU<br /> ADB<br /> AFD<br /> DANIDA<br /> Kericho, Nakuru, North Nandi, South Nandi, Bomet, Bureti, Nyamira<br /> Gucha, Kuria, Migori, Suba, Homa Bay, Rachuonyo, Kisumu, Siaya, Bondo, Kisii, Nyando<br /> Meru North, Meru South, Meru Central, Tharaka, Embu, Mbeere, Machakos, Makueni<br /> Trans Nzoia, West Pokot, Uasin Gishu, Keiyo, Marakwet, Kajiado, Transmara, Narok<br /> Nyandarua, Murang’a, Maragua<br /> Malindi, Kilifi, Kwale, Taita Taveta, Kitui, Mwingi, Makueni<br /> muter rail system will begin as from<br /> October 2010 and involve about<br /> 160km. The Kenya Railways Corporation<br /> has already advertised the<br /> tender to build a modern station in<br /> Nairobi. In the 2010-2011 Budget,<br /> the Government has allocated Sh1.9<br /> billion ($23.75 million).<br /> Eventually, the project will cost<br /> Sh24 billion ($300 million). The<br /> project will include the construction<br /> of a 7km track to JKIA’s Unit 3 and<br /> rehabilitation and construction of<br /> stations and other facilities. When<br /> completed, the rail system will<br /> reduce traffic jams in the city and<br /> introduce a regular and efficient<br /> commuter service.<br /> Each passenger coach will be<br /> designed to carry up to 200 passengers<br /> and most trains will have eight<br /> coaches with a capacity of 1,600. It<br /> is expected to carry 60 million passengers<br /> a year or 200,000 a day. The<br /> current commuter system ferries<br /> five million a year or about 20,000<br /> a day.<br /> A 17.2km railway bypass will be<br /> built from Kibera to Ayany at Sh930<br /> million ($11.625 million). It will then<br /> be extended from Ayany to Mukuru<br /> and Dagoretti — 18km long.<br /> Other initiatives are to:<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> Encourage public transport operators<br /> to shift to high occupancy<br /> vehicles and urban traffic flow be<br /> redesigned to create infrastructure<br /> exclusive for public transport<br /> vehicles<br /> Encourage urban authorities to<br /> provide park and ride facilities<br /> where passengers in low occupancy<br /> vehicles transfer to high<br /> occupancy ones<br /> Expand the use of rail transport<br /> in urban areas to reduce commuter<br /> travel time and link with<br /> other modes of transport through<br /> central stations<br /> Provide transport services to the<br /> disadvantaged<br /> Rural transport<br /> Rural areas are productive and have<br /> many socio-economic activities<br /> based on agriculture, horticulture,<br /> livestock, wildlife and fishing. They<br /> hold more than 65 per cent of Kenya’s<br /> population, 98 per cent of which do<br /> not own vehicles. More than 85 per<br /> cent of mobility in rural areas takes<br /> place off the road (on tracks and<br /> paths) between homes and farms,<br /> markets, rivers, meeting grounds,<br /> schools, dispensaries, churches and<br /> local administration offices.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 595</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1136<br /> ship organised by FIA.<br /> Now it is known as the KCB Safari<br /> Rally after its sponsor, Kenya Commercial<br /> Bank (KCB).<br /> Safari Rally<br /> A much-quoted conversation<br /> between Eric Cecil and his cousin<br /> Neil Vincent led to the birth of the<br /> Safari Rally. Vincent was a motorsport<br /> devotee but refused to compete<br /> at the new Langa Langa circuit. He<br /> said: “I can imagine nothing more<br /> boring than driving round and<br /> round the same piece of track. But<br /> if you will organise an event where<br /> we get into our cars, slam the door,<br /> go halfway across Africa and back,<br /> and the first car home is a winner,<br /> I’ll be in it.” With Ian Craigie, the<br /> competition’s secretary, Cecil set<br /> about encouraging the committee to<br /> organise a long distance rally. Their<br /> advance came with the death of<br /> King George VI and the coronation<br /> of the new Queen, Elizabeth II, in<br /> June 1953. Their proposal to organise<br /> an East African rally to pay trib-<br /> ute to the new Queen was accepted<br /> by the management committee<br /> and the ‘Coronation Rally’, starting<br /> from Nairobi, around Lake Victoria<br /> through Uganda and Tanganyika<br /> and back to Kenya was established.<br /> The East African Safari Rally has<br /> continued every year thereafter with<br /> much interest from international<br /> rally federations. In 1957, the Parisbased<br /> Federation Internationale de<br /> l’ Automobile (FIA) marked the East<br /> African Rally on its international<br /> motor sport calendar. The date of<br /> the event had also moved forward<br /> from the end of May to the Easter<br /> weekend so as not to interfere with<br /> other European events.<br /> In the early 1960s, when the<br /> three East African countries were<br /> independent, the rally route was<br /> changed. It would still pass through<br /> Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya, but<br /> the start and finish of the rally was to<br /> be rotated to include Kampala and</div> <div>Lokichoggio Airport<br /> It is about 800km north west of Naithe<br /> terminal building. The airport<br /> accommodates two military camps<br /> in its perimeter fence. The Airforce<br /> camp is half a kilometre to the south,<br /> while the Army camp is almost<br /> the same distance to the west of<br /> the terminal building. Entrance to<br /> the airport is through a single gate,<br /> which is manned by armed military<br /> officers.<br /> Wajir Airport has a work force<br /> of about 100, most of them from<br /> the police department. However,<br /> several other agencies — KAA,<br /> KCAA, Immigration, Customs, NSIS<br /> and Porthealth — are represented.<br /> The airport is able to handle international<br /> and domestic arrival and<br /> departure passenger and cargo<br /> aircraft.<br /> As of now, the only passenger<br /> flight are by Echo, which lands twice<br /> a week to drop or pick passengers,<br /> mostly NGO staff. Other flights are<br /> charter, cargo or military. The Airport<br /> gets seven flights a day most of<br /> which are cargo.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 623</div> <div>Economy, Science and Finance research and Planning<br /> products and encourage their use for better<br /> agricultural productivity<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 908<br /> Green manure study<br /> Reported success stories<br /> of agricultural transfonnation<br /> have vital links<br /> with farmers’ access to<br /> technologies and information.<br /> Several green<br /> manure technologies<br /> soil fertility management<br /> were screened in<br /> western Kenya. A farmer<br /> field school (FFS) was<br /> adapted as an approach<br /> of evaluating and<br /> scaling-up technologies<br /> selected by farmers. The<br /> objective was to assess<br /> the effect of farmer<br /> field schools in evaluation<br /> and scaling-up of<br /> selected green manure.<br /> A pilot FFS of 45 farmers<br /> from Gem, Siaya, started<br /> in 2001. The study<br /> revealed that FFS is useful<br /> in building farmers’<br /> knowledge on green<br /> manure technology.<br /> http://agris.fao.org/agris-search<br /> Achievements<br /> In the past three decades, agricultural<br /> research in Kenya has made tremendous<br /> progress. KARI’s achievements are:<br /> • Development of high yielding, disease and<br /> pest-resistant varieties of maize, wheat,<br /> sorghum, beans, pyrethrum and potatoes<br /> • Improved crop production technologies<br /> • Improved livestock production and health<br /> technologies, including pasture and fodder<br /> crop management and use of farm<br /> by-products; zero grazing; vaccines against<br /> livestock diseases and diagnosis methods<br /> based on DNA technology.<br /> • Release of improved varieties. Those<br /> released in 2000 are already in production.<br /> Biotechnology Research Programme<br /> It offers opportunities to reduce and overcome<br /> agricultural production constraints. For<br /> instance, through the application of biotechnology,<br /> development of new varieties may<br /> take half the time it would using conventional<br /> breeding methods.<br /> Specific opportunities for research, adoption<br /> of technologies and technology transfer<br /> are being identified and will lead to the use<br /> of biotechnology to address constraints.<br /> Biotechnology also makes possible the development<br /> of rapid, sensitive and specific tests<br /> for plant and animal diseases and an opportunity<br /> to conserve the rich national genetic<br /> plant and animal resources<br /> Biotechnology will improve crop varieties<br /> that are resistant or tolerant to pests and diseases,<br /> tolerant to drought and with improved<br /> nutritional value. It also leads to industrial<br /> and fodder crop varieties that are resistant</div> <div>River and Nzoia Yala and Malewa<br /> Gilgil on the northern shore of Lake<br /> Naivasha. Riverine wetlands are<br /> along the lower part of the Tana<br /> and Nyando rivers. Smaller riverine<br /> wetlands are at the papyrus swamps<br /> near Ruiru. Mwea Tebere, now a<br /> rice paddy, is also a wetland.<br /> Kenya signed the Ramsar Convention<br /> in 1989 and appointed the<br /> Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) as the<br /> implementing agency. Lake Nakuru<br /> was designated as the first Ramsar<br /> site in the country. The KWS Wetland<br /> Programme began in 1991.<br /> Wetlands have many benefits that<br /> have a positive impact on the socioeconomic<br /> status of the people.<br /> They include ground water<br /> recharge, flood control, shoreline<br /> stabilisation, erosion control, sediment<br /> and nutrient retention, biomass<br /> export, windbreaks as well as<br /> recreation.<br /> They are also habitats for fish,<br /> serve as forage reserves for livestock<br /> and provide agricultural land,<br /> supply water and are biodiversity<br /> reserves.<br /> Pollution and reclamation of<br /> farmlands are the most serious<br /> threats to Kenya’s wetlands. The<br /> Environmental Management and<br /> Coordination (Wetlands, River<br /> Basins, Lake and Sea Shores Management)<br /> Regulation was established<br /> in 2009 to safeguard and<br /> ensure sustainable use of the wetlands<br /> and their resources.<br /> Environmental impact assessment<br /> and audits are mandatory<br /> for activities likely to affect the<br /> wetlands. Their sustainable use will<br /> be integrated into the national and<br /> local land use plans.<br /> Wetland resource permits must<br /> be granted to a person, community<br /> or organisation, who or which<br /> intends to make use of wetlands and<br /> other non-extractive uses such as<br /> tourism and cultural activities.<br /> Due to encroachment, the Lands<br /> and Environment ministries have<br /> decreed that a 300-metre space<br /> from river banks be untouched.<br /> Aquaculture<br /> The fishing industry earns Kenya<br /> close to Sh5 billion ($67 million)<br /> annually and is an important source<br /> of animal protein.<br /> Aquaculture is increasingly being<br /> practised in the North Rift, Central<br /> and Eastern provinces, which were<br /> previously not fish growing regions.<br /> Thus it is likely that aquaculture<br /> will in the future make significant<br /> contributions to Kenya’s food security<br /> and foreign exchange earnings.<br /> Aquaculture has also become<br /> a tourist attraction. Visitors tour<br /> Sagana Aquaculture Research Station,<br /> the Lake Victoria Basin Authority,<br /> fish farms in Uasin Gishu District<br /> and Dominion Farms on River Yala.<br /> While many non-fishing regions<br /> have now adopted aquaculture as<br /> an income-generating activity, it<br /> faces various challenges, including<br /> climate change, pollution, introduction<br /> of alien species, habitat destruction<br /> and conflict over water rights.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 497</div> <div>has over the years been under different<br /> ministries. Now it is in the<br /> Vice-President’s Office and Ministry<br /> of Home Affairs. The services of<br /> the department have grown and<br /> expanded tremendously over the<br /> years, from the initial coverage of<br /> the capital Nairobi.<br /> The Department has a presence<br /> all over the country at all court stations.<br /> Owing to this growth and<br /> expansion, more Government<br /> programmes have been added to<br /> its operations. The services are<br /> delivered through the headquarters<br /> in Nairobi, provinces, districts, divisions,<br /> courts, penal institutions and<br /> communities.<br /> Probation officers rehabilitate<br /> those given community sentences<br /> and those received from penal<br /> institutions. They also enforce the<br /> conditions of court orders and also<br /> generate pre-sentence reports to<br /> courts for effective and fair sentencing<br /> of offenders. The officers provide<br /> information to penal institutions<br /> offenders’ backgrounds and identifies<br /> workplaces for community service<br /> orders offenders.<br /> In 2009, the number of offenders<br /> on probation reduced to 13,788<br /> from 17,529 in 2008. Those serving<br /> after aftercare rehabilitation<br /> declined by 36.2 per cent from 986<br /> in 2008 to 678 in 2009.<br /> Department of Children’s Services<br /> (See chapter on Gender and Children’s<br /> Affairs)<br /> National Council for Persons with<br /> Disabilities (NCPWD)<br /> It was established in 2004 after the<br /> enactment of Persons with Disabilities<br /> Act. It was gazetted for<br /> commencement in June 2004 with<br /> the exclusion of Sections 22, 23, 24,<br /> 35(2), 39 and 40 which provide for<br /> adjustment of public buildings and<br /> public service vehicles, access to<br /> communication by television programmes<br /> and telephone services.<br /> The council is a semi-autonomous<br /> Government agency run by a<br /> 21-member — nominees of organisations<br /> for people with disabilities,<br /> Government ministries, the Attorney-General’s<br /> office, the Federation<br /> of Kenya Employers and the Central<br /> Organisation of Trade Unions.<br /> Its core functions are to issue<br /> adjustment orders, formulate<br /> measures and policies designed<br /> to achieve equal opportunities for<br /> PWD so that they obtain education,<br /> employment and participate in<br /> sport and recreational and cultural<br /> activities. It works with the Government<br /> during the national census to<br /> ensure that accurate figures of PWD<br /> are obtained and advises the minister<br /> on international agreements<br /> on PWD. It recommends measures<br /> to prevent discrimination against<br /> PWD, sets up schemes and projects<br /> for self-employment of PWD,<br /> rehabilitates people with disabilities<br /> and registers institutions, associations<br /> and organisations that provide<br /> services for the rehabilitation and<br /> welfare of PWD.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 833</div> <div>Art, and Culture culture and Religion<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 144<br /> State publishers<br /> The Kenya Literature<br /> Bureau and Jomo<br /> Kenyatta Foundation<br /> are parastatals. KLB<br /> originated from the<br /> East African Literature<br /> Bureau established<br /> in 1947. It became<br /> a department in the<br /> Ministry of Education in<br /> 1977 and a parastatal<br /> in 1980. KLB has published<br /> over 900 titles<br /> for local and international<br /> markets. JKF is a<br /> parastatal established<br /> in 1966 in the wake of<br /> Kenya’s determination<br /> to control educational<br /> publishing and prevent<br /> capital flight. It awards<br /> scholarships to bright,<br /> but needy students<br /> in secondary schools.<br /> It provides educational<br /> materials that<br /> complement national<br /> development goals of<br /> self-reliance and industrialisation.<br /> www.kenyaliteraturebureau.<br /> com<br /> www.jkf.co.ke<br /> in 2003. In 2004, the group launched the<br /> HomeBoyz Music Technology Academy that<br /> focuses on developing studio engineers and<br /> music producers. This is a certificate course<br /> in audio production.<br /> The group has also launched the ‘Live<br /> Sound’ course that focuses on live and big<br /> sound. Plans are on course to start the Home-<br /> Boyz Video Academy.<br /> Film<br /> Kenya is a popular destination for film production<br /> and Hollywood has a long-standing<br /> affair with the country dating to the 1930s.<br /> From The Snows of Kilimanjaro, starring<br /> Gregory Peck, to King Solomon’s Mines with<br /> Stewart Granger and Mogambo featuring<br /> Clark Gable and Ava Gardner are some of the<br /> classic films shot in the country.<br /> Kenya has mostly produced documentary<br /> films on the conditions of the people in<br /> urban areas. Since 2000, feature films have<br /> increased — Dangerous Affair, Project Daddy<br /> and Money & the Cross by Njeri Karago,<br /> Babu’s Babies by Christine Bala, Naliaka<br /> is going by Albert Wandago, The price of a<br /> Daughter and Behind closed doors by Jane<br /> Murago-Munene, The Green Card by Brutus<br /> Sirucha, Malooned by Bob Nyanja, All Girls<br /> Together by Cajetan Boy, Help by Robert<br /> Bresson and From a Whisper by Wanuri<br /> Kahiu.<br /> Numerous short fictions are also on the<br /> increase such as Ras Star by Kahiu, Subira<br /> by Kenya-based Indian film director Ravneet<br /> Sippy Chadha, Life in D Major by Angelo<br /> Kinyua and Extracts of Me by William Owusu.<br /> Other low-budget filmmakers using digital<br /> technology have spawned the Riverwood<br /> industry. Mburu Kimani’s The Race earned<br /> an award at the inaugural Kalasha Awards</div> <div>Princess Jully<br /> Her real name is Lilian<br /> Auma. She started as a backup<br /> vocalist for Jolly Boys<br /> Band led by her husband<br /> Prince Jully, who died in<br /> 1997. Jully took over the<br /> band. Under her, the group<br /> released the hit, Dunia<br /> Mbaya. Her 19th album,<br /> Aneno Lek, was released in<br /> March 2007 and the next,<br /> Wangni Wabiro, in August<br /> 2007. She has a production<br /> house, Jully Productions,<br /> to promote new artistes. In<br /> 2010, she released another<br /> album, Joluo Migingo to Dhi,<br /> on the disputed Migingo<br /> Island. Princess Jully was<br /> part of the Divas of The<br /> Nile that performed at<br /> the Festival Mundial in the<br /> Netherlands in 2007. In<br /> 2003, she won the Benga<br /> Artiste of the Year at the<br /> Kisima Awards.<br /> including archery, boating, rafting, tasting<br /> tribal foods and liquor, forest walk, hook fishing<br /> and pounding maize. A walk across the<br /> households is like walking throughout rural<br /> Kenya in just 90 minutes. The park is in an<br /> abandoned murram quarry that has been<br /> reclaimed into a lush forest over a 10-year<br /> period.<br /> Riuki Cultural Centre<br /> It is in Kiambu, about 25km from Nairobi,<br /> and offers tours to African homesteads, performance<br /> of African dances, story-telling sessions<br /> and traditional cuisine.<br /> Riuki (‘hearth’ or the centre of a Gikuyu<br /> homestead) is an apt name for the enterprise.<br /> It portrays the Agikuyu rural life and<br /> culture. The centre’s objectives are to develop<br /> awareness of the contribution of Agikuyu<br /> cultural practices in the growth of the community<br /> through song, dance, drama, stories,<br /> proverbs, idioms, riddles and enigmas. It<br /> also promotes inter-cultural relations among<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 125</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1102<br /> by talented stars such as Daniel<br /> Nicodemus, Stephen Yongo, Fred<br /> Siranga and James Siang’a, became<br /> the second winners of the league in<br /> 1964 and capped a glorious season<br /> by beating the Ethiopian national<br /> team, the then African Nations Cup<br /> champions.<br /> The same year, Luhya clubs —<br /> Bunyore, Kakamega, Marama,<br /> Bunyatso, Samia Union and Bukusu<br /> Brotherhood — merged to form<br /> Abaluhya United. Abaluhya debuted<br /> in the league in 1965 and finished<br /> fifth. Feisal from Mombasa won<br /> the league, with Luo Union coming<br /> second on goal difference. In 1966,<br /> Abaluhya, with outstanding players<br /> such as Jonathan Niva, Kadenge,<br /> Anthony Mukabwa, Daniel Anyanzwa,<br /> Moses Wabwayi, Charles<br /> Makunda, Livingstone Madegwa<br /> and John Nyawanga clinched the<br /> league title and retained it the following<br /> year.<br /> In the mid-1960s, a split in the Luo<br /> Union down gave birth to a splinter<br /> group, the Luo Sports Club. It joined<br /> the Kenya National Football League<br /> (KNFL) programme. Most great Luo</div> <div>Nairobi Metropolitan<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 836</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 596<br /> The journeys facilitate the supply<br /> of inputs and enable the supply<br /> of produce to urban areas. Ideally,<br /> inter-urban passenger and freight<br /> transport serve rural transport<br /> needs. However, there are peculiar<br /> access-related needs in rural areas<br /> that must be addressed. To enhance<br /> passenger transport services, the<br /> Government will:<br /> ■ Work with the relevant sectors<br /> and communities to establish<br /> schools, health centres, water<br /> and energy supply as close to the<br /> population as possible<br /> ■ Plan rural development and<br /> other social and economic land<br /> use programmes with transport<br /> needs in mind<br /> ■ Promote non-motorised transport<br /> to ferry passengers where<br /> ■<br /> ■<br /> motorised vehicles are insufficient<br /> Boost the use of water transport<br /> along<br /> Evaluate how public-private<br /> partnerships can be developed to<br /> offer low-cost transport services<br /> Road safety initiatives<br /> The construction of three roadsover-rail<br /> and an interchange<br /> near Naivasha town on the Maai<br /> Mahiu-Naivasha-Lanet road, and<br /> an interchange near Athi River, have<br /> addressed glaring safety measures<br /> The design of the ongoing rehabilitation<br /> of the Nairobi-Thika road<br /> has also addressed road safety.<br /> Roundabouts will be removed and<br /> replacing with six interchanges and<br /> bridges to ease traffic congestion.</div> <div>Environment<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Mines and Geology<br /> Department<br /> The mandate of the department is<br /> mineral exploration, mining and<br /> minerals policy; geological survey<br /> and inventory of geological and<br /> minerals information.<br /> It offers services such as identification<br /> and analysis of geological<br /> and mineral samples and other<br /> substances. It also issues licences<br /> and permits for mineral exploration,<br /> mining and commercial<br /> explosives. It is also within its<br /> mandate to sell geological and<br /> mineral exploration information<br /> and reports. The department has<br /> Geochem and Assay laboratories.<br /> The former analyses rock and soil<br /> samples, while the latter analyses<br /> water<br /> References<br /> • Capital News (2009, August 6), NEMA<br /> Focuses on Noise Pollution; Retrieved<br /> Sept 13, 2009 from http://www.capitalfm.<br /> co.ke/news<br /> • Ecofinder, (2007- 2009), Kenya Progress<br /> Report for Yala Wetland, www.kws.go.ke<br /> • Education Officer, Kenya Wildlife Education<br /> Centre<br /> • FAO, National Aquaculture Overview in<br /> Kenya<br /> • Internet sources: http://unfcc.int/Kyoto_<br /> protocol; http://www.UNEP.org/ozone;<br /> http://www.unep.org/ozone/montreal.htm<br /> • Kenya (2007) Agricultural Productivity and<br /> Sustainable Land Management Project:<br /> Environmental and Social Management<br /> Framework<br /> • Kis A and Shelton D, International Environmental<br /> Law, Andsley Park; Transnational<br /> Publishers<br /> • Kisoyan M (2007). Management of Arid and<br /> Semi-arid (ASAL) Lands, lecturer, Egerton<br /> University<br /> • Makindi, Lecture notes on biological diversity,<br /> Egerton University, 2006.<br /> • Ministry of Culture and Heritage: National<br /> Museum of Kenya, Department of Antiquities,<br /> Sites and Monuments<br /> • Nairobi Safari Walk Magazine, Kenya Wildlife<br /> Service Education Centre, 2007<br /> • NEMA, Biodiversity Conservation: Retrieved<br /> August 25, 2009 http://www.nema.go.ke/<br /> index2.php<br /> • NEMA News Magazine (2008), Kicking the<br /> Habit: Reduce Air Pollution, Save Lives;<br /> National Environmental Management<br /> Authority, Nairobi<br /> • NEMA News Magazine (2009), Climate<br /> Change and Global Warming; National Environmental<br /> Management Authority, Nairobi<br /> • Nyamongo D, Technical Manager Seeds for<br /> Life Project and officer in-charge, Gene Bank<br /> of Kenya, KARI, personal communication,<br /> September 26, 2009<br /> • Otiende J E, Ezaza, W P, and Boisvert R<br /> (1991), An Introduction to Environmental<br /> Education; Nairobi; Nairobi University Press<br /> • Post J and Furedy C (2004), Solid Waste<br /> Management and Recycling: Actors, Partnership<br /> and Policie;. Rerieved Sept 24, 2009<br /> from http://books.google.com<br /> • UNEP (2000), Tunza: Aquaculture<br /> • UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre:<br /> Conservation of the Natural Environment<br /> of Kenya and their Flora and Fauna<br /> • www.meteo.go.ke<br /> • www.environment.go.ke<br /> • www.minesgeology.go.ke<br /> • mackphilisa.net/kenyametsociety<br /> 510</div> <div>Introduction<br /> Kenya’s economy is deregulated and licensing procedures<br /> have been simplified. The roles of the public and<br /> private sectors have evolved over time, enabling continuity<br /> of the economic development strategy.<br /> The Government’s economic and liberalisation<br /> reforms aim to widen the economic base beyond agriculture, Government<br /> divestiture from State enterprises and development of free<br /> trade areas. Through the Economic Recovery Strategy for Wealth<br /> and Employment Creation,<br /> Kenya became a good environment<br /> for trade, business,<br /> tourism and foreign direct<br /> BY NUMBERS<br /> investment.<br /> Agriculture is the backbone<br /> of the economy. It<br /> 35<br /> accounts for 23 per cent of<br /> Gross Domestic Product<br /> (GDP) and 63 per cent of<br /> exports. Services account for<br /> The number of business<br /> 63 per cent of GDP and manufacturing<br /> 13 per cent. The<br /> licences a working committee<br /> of Government recently<br /> eliminated in an effort to<br /> sector comprises medium<br /> make Kenya a more tradefriendly<br /> country for local and<br /> and large enterprises with<br /> international investors. They<br /> major foreign multinational<br /> were among 86 licences up<br /> companies from Europe, US<br /> for review<br /> and Asia.<br /> See more information below<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 757</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 990</div> <div>Maralal Town Council<br /> Samburu County Council<br /> Trans Mara County Council<br /> Kitale Municipality<br /> Nzoia County Council<br /> Lodwar Municipality<br /> Turkana County Council<br /> Eldoret Municipality<br /> Wareng County Council<br /> Burnt Forest Town Council<br /> Kapenguria Municipality<br /> Pokot County Council<br /> Chepareria Town Council<br /> Western<br /> Bungoma Municipality<br /> Bungoma County Council<br /> Kimilili Municipality<br /> Sirisia Town Council<br /> Malakisi Town Council<br /> Nyando County Council<br /> Londiani Town Council<br /> Webuye Municipality Busia<br /> Muhoroni Town Council<br /> Kipkelion Town Council<br /> Municipality<br /> Ahero Town Council<br /> Eldama Ravine town council<br /> Busia County Council<br /> Rift Valley<br /> Kabarnet Municipality<br /> Baringo County Council<br /> Bomet Municipality<br /> Bomet county council<br /> Litein Town Council<br /> Bureti County Council<br /> Sotik Town Council<br /> Iten/Tambach Town Council<br /> Keiyo County Council<br /> Kajiado Town Council<br /> Ol Kejuado County Council<br /> Kericho Municipality<br /> Koibatek County Council<br /> Nanyuki Municipality<br /> Laikipia County Council<br /> Nyahururu Municipality<br /> Rumuruti Town Council<br /> Marakwet County Council<br /> Nakuru Municipality<br /> Nakuru County Council<br /> Naivasha Municipality<br /> Molo Town Council<br /> Kapsabet Municipality<br /> Nandi County Council<br /> Nandi Hills Town Council<br /> Narok Town Council<br /> Funyula Town Council<br /> Nambale Town Council<br /> Port Victoria Town Council<br /> Butere-Mumias County Council<br /> Mumias Municipality<br /> Mount Elgon County Council<br /> Kakamega Municipality<br /> Kakamega County Council<br /> Malava Town Council<br /> Lugari County Council<br /> Malaba Town Council<br /> Teso County Council<br /> Vihiga Municipality<br /> Vihiga County Council<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> Kipsigis County Council<br /> Narok County Council<br /> Luanda Town Council<br /> 871</div> <div>In 1996, Safari Sevens International<br /> tournament was inaugurated and<br /> the National Sevens Circuit in 1999.<br /> The same year, Kenya was invited<br /> to the first IRB Sevens World Series<br /> and in 2000 for the first time qualified<br /> for a Rugby 7s World Cup. It<br /> beat France, a Tier 1 rugby nation.<br /> In 2001, Kenya for the first time,<br /> appeared at a Rugby World Cup 7s<br /> in Argentina. In 2003, Kenya beat<br /> Zimbabwe for the first time in the<br /> Kenya Airways Challenge Cup. The<br /> score was 32-24 40. In the same<br /> year, the Rugby Super Series was<br /> inaugurated and in 2004, Rugby 7s<br /> was admitted as a formal sport in<br /> secondary schools and in public<br /> primary schools in 2008.<br /> For the second time, Kenya qualified<br /> for a Rugby World Cup in 2004<br /> and in 2005 played at the event in<br /> Hong Kong. Their first major splash<br /> was beating rugby giant Australia in<br /> the London Sevens 2006 and reaching<br /> the final of the Plate competition.<br /> In the 2007 Wellington Sevens in<br /> New Zealand, Kenya drew second in<br /> their pot, beating rugby giants such<br /> as Argentina and Tonga. It, however,<br /> lost in the quarterfinals to Fiji but<br /> the message that a giant was in the<br /> making had been sent out.<br /> Kenya’s breakthrough in the<br /> sevens was 2008 and 2009. The<br /> team reached the semi-finals at the<br /> 2009 Rugby World Sevens, eventually<br /> going down to Argentina. In<br /> the 2009 IRB Sevens World Series,<br /> Kenya reached a main Cup final for<br /> the first time at Adelaide, but lost to<br /> South Africa in the final. The team<br /> advanced to the Cup semi-finals at<br /> two other events.<br /> The current squad comprises<br /> Humphrey Kayange, Allan<br /> Onyango, Victor Oduor, Benedict<br /> Nyambu, Wilson Opondo, Lavin<br /> Asego, Biko Adema and Innocent<br /> Simiyu. Others are Collins Injera,<br /> Sidney Ashioya, Gibson Weru<br /> Kahuthia, Horace Otieno. The team<br /> is sponsored by national carrier<br /> Kenya Airways. But mobile telephone<br /> company, Safaricom, chips<br /> in when the team takes part in the<br /> Safaricom Sevens.<br /> Women rugby<br /> Girls’ rugby is taking root in Kenya.<br /> Two trial tournaments organised<br /> in 2009 were very successful and a<br /> third was held at State House Girls<br /> School, Nairobi. For a long time,<br /> senior women’s rugby has had no<br /> feeder system. Recruitment has targeted<br /> adults who need to learn the<br /> sport from scratch. This has been<br /> challenging.<br /> The first high school girls’ tournament<br /> was held in May 2009 at<br /> the Nairobi Schools Provincial Ball<br /> Games finals at Hillcrest School. Six<br /> teams, representing five schools —<br /> State House, Ruthimitu, St Teresa’s,<br /> Hidden Talent and Precious Blood<br /> — participated. Precious Blood<br /> fielded two teams and beat St Teresa’s<br /> in a nail-biting final. The second<br /> tournament was held at St Mary’s<br /> School Blackrock tournament.<br /> Twelve teams, representing seven<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1119</div> <div>other prominent leaders were arrested.<br /> Their trial at Kapenguria in 1953 for<br /> managing Mau Mau was a mockery<br /> of justice. They were jailed for seven.<br /> He was taken to Lokitaung until 1959,<br /> but was restricted at Lodwar and later,<br /> Maralal until 1961. On August 14, 1961,<br /> he returned to his Gatundu home. On<br /> August 21, 1961, nine years after his<br /> arrest, he was freed from all restrictions.<br /> On October 28, 1961, Kenyatta became<br /> the president of KANU and a month<br /> later led a delegation to Lancaster,<br /> London, for independence constitutional<br /> talks. On June 1, 1963, he became the<br /> Prime Minister of self-governing Kenya<br /> and at midnight on December 12, 1963,<br /> at Uhuru Stadium, a new nation was<br /> born. A year later, Kenya became a<br /> republic with Kenyatta as President.<br /> Under him, Kenya enjoyed political<br /> stability and agricultural, industrial<br /> and educational advances. He died on<br /> August 22, 1978 in Mombasa. He was in<br /> his eighties.<br /> www.africawithin.com/kenyatta<br /> economic and political life. The<br /> militancy would go a notch higher<br /> with the return of Kenyans who had<br /> fought in the First World War.<br /> With the exposure they had in<br /> foreign lands, they brought together<br /> groups that rebelled against authority.<br /> But Governor Edward Northey,<br /> the man who replaced the rupee<br /> with the shilling, discouraged<br /> Kenyans from growing cash crops<br /> and directed that wages for farm<br /> workers be slashed. This angered<br /> Kenyans more and placed them on<br /> collision course with the colonial<br /> administration.<br /> Reserves to which Kenyans<br /> had been cornered to were overcrowded,<br /> and this led to the clamour<br /> for more land. The enforcement of<br /> kipande (the earlier form of an identity<br /> card), forced female labour and<br /> heavy tax made the situation even<br /> worse.<br /> Political organisation<br /> In 1920, Kenya became a colony of<br /> the British. With Kenyans barred<br /> from direct participation in politics<br /> of the colony, they formed political<br /> organisations cloaked as welfare<br /> associations. They included the<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 23</div> <div>NHC<br /> The National Housing<br /> Corporation’s (NHC)<br /> origins date back to<br /> 1953 when the colonial<br /> government created a<br /> Central Housing Board.<br /> In 1965, the Board<br /> started building houses<br /> where local authorities<br /> were unable or unwilling<br /> to do so. NHC later<br /> replaced the Central<br /> Housing Board. The<br /> corporation’s schemes<br /> are Tenant Purchase,<br /> Outright Sale, Rural and<br /> Peri-Urban Housing<br /> Loans and Rental<br /> Housing. Since 1967,<br /> NHC has developed<br /> more than 43,000 units.<br /> Housing development<br /> in the Tenant Purchase<br /> category include town<br /> estates. In Nairobi<br /> — Ayany, Olympic,<br /> Onyonka, Kyuna, Uhuru<br /> Gardens, Kibera Highrise<br /> and Jonathan Ng’eno. In<br /> Mombasa — Magongo<br /> Changamwe. In Kisumu,<br /> Milimani, Kisumu USAID<br /> and Okore. In Nakuru,<br /> Section 58. In Thika,<br /> Section 9 and Kiboko. In<br /> Nyeri — Pembe Tatu. In<br /> Eldoret — Elgon View<br /> and Kapsoya and in<br /> Kitale — Milimani.<br /> www.nhckenya.co.ke<br /> Slum Upgrading Programme (KENSUP)<br /> Implementation Strategy at Kibera in Nairobi,<br /> Kisumu and Mombasa. In Kibera, 600<br /> housing units were completed and families<br /> whose structures will pave way for upgrading<br /> were moved to the houses in 2009. The<br /> construction of infrastructure and provision<br /> of services such as roads, water, sewerage<br /> system, electricity, sanitation, and garbage<br /> collection points has commenced in Kisumu<br /> and Mombasa.<br /> Under the Civil Servants Housing Scheme,<br /> the ministry is building houses for sale to<br /> civil servants. Government houses have been<br /> refurbished and collection of rent from tenants<br /> enforced. The Rent Restriction Tribunal<br /> Act is under review to make it relevant to the<br /> current trends in the market. For now, the law<br /> only applies to landlords and tenants whose<br /> rent is Sh2,500 and below.<br /> Civil servants housing<br /> Before 2001, the Government provided subsidised<br /> housing to employees at Governmentowned<br /> or leased housing or paid house<br /> allowance. But this had many challenges —<br /> the provision only benefited 12 per cent of<br /> staff, unfair allocations, due to scarcity of<br /> houses, were reported and disparity between<br /> officials receiving house and owner–occupier<br /> allowances.<br /> To address the issues, the Government<br /> announced a new housing policy that would<br /> harmonise the terms and conditions of<br /> service with respect to housing. The major<br /> changes entailed paying house allowance<br /> to Public Service employees at market rates,<br /> charging rent at the market rate and phasing<br /> out leased housing accommodation.<br /> A key objective was to relieve the Government<br /> of the responsibility of housing<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 653</div> <div>Industrialization, 755,761,765,774,780,789,795<br /> Informal settlements, 29, 80<br /> Information technology, see ICT<br /> Infrastructure, 567,577,583-<br /> 594,608,612,629,635<br /> Airport, 567,569,593,611-622,632,640<br /> Railway, 567,591-601,610,611,632,639<br /> Roads, 567-578,580-589,593-<br /> 600,610,640<br /> Iron Age, 9<br /> Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs),<br /> 740,743,745,749<br /> Internet, 237,240,243-<br /> 249,253,259,262,274,280,282<br /> Investment, 764,767-776,788,790,795,804<br /> Jaramogi Oginga Odinga, 24-27, 29, 31<br /> Jomo Kenyatta, 12, 22,24,33,36<br /> Jua kali, 200,201<br /> Judiciary, 182,184,452,458,465,467,805-<br /> 815,824,825<br /> Justice, 805-815,820,822,827,831<br /> Kazi kwa Vijana, 199,474,475<br /> Kenya Gazette, 448<br /> Kenya Institute for Public Policy Research and<br /> Analysis, 234,236,914,918<br /> Kenya National Archives and Documentati<br /> Service, 155<br /> Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS),<br /> 232,236<br /> Kenyanthropus platypus, 7<br /> Koitalel Arap Samoei, 15<br /> Labor, 451,470<br /> Institutions, 469,470,477<br /> Relations, 467,469,470<br /> Rights, 478<br /> Trade unions, 469,471,474-477<br /> Lakes, 4, 5, 20, 42- 54, 58-61, 69,<br /> 72-74,487,492,500<br /> Lake Turkana, 7-10, 37, 45<br /> Lake Victoria, 44,45,58,61,69,73,74<br /> Lancaster, 23<br /> House, 31<br /> Conferences, 31<br /> Land, 41, 77-83<br /> Reforms, 75<br /> Languages, 42,46,47,49<br /> Legislature, 166,179,<br /> Library, 117,123,<br /> Literature, 108,148,151-157,363,365<br /> Local Government, 853,855,858,860,863<br /> Lord Delamare, 15, 37<br /> Louis Leakey, 4, 12<br /> Mau Mau, 11, 23, 27-30,<br /> Manufacturing, 757,761,770,790,801-803<br /> Mbiyu Koinange, 24, 31,<br /> Media, 242,256,257,260-266,284<br /> Migration, 9<br /> Bantu, 9, 41-47, 73,111,132,<br /> Cushites, 10, 41-45, 73,111,<br /> Nilotes, 10, 41-45, 73,111<br /> Missionaries and explorers, 11, 51,52,53,54<br /> George Whitehouse, 10<br /> Johann Rebman, 10<br /> Ludwig Krapf, 10<br /> Vasco da Gama, 10<br /> Multi-partyism, 33, 34<br /> Music, 114,118,124,129,143-153,160,161<br /> Museums, 5,8,37,121,155<br /> Mountains, 55,56,57,63<br /> Mt Kenya, 46, 53-58, 64, 67-73,488,495,971<br /> Mt Elgon, 55-57, 63, 69,488,495,975<br /> Mt Longonot, 56- 72,976<br /> Mwai Kibaki, 12, 34, 35,807<br /> Nairobi Metropolitan, 837,840,843,846<br /> Nairobi Stock Exchange, 187,202,203,307,211<br /> 214<br /> National symbols, 153<br /> National anthem, 131,153<br /> NEPAD, 235,698,704<br /> Northern Kenya, 939<br /> Oral<br /> Culture, 87, 92, 97<br /> History, 87, 97,104-107<br /> Literature, 87, 94-99,105,107<br /> Tradition, 85-97,100,104,106<br /> Political<br /> Parties, 11, 30, 34,182-184<br /> KANU, 23-26, 30-36,183<br /> KADDU, 30-34,183<br /> ODM, 167,168,183<br /> PNU, 166,178,183<br /> ODM-Kenya, 183<br /> Organization, 23<br /> Population, 51-57, 66-69, 73, 76, 84<br /> Post-Election Violence, 407,741,743<br /> Presidency, 166,167,173,177<br /> President’s Emergency Plan for Aids Relief<br /> (PEPFAR), 382,385<br /> Prime Minister, 23, 25, 31, 33, 75, 147, 166,<br /> 177, 180<br /> Proconsul Heseloni, 5<br /> Provinces, 13, 31, 51, 65-74<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1149</div> <div>Proposed rehabilitation and expansion programmes<br /> Scheme<br /> Existing area<br /> (ha)<br /> Area after new<br /> development<br /> (ha)<br /> Current annual<br /> value (KShs ‘m)<br /> Annual value<br /> after new development<br /> (KShs<br /> ‘m)<br /> Mwea 6,000 10,000 1,200 2,000<br /> Ahero 860 3,000 160 560<br /> West Kano 900 900 170 170<br /> Bunyala 213 6,000 40 1,200<br /> Perkerra 740 740 60 60<br /> Hola 870 2,500 Approx 150 Approx 450<br /> Bura 2,500 6,700 Approx 450 Approx 1,200<br /> timber was due to non-production<br /> of forest products by Pan Paper<br /> Mills after it became insolvent in<br /> 2009. But this will change because<br /> the Government revived the<br /> company in July 2010. The August<br /> 2010 announcement by the Minister<br /> for Forestry and Wildlife that the<br /> decade-long ban on logging will be<br /> lifted is expected to boost timber<br /> production and sales.<br /> Gazetted forests contribute 80<br /> per cent of timber, 93 per cent of<br /> poles and posts and 25 per cent of<br /> fuel wood requirements. The value<br /> of the 24 million cubic metres of<br /> fuel wood materials sourced from<br /> farmlands is estimated at Sh4.8<br /> billion ($60 million).<br /> Among the many handicraft<br /> activities, woodcarving forms the<br /> most important component in<br /> Kenya. Research shows that the<br /> industry has about 80,000 wood<br /> carvers. Overall, the industry<br /> supports more than eight million<br /> people with a turn over of about<br /> Sh1.5 billion ($18.75 million) a year.<br /> The wood sector in Kenya can<br /> broadly be divided into two categories:<br /> Wood and wood products;<br /> paper and pulp products. Wood is<br /> an important fuel source in Kenya.<br /> The forest industry uses coniferous<br /> and non-coniferous species. Moderate<br /> volumes of sawn timber, wood<br /> panels, pulp and paper are produced,<br /> almost entirely for domestic<br /> consumption.<br /> In saw milling, millers combine<br /> timber production and manufacturing<br /> of furniture and joinery.<br /> Likewise, smaller factories combine<br /> the manufacture of furniture<br /> and joinery products. Many firms<br /> belong to small or informal sector.<br /> Secondary wood processing in<br /> Kenya is not developed to the full<br /> potential for world export. About<br /> 15 companies operate in the paper<br /> and pulp industry, but only one is<br /> licensed to process paper directly<br /> from trees and wood — Webuye<br /> Paper Mills. Other leading millers<br /> are Madhupaper and Kenya Paper<br /> Mills. The rest use waste paper as<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 561</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 330<br /> Lobbying for the<br /> ‘King of the Desert’<br /> The Kenya Camel Association<br /> is a registered<br /> national, non-profit<br /> making, non-partisan<br /> institution founded<br /> in 1995 by 21 camel<br /> development lovers.<br /> The main role of KCA is<br /> to articulate and lobby<br /> for camel business<br /> development and to<br /> promote all aspects of<br /> the camel — its importance,<br /> skills of extension<br /> workers, inadequate<br /> training and research,<br /> Funding comes from<br /> donors, partners and<br /> Government.<br /> Kenya Camel Association<br /> P O Box 6067-00100<br /> Tel: +254202731975<br /> E-mail: kca@allpro.go.ke<br /> www.allpro.go.ke<br /> imported semen for the selection of bulls for<br /> its own semen production.<br /> Recent figures of the Livestock ministry<br /> show that the number of inseminations has<br /> increased considerably. Total inseminations<br /> by Government and private agents increased<br /> from 86,545 in 2003 to 149,883 in 2004,<br /> 161,808 in 2005 and 209,079 in 2006. In 2010,<br /> inseminatioins are estimated at 300,000. As<br /> at 2007, Kenya had more than 500 private<br /> AI service providers. The Government still<br /> maintains a few AI schemes in parts of the<br /> Rift Valley, Nyanza and Western Province.<br /> In the 2010-2011 Budget, money was allocated<br /> to hire 100 veterinary officers, 20 for<br /> each arid and semi-arid district. In addition,<br /> 180 cars will be distributed in the districts to<br /> enhance veterinary services.<br /> Bee keeping<br /> A 2007 study on apiculture in northern<br /> Kenya found that honey production is<br /> expanding in Kenya, but data on production<br /> trends, processing, and marketing is fragmented.<br /> Annual production is estimated at<br /> 700 metric tonnes (Moses Lengarite, Anastasia<br /> Kagunyu, and Francis Wayua). The arid<br /> and semi-arid lands yield only crudely processed<br /> honey for urban markets.<br /> Introduction of better technology hives can<br /> significantly improve the yields and quality<br /> of bee products. Local marketing systems<br /> should be strengthened through organisation<br /> of traders and bee-keepers. To enhance the<br /> market competitiveness, honey requires<br /> improved processing and quality assurances.<br /> To reduce costs, processed honey should be<br /> packaged in bulk using plastic jerry cans. To<br /> improve quality and price, traders should<br /> blend crude (and uniformly ripe) honey from<br /> sources with similar viscosity, colour, and</div> <div>Agriculture<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 300<br /> Machakos and Laikipia, with a<br /> harvest of up to 20 bags an acre.<br /> Njoro BW2 performs well in<br /> acidic soils in parts of Uasin Gishu<br /> and Nakuru districts. Njoro BW2<br /> produces 35 bags of wheat an acre.<br /> Other varieties are the ‘duma’ and<br /> chozi mainly grown in dry areas.<br /> They yield 19 bags an acre. Kenya<br /> heroe and yombi can produce up<br /> to 32 bags an acre. Most varieties<br /> are results of research by the Kenya<br /> Agricultural Research Institute<br /> (KARI).<br /> In Kenya, wheat is basically<br /> used for domestic and commercial<br /> baking. Among the products derived<br /> from wheat include ‘chapati’,<br /> ‘roti’, ‘mandazi’, doughnuts, cakes,<br /> biscuits, bread and confectionery.<br /> Wheat farm by-product (hay) is also<br /> widely used as animal feed.<br /> National Cereals and Produce Board<br /> (NCPB)<br /> The board offers services at its<br /> depots and silos countrywide. It procures,<br /> manages and markets grains.<br /> It provides farmers with high quality<br /> products and services at competitive<br /> prices.<br /> The commercial role of NCPB is<br /> grain trading. The board trades in<br /> maize, wheat, beans, rice, millet and<br /> sorghum. Other additional services<br /> include: Leasing out surplus<br /> facilities, grain drying, weighing,<br /> fumigation, grain cleaning, grading,<br /> warehousing, bagging at silos and<br /> clearing and forwarding.<br /> Since 2002, the Board has<br /> diversified into marketing<br /> agricultural inputs such as fertiliser<br /> and certified seeds. This is a<br /> strategy to enhance efficient cereal<br /> production through quality inputs.<br /> The Board procures, stores and<br /> maintains a Strategic Grain Reserve<br /> stock of up to four million bags on<br /> behalf of the Government for food<br /> security purposes.<br /> The Government has instructed<br /> NCPB to beef up the stock to<br /> eight million bags. NCPB has the<br /> capability to turn over the stock to<br /> commercial outlets when instructed<br /> by Government. The Board<br /> facilitates the procurement, storage,<br /> maintenance and distribution of<br /> famine relief food to deficit areas<br /> under the National Famine Relief<br /> Programme.<br /> NCPB offers services at its depots<br /> and silos. They include weighing,<br /> drying, pest control, clearing and<br /> forwarding, grading, spraying,<br /> conveying, bagging, warehousing,<br /> aeration of stored grains, grain<br /> cleaning, aflatoxin testing, loading<br /> and off-loading, sale of seedlings,<br /> space for sun drying and hire of<br /> tarpaulins.<br /> The Board holds storage<br /> capacities of more than 20 million<br /> bags of 90kg in conventional stores<br /> and silo bins. Some facilities are<br /> not fully used and are leased out to<br /> third parties. The rates vary from<br /> region to region, but are largely<br /> demand-driven. The facilities<br /> include offices, houses, canteens<br /> and undeveloped land. NCPB</div> <div>ods. While new media allow for<br /> richer histories to be saved, it also<br /> comes with greater issues for preservationists,<br /> one being copyright<br /> and the ethical concerns that go<br /> with it. For all intents and purposes,<br /> copyright does not exist in oral testimonies,<br /> at least not as clearly as in<br /> written documents.<br /> The early methods of recording<br /> sound included phonograph<br /> cylinders (a stylus would draw wax<br /> grooves on the outside of a cylinder),<br /> gramophone records (grooves<br /> on the flat side of a disk) and magnetic<br /> recordings. Today, reel-to-reel<br /> audio tape recordings are still used,<br /> but video recordings have become<br /> standard. This allows the researcher<br /> to take body language and facial<br /> expressions (important means<br /> of communication) into account.<br /> There is also an emerging trend to<br /> use the telephone to make audio<br /> journals when distance prevents<br /> face-to-face contact.<br /> To ensure the preservation of oral<br /> history, it is important that work<br /> is properly transcribed and stored<br /> on reliable media. It is important to<br /> preserve in digital format to ensure<br /> longevity and usability. The simplest<br /> and easiest way to record audio<br /> history is to on an MP3 player that<br /> has recording abilities, and records<br /> directly to the flash chip in the<br /> player. The files are then uploaded<br /> to a central computer server and<br /> copies can be burned to optical<br /> media, or copied to USB flash drives.<br /> A huge challenge of oral history<br /> preservation today is the battle<br /> with digital obsolescence. There<br /> is an obvious link between oral<br /> history preservation and digital<br /> preservation. Oral histories are often<br /> recorded on an assortment of tapes<br /> which are transferred to computerised<br /> or digitised formats to facilitate<br /> longevity.<br /> Oral history materials are often<br /> stored in archival repositories that<br /> facilitate preservation and longevity.<br /> The repositories are kept at the correct<br /> temperature to store materials<br /> and professionals ensure that the<br /> formats are kept up to date.<br /> In Oral literature in Africa, Ruth<br /> Finnegan says new studies in art<br /> have emerged to save oral literature<br /> and traditions. She cites musicologists,<br /> who are interested in oral<br /> music, songs and poetry and have<br /> provided much-needed creativity<br /> to emphasise the traditional rather<br /> than the new and topical by giving<br /> ideas of the great number of ephemeral<br /> and popular songs on themes of<br /> current interest.<br /> In Kenya, for instance, musicologists<br /> have taken a step in the<br /> right direction during schools and<br /> colleges music and drama festivals.<br /> They have ensured that oral<br /> traditions stay alive. Popular music<br /> troupes such as Zangalewa Dancers,<br /> Kayamba Afrika, Boys’ Choir,<br /> and artistes who sing traditional<br /> lyrics are able to keep the fire of oral<br /> tradition burning.<br /> Further, a increasing number<br /> of Kenyans are doing scholarly<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 105</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1094<br /> A golfing nation<br /> Kenya has about 40 golf<br /> courses — more than<br /> any other African country<br /> except South Africa.<br /> And the Kenyan climate<br /> could have been made<br /> specially for the game.<br /> In fact, Kenya has all the<br /> right ingredients to rival<br /> the Mediterranean as a<br /> winter golf destination.<br /> Young and gifted players<br /> are now competing<br /> internationally. Kenya’s<br /> magnificent golfing<br /> inheritance is a valuable<br /> commodity that can and<br /> should be marketed<br /> overseas. The country’s<br /> top courses have been<br /> refurbished or upgraded<br /> in recent years.<br /> www.buzzle.com<br /> winners. The private sector, including mobile<br /> phone company Safaricom, supermarket<br /> chain Nakumatt and Barclays Bank, have<br /> topped up the awards to hit highs of Sh1.5<br /> million ($18,750), Sh1.1 million (13,750)<br /> and Sh800,000 ($10,000) for gold, silver and<br /> bronze medallists respectively.<br /> Athletes are hosted to lavish State parties<br /> and promoted in the uniformed services —<br /> police, prisons and military. Gold medallists in<br /> Berlin — Linet Masai, Ezekiel Kemboi and Vivian<br /> Cheruiyot — have been given State honours<br /> — the Moran of Burning Spear (MBS),<br /> Disciplined Forces Division.<br /> Local authorities have not been left behind.<br /> The Kapsabet Municipal Council named<br /> streets after Pamela Jelimo and Wilfred Bungei,<br /> who won gold in Beijing, while the Kipchoge<br /> Keino Stadium in Eldoret is named after the<br /> two-time Olympic champion. The athletes<br /> also join delegations that market Kenya in<br /> Europe, Asia and the Americas. Tergat, Ngugi<br /> and Ndereba were some of the people behind<br /> Kenya’s successful bid for the World Cross<br /> Country held in Mombasa on March 24,<br /> 2007. The Government spent Sh350 million<br /> ($4.375 million) to host the IAAF event. A<br /> further Sh200 million ($25,000) was spent in<br /> the Africa Championships in Athletics in July-<br /> August.<br /> Big plans for athletics<br /> The Ministry of Youth and Sport has three<br /> flagship projects that will help to achieve the<br /> Government’s Vision 2030 strategy in sports.<br /> They are: A sports lottery, an international<br /> sports academy and 30 regional stadia. The<br /> lottery is the global trend in raising funds for<br /> training and international competitions. It<br /> will ease financial pressure on the Government,<br /> which has funded such projects. Plans</div> <div>K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> ix</div> <div>because they have been promulgated<br /> through Acts of Parliament. In<br /> addition, KEMRI has a disciplinary<br /> committee that ensures that the<br /> agency’s research complies with all<br /> requirements.<br /> Partnerships<br /> The Government and donors fund<br /> most research in Kenya. For example,<br /> Wellcome Trust of the UK, Centres<br /> for Disease Control and Prevention<br /> (US) and Walter Reed Army<br /> Institute of Research (US) fund the<br /> bulk of research programmes at<br /> KARI. The partnerships have contributed<br /> to the changing landscape<br /> of research in Kenya, and continue<br /> to play an important role in training<br /> local scientists.<br /> The programmes and projects<br /> have significant components<br /> designed to build individual and<br /> institutional national capacities in<br /> a variety of disciplines. One is the<br /> provision of postgraduate training to<br /> young scientists to doctoral level at<br /> local and overseas academic institutions.<br /> Collaboration between local<br /> research and foreign institutions<br /> is manifested in a strong movement<br /> towards regionalisation of<br /> sub-regional research coordinating<br /> organisations such as Biological Science<br /> for East and Central Africa.<br /> Research coordination at subregional<br /> and international level is<br /> to achieve economies of scale and<br /> scope, complement international<br /> research, improve research through<br /> peer review and quality control and<br /> improve coordination of research in<br /> donor-funded programmes.<br /> Strategies to improve research<br /> • Raise more funding for research<br /> • Lobby for more support from<br /> beneficiaries, especially in the<br /> agricultural sector<br /> • Reduce staff costs to enable<br /> researchers do effective work<br /> • Concentrate on the activities of<br /> highest priority<br /> • Adopt a programme of training<br /> and upgrading staff and modification<br /> of their terms of service so<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 895</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> Travel insurance<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1060<br /> SECTION OF COVER<br /> BENEFITS<br /> SECTION 1 Emergency medical expenses $100,000<br /> SECTION 1B Dental expenses $1,000<br /> SECTION 1C Outpatient prescription drugs $250<br /> Excess for outpatient treatment $50<br /> SECTION 2 AIG ASSIST<br /> SECTION 2A<br /> Assistance services<br /> Cash advances<br /> Consular referral<br /> Emergency travel & accommodation arrangements<br /> Transmission of urgent messages<br /> Assistance only<br /> Assistance only<br /> Assistance only<br /> Assistance only<br /> Return of mortal remains/Burial expenses<br /> Real Expense up<br /> SECTION 2B<br /> Medical expense<br /> Limit<br /> SECTION 2C Coffin expenses $1,000<br /> SECTION 2D<br /> SECTION 3<br /> Section 3A<br /> SECTION 3B<br /> SECTION 4<br /> SECTION 4A<br /> Medical evacuation, repatriation or transport to medical<br /> centre expenses<br /> CANCELLATION OR CURTAILMENT<br /> $100,000<br /> Cancellation $1,500<br /> Excess $500<br /> Curtailment $1,500<br /> Excess $500<br /> PERSONAL ACCIDENT<br /> Death $25,000<br /> Accumulation limit $100,000<br /> Any one life limit $100,000<br /> INBOUND COVER<br /> DAYS PREMIUM<br /> 1 to 7 days $30<br /> 8 to 14 days $50<br /> 15 to 21 days $70<br /> 22 to 28 days $90<br /> 29 to 35 days $110<br /> 36 to 42 days $130<br /> holders. More than 100 courses<br /> have been conducted and over<br /> 6,000 trainees graduated from the<br /> institution. A chief instructor heads<br /> the training wing. Under him are<br /> course officers, faculty commanders<br /> and non-commissioned instructors.<br /> They are the core instructors and<br /> are usually boosted by filed staff<br /> when the school has many trainees.</div> <div>Dec 2005<br /> Jan 2006<br /> May 2006<br /> Sep 2006<br /> Jul 2007<br /> Jun 2007<br /> –<br /> Apr 2008<br /> July 2008<br /> Sept 2008<br /> Nov 2008<br /> Dec 2008<br /> Jan/Feb<br /> 2009<br /> Feb-June<br /> 2009<br /> GOK/Development Partner<br /> Liaison Group meeting reaches<br /> agreement on reforms<br /> Inter-Ministerial Joint Reform<br /> Committee constituted, including<br /> representation from the<br /> European Union<br /> Stakeholder conference on<br /> road reforms held<br /> Parliament approves Sessional<br /> Paper No 5 on Development<br /> and Management of Roads for<br /> Sustained Economic Growth<br /> Kenya Roads Act 2007 enacted<br /> Interim Management<br /> Committee set up<br /> Road authorities’ boards<br /> appointed and secretariat<br /> constituted<br /> Recruitment advertisements<br /> commence<br /> Road authorities launched<br /> Chief executives recruited<br /> Chief executives start work<br /> Recruitment for general managers<br /> and managers done<br /> Recruitment of other support<br /> staff, procurement of vehicles<br /> and equipment<br /> In 2003, the Ministry of Transport<br /> improved the Traffic Act to ensure<br /> orderly and safe travel and motoring.<br /> It introduced mandatory installation<br /> of speed governors and seat<br /> belts, limits on loading capacity,<br /> identification and suitability tests<br /> for drivers of public service vehicles.<br /> It also demanded inspection and<br /> licensing of PSVs and uniforms for<br /> drivers and conductors.<br /> Government agencies charged<br /> with the responsibility of ensuring<br /> compliance with the regulations are<br /> the Motor Vehicle Inspection Unit<br /> and the Transport Licensing Board<br /> (TLB). The former’s mandate is to<br /> ensure that PSVs are mechanically<br /> sound and comply with safety standards.<br /> The latter issues PSV licences<br /> to operators, drivers and conductors<br /> and regularly inspects PSVs to<br /> ensure adherence.<br /> Implementation and enforcement<br /> of road safety regulations has had its<br /> challenges. Road safety requires the<br /> input of many players. The causes of<br /> road deaths and injuries have been<br /> identified as: 85 per cent human factors,<br /> 11 per cent vehicle condition<br /> and the environment four per cent.<br /> Kenya has a low motorisation level<br /> of an estimated 1.3 million vehicles<br /> — 60,000 are registered annually.<br /> Despite this, more than 13,000<br /> road traffic accidents occur annually,<br /> resulting in an average fatality<br /> of 2,600 and more than 11,000<br /> injuries. The socio-economic loss<br /> occasioned by accidents is a big<br /> drain on the economy, especially in<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 597</div> <div>Economy, IT and Communication Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 252<br /> collaborate to bring fibre connectivity<br /> to the region. Building a submarine<br /> cable on the eastern Africa<br /> seaboard was part of the plan But<br /> delays and shareholder disagreements<br /> compelled Kenya to opt for<br /> its own cable. TEAMS was launched<br /> as the contingency to guarantee<br /> connectivity in the shortest time<br /> possible.<br /> Connecting Kenya to a hub in<br /> Fujeirah, United Arab Emirates, the<br /> project brought together players<br /> from the private sector and Government<br /> and was completed in record<br /> time. It became the first cable to<br /> land in Kenya in June 2009. It was<br /> followed by SEACOM, a privately<br /> funded and more than three-quarter<br /> African-owned fibre link that aims<br /> to help communication carriers in<br /> South and East Africa.<br /> SEACOM will provide links<br /> between South Africa, Kenya and<br /> the world via fibre networks that<br /> pass through India and Europe. The<br /> EASSy fibre optic link landed in<br /> March 2010. Undersea fibre optic<br /> cable systems will provide African<br /> retail carriers with equal and open<br /> access to inexpensive bandwidth,<br /> removing the international infrastructure<br /> bottleneck and supporting<br /> east and southern African economic<br /> growth.<br /> One megabyte of bandwidth<br /> on satellite costs about $3,000<br /> (Sh240,000) and operators anticipate<br /> prices to be as low as $500<br /> (Sh40,000) in two or three years.<br /> Such dramatic drops in rates will<br /> boost adoption and use in business,<br /> Government and households,<br /> which are constrained by high costs<br /> for relatively low speeds.New businesses<br /> such as BPOs are expected<br /> to become viable revenue earners.</div> <div>Lake Baringo<br /> The water mass is 60km north of<br /> Nakuru town and is surrounded by<br /> a scenic rugged semi-desert landscape.<br /> Lake Baringo is saline and on<br /> the floor of the Rift Valley. The lake<br /> is another birdwatchers’ paradise,<br /> with more than 450 bird species<br /> and home to crocodiles and hippos.<br /> Activities at the lake include fishing,<br /> skiing, surfing and boat rides.<br /> Lake Bogoria<br /> This is another saline water mass<br /> near Lake Baringo. The lake’s<br /> primary attraction is a series of<br /> furiously erupting hot springs and<br /> flamingoes. The area surrounding<br /> the lake has a variety of birdlife: Fish<br /> eagles, pelicans, avocets and steppe<br /> eagles. Wildlife in the park includes<br /> buffaloes, hyenas, dik-dik and warthog.<br /> Lake Magadi<br /> It lies in a Rift Valley depression, a<br /> vast shallow pool of soda, sludge of<br /> alkaline water. It is the world’s second<br /> largest source of sodium carbonate.<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O OOK K 220 010 09<br /> 59</div> <div>Economy, Roads and Finance transport and Planning<br /> ANNEX 1: Road projects<br /> Construction<br /> PROJECT NAME<br /> LOCATION<br /> AWARD DATE<br /> Kisii-Chemosit (C21) Nyamira-<br /> 2/10/2001;<br /> Kadongo VO (E199, D222/<br /> D221)<br /> Nyamira 89 1,246,373,740.32 Addendum<br /> (25/07/2005)<br /> Bumala-Busonga-Port Victoria<br /> (C30/D251)<br /> Busia 48.2 1,037,068,118.40 14/12/2004<br /> 96 7,742,212,192.00 15/12/2004<br /> Kitui-Kangonde (B7) Kitui 45 1,019,817,184.90 17/12/2004<br /> Ruiri-Isiolo-Muriri Isiolo 57 1,449,831,592.65 19/05/2005<br /> Kabati-Kagundu-ini (C70) JN<br /> Mutheru-Mareira (D416/E518/ Murang’a 28.5 1,034,427,710.00 4/6/2006<br /> Jun C71)<br /> Mai Mahiu-Narok (B3)<br /> Naivasha/<br /> Narok<br /> 89.4 3,780,519,355.05 6/9/2006<br /> Embu-Mutunduri-Kianjokoma Embu 17.5 502,026,888.00 14/12/2006<br /> Garissa-Modika-Nuno (A3/C81) Garissa 20 782,214,113.58 14/12/2006<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> Owimbi-Luanda Kotieno (C28) Bondo 25 1,049,472,915.39 11/12/2006<br /> Ena-Ishiara (C92/ E789)<br /> Embu/<br /> Siakago<br /> 60 2,798,526,782.82 14/12/2006<br /> 40 784,242,687.20 30/11/2006<br /> Kisii-Kilgoris (C17)<br /> Kisii Central/<br /> South<br /> 74 1,873,743,671.81 27/09/2006<br /> Thogoto-Gikambura (D411) Kiambu 32 1,042,884,660.00 28/04/2006<br /> 598</div> <div>the bush to ensure privacy. The en<br /> suite bathrooms make them among<br /> the most beautiful appointed tents<br /> in Africa.<br /> A suspension bridge connects<br /> the guest tents with the dining room<br /> and bar. Well-trained chefs prepare<br /> fresh meals and the bar is wellstocked.<br /> In the evening, a fire is lit<br /> on the wide veranda in front of the<br /> dining room. Guests enjoy a ‘sun-<br /> downer’ before dinner and listen<br /> to the sounds of Africa’s birds and<br /> other creatures. (www.sekenanicamp.com)<br /> Il Ngwesi Eco-Lodge<br /> The award-winning lodge was built<br /> in 1996 on a rocky outcrop in a<br /> group ranch set aside for wildlife<br /> conservation. Made of local materials,<br /> it has an ‘open to the bush’<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1035</div> <div>Economy, Tourism and Finance Wildlife and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 998<br /> Money matters<br /> Visitors to Kenya should<br /> change foreign currency<br /> at banks, bureaux de<br /> change or authorised<br /> hotels. The easiest currencies<br /> to exchange are<br /> US dollars, pounds Sterling<br /> and euros. Travellers<br /> cheques are widely<br /> accepted, and many<br /> hotels, travel agencies,<br /> safari companies and<br /> restaurants accept credit<br /> cards. There are no restrictions<br /> on the amount<br /> of foreign currency<br /> brought to Kenya.<br /> Departure taxes can<br /> be paid in local or<br /> foreign currency. To take<br /> more than Sh500,000<br /> ($6,666) out of the<br /> country, authorisation is<br /> required from the Central<br /> Bank. Tipping is not<br /> mandatory in Kenya.<br /> www.tourism.go.ke<br /> return flight from Nairobi to Mombasa will<br /> cost about Sh11,000 ($137.5). Online booking<br /> is available. Check in is 45 minutes before<br /> departure for local flights and two hours for<br /> international ones.<br /> A low-cost airline, Fly540, flies from JKIA<br /> and offers scheduled connections to Mombasa,<br /> Malindi, Lamu, Kisumu and Masai<br /> Mara. Plans are afoot to extend the service<br /> to the East African region. A return flight to<br /> Mombasa from Nairobi will cost about $99.<br /> Online booking is possible. Another airline,<br /> Air Kenya, flies from Wilson Airport in Nairobi<br /> to Mombasa, Malindi, Lamu, Amboseli,<br /> Masai Mara, Meru, Nanyuki and Samburu.<br /> The lounge features a Dorman’s cafe.<br /> Check in can be done up to 15 minutes<br /> before departure. Wilson Airport is a major<br /> hub for local flights to the nature reserves in<br /> Kenya and to cities in neighbouring countries.<br /> The East African Safari Air flies from Nairobi<br /> to Malindi, Kisumu and Lokichoggio.<br /> Most charter tourists fly directly to the coastal<br /> airports of Mombasa or Malindi.<br /> Kenya has a network of long-distance bus<br /> lines. Speed is limited to 80km an hour. Local<br /> buses are run by private companies such<br /> as the green and yellow Citi Hoppa, which<br /> charges an inexpensive fee ($0.66).<br /> They have regular services in and out of<br /> the Nairobi city suburbs. They usually seat<br /> 20-35 passengers (no standing passengers<br /> allowed by law) and are cleaner and less<br /> hectic than matatus. Matatus are privately<br /> operated minibuses, typically for between<br /> 14 and 25 passengers, operating over short<br /> and medium distances. Matatus provide a<br /> cheap and quick method of transport in all<br /> the major towns and rural areas. The name<br /> matatu hails from the Kiswahili word tatu</div> <div>guri Teachers College from Koinange<br /> and the presidency of KAU<br /> from James Gichuru.<br /> The old and the young embraced<br /> Kenyatta’s message against European<br /> oppression. They decided to<br /> rebel against the colonisers. In one<br /> instance, Kenyatta asked women<br /> in Murang’a to revolt against forced<br /> labour. Yet those at the forefront in<br /> the struggle were not just politicians.<br /> Religion, culture and<br /> business<br /> Religious and cultural leaders in<br /> the reserves established their own<br /> denominations (including Dini Ya<br /> Msambwa and Dini ya Maria Ragot)<br /> that preached against European<br /> rule.<br /> Businessmen such as Oginga<br /> Odinga used his Luo Thrift and<br /> Trading Corporation to lobby<br /> against the colonial government. As<br /> a sign of contempt of British rule,<br /> some Kenyans named their dogs<br /> after the European settlers.<br /> The pressure intensified and<br /> the administration increased the<br /> number of Kenyans in LEGCO. In<br /> 1948, they were four: Mathu, Apolo<br /> Ohanga, … Odede and … Awori.<br /> Kenyatta was deliberately left out.<br /> Liberation war<br /> Racial segregation, land grabbing,<br /> political intolerance at the hands of<br /> European settlers, poverty and punitive<br /> taxes brewed a revolt that later<br /> changed the course of Kenya and<br /> hastened Independence. As settlers<br /> grabbed more land, the number of<br /> squatters increased and brewed<br /> resistance, leading to agitation for<br /> land.<br /> By 1947, groups of youths were<br /> taking oaths at the time that the word<br /> ‘Mau Mau’ appeared for the first time.<br /> Initially, the objective of the liberation<br /> movement was to reclaim land the<br /> settlers had grabbed. But later it took<br /> became political agitation for Kenya’s<br /> freedom. The colonial government<br /> responded with a State of Emergency<br /> on October 20, 1952.<br /> On the day, Kenyatta and 100<br /> prominent Kenyans were arrested<br /> in a clampdown on Mau Mau adherents.<br /> Kenyatta and freedom heroes<br /> Paul Ngei, Achieng’ Oneko, Bildad<br /> Kaggia, Fred Kubai and Kung’u Karumba<br /> were tried in Kapenguria, West<br /> Pokot, and found guilty of fanning<br /> hatred against Europeans through<br /> oaths and supporting an extremist<br /> group.<br /> They were jailed for seven years<br /> in harsh conditions in Lokitaung,<br /> Turkana District. The unfairness of<br /> the trial has been well documented.<br /> The prosecution and the Bench were<br /> bent on nailing the accused. The<br /> colonial government even bribed the<br /> key witness, Rawson Macharia, to lie<br /> against Kenyatta. The ignominy of<br /> the whole charade became evident<br /> when Macharia later disowned his<br /> false evidence.<br /> State of Emergency<br /> In declaring the Emergency, Secretary<br /> of State Oliver Lyttleton said:<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 27</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 530<br /> 1929 Nile Agreement<br /> The pact was between<br /> Egypt and Britain, which<br /> represented Uganda, Kenya,<br /> Tanganyika (Tanzania)<br /> and Sudan. It was concluded<br /> by an exchange of<br /> letters between the Egyptian<br /> Prime Minister and<br /> the British Ambassador<br /> in Egypt on May 7, 1929,<br /> in Cairo. It stated that no<br /> works would be done on<br /> the Nile, its tributaries<br /> and the lake basin that<br /> would reduce the volume<br /> of water reaching Egypt.<br /> It gave Egypt the right<br /> to inspect the length of<br /> the Nile up to the remote<br /> sources. The agreement<br /> allocated Egypt 55.5 billion<br /> cubic metres of water<br /> a year, and Sudan 18.5<br /> billion.<br /> The treaty bound eight<br /> other countries — Ethiopia,<br /> Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania,<br /> Uganda, Rwanda,<br /> Burundi and DR Congo,<br /> which were colonies<br /> save for Ethiopia. Sudan<br /> and Egypt renegotiated<br /> the agreement in 1956,<br /> resulting in a 1959 pact<br /> allowing the construction<br /> of the Aswan High Dam.<br /> But in May 2010, Rwanda,<br /> Ethiopia, Uganda and<br /> Tanzania signed a new<br /> treaty on the equitable<br /> sharing of the Nile waters<br /> despite strong opposition<br /> from Egypt and Sudan.<br /> http://works.bpress.com<br /> Quality<br /> The Government’s long-term objective is to<br /> ensure access to clean and portable water for<br /> all. But this is only possible if water resources<br /> are protected from pollution. In this regard,<br /> stream effluent discharge standards have been<br /> developed to manage discharges into water<br /> bodies.<br /> A water quality monitoring process and control<br /> inspection of potential pollution sources<br /> have been introduced. Factories and other<br /> waste water generating sources are required<br /> to incorporate treatment facilities in their<br /> designs.<br /> Water management institutions<br /> Water management includes dealing with<br /> treatment, industrial water, sewage or waste<br /> water, floods, irrigation and the water table.<br /> Kenya has several water management institutions:<br /> Water Resource Management Authority<br /> It is a State corporation under the Ministry<br /> of Water and Irrigation established under<br /> the Water Act and the lead agency in water<br /> resource management. Its duties are:<br /> • Water apportionment and allocation<br /> • Catchment protection and conservation<br /> • Water resource assessment and conservation<br /> • Delineation of catchment areas<br /> • Gazetting water protected areas<br /> • Protection of wetlands<br /> • Gazetting water schemes to be State and<br /> community-owned<br /> • Establishing catchment management strategies<br /> • Collecting water and effluent discharges<br /> For the Authority to achieve its responsibilities,<br /> the Water Act provides for decentralised</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 796<br /> Brands from the<br /> Kenya Wines Agency<br /> Brandy<br /> Aperitifs & Bitters<br /> Wines<br /> Whiskies<br /> Vodkas<br /> Liqueur Brandy<br /> Tequilas<br /> Rums<br /> Cognac<br /> Champagne<br /> English Gin<br /> Cane Spirits<br /> Ciders<br /> Liqueurs<br /> Vermouths<br /> Non-Alcoholic beverages<br /> Alcopops<br /> Syrups<br /> www.kwal.co.ke<br /> In 1985, testing services were offered and<br /> KEBS Coast office was opened. The Kisumu<br /> one followed in 1995. The same year, legal<br /> inspection was commissioned. In 2003, KEBS<br /> developed its first strategic plan and in 2005<br /> signed a performance contract with the Government.<br /> In the same year, pre-export verification<br /> of conformity was initiated.<br /> KEBS develops and enforces standards<br /> of industrial products to achieve production<br /> of goods and services that meet global<br /> demands. This enhances quality of products<br /> and improves access to local and international<br /> markets.<br /> KEBS enhances economic efficiency, international<br /> competitiveness and contributes to<br /> demand for a safe environment. It leads and<br /> promotes standards of the development process,<br /> ensuring competing interests are heard,<br /> their points of view considered and consensus<br /> reached.<br /> The functions of KEBS are to:<br /> • Promote standardisation in industry and<br /> commerce<br /> • Provide facilities for testing and calibration<br /> of instruments and scientific apparatus<br /> and determine their degree of accuracy or<br /> issue of certificates<br /> • Provide facilities for examination and testing<br /> of commodities, material or substance<br /> in which they may be manufactured, produced,<br /> processed or treated<br /> • Control the use of standardisation and<br /> distinctive marks<br /> • Prepare, frame, modify or amend specifications<br /> and codes of practice<br /> • Help the Government, local authority,<br /> public institution or person in the preparation<br /> and framing of specifications or codes<br /> of practice<br /> • Cooperate with the Government, repre-</div> <div>Economy, Water resources Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 562<br /> raw material. The other flourishing<br /> business is woodcarving, principally<br /> for the tourist market. Kenya exports<br /> various wood products — cork,<br /> wood carving, paper and wattle<br /> bark extract among others — to<br /> Sudan, DR Congo, Rwanda, South<br /> Africa, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia,<br /> Cameroon, Zimbabwe and Western<br /> Sahara. Others are Israel, Italy, England,<br /> Belgium, Norway and China.<br /> Indirect values<br /> They include catchment protection<br /> values of watershed forests and<br /> carbon sequestration. A reduction<br /> in forest cover implies an increase<br /> in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere<br /> and an increase in greenhouse<br /> effect. The carbon capacity of<br /> tropical forests has been estimated<br /> at 144 tonnes of carbon a hectare<br /> for above ground biomass and 66<br /> tonnes for soil and below ground<br /> biomass. The total forest area (2.3<br /> million hectares) has a capacity to<br /> sell 483 million tonnes of carbon<br /> equivalent in proto-carbon credits at<br /> $20 a tonne. This translates to Sh77<br /> billion ($962.5 million)<br /> Optional Values<br /> This is the value that people put on<br /> conserving forests, which would<br /> be forgone if they were destroyed.<br /> This can best be valued in terms of<br /> budgetary costs of managing forests,<br /> about Sh860 million ($10.75) a year.<br /> Laws on forests<br /> Forest Act<br /> The 2005 legislation was a turning<br /> point in the way forest resources are<br /> managed. It provides for the establishment,<br /> development and management<br /> of forest resources for the<br /> country’s socio-economic development.<br /> This is because forests stabilise<br /> soils and ground water, support<br /> reliable agricultural activity, protect<br /> water catchments and moderate<br /> climate by absorbing greenhouse<br /> gases.<br /> Wildlife Conservation and<br /> Management Act (Cap 376)<br /> It was adopted in 1976, but since<br /> then eight amendments and<br /> revisions have been done. The Act<br /> provides for the process of forest<br /> gazetting and de-gazetting, which<br /> requires parliamentary approval<br /> so the heightened level of decisionmaking<br /> and legitimacy of the whole<br /> process ensures no grabbing of<br /> protected areas.<br /> Agriculture Act (Cap 318)<br /> It promotes soil and water<br /> conservation and prevents the<br /> destruction of vegetation. It<br /> addresses the biggest threat to<br /> forest conservation — short-term<br /> shifting cultivation or the slash/<br /> burn agriculture, the main force<br /> behind forest degradation. Under<br /> the Act, the Minister can prohibit,<br /> regulate, control clearing of land for<br /> cultivation, grazing or watering of</div> <div>Disaster Economy, Special programmes management<br /> Finance and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 750<br /> enormous in human casualties<br /> and property. They also tested the<br /> effectiveness of the response systems.<br /> Several interventions followed<br /> — establishment of the Nakumatt/<br /> Molo fire Victims Fund and a management<br /> committee.<br /> When the fires broke out, the<br /> responses were timely and major<br /> response agencies took part.<br /> For the Nakumatt fire, Nairobi<br /> Fire Fighters were at the scene in 15<br /> minutes, while for Molo the General<br /> Service Unit personnel arrived even<br /> before the fire started.<br /> But the teams were overwhelmed<br /> and sought help from other<br /> response agencies — private and<br /> public. In the Nakumatt tragedy,<br /> 29 people died and one survived.<br /> At Sachangwan, 130 people died<br /> and 243 were treated in hospitals<br /> in Molo and Nakuru. A number<br /> of victims were airlifted to Nairobi<br /> hospitals the same day. On February<br /> 6 2009, President Kibaki established<br /> the Nakumatt/Molo Fire Victims<br /> Fund and a Fund Raising and<br /> Management Committee through<br /> Kenya Gazette Notice No. 1171. The<br /> objective was to provide help in paying<br /> medical bills and humanitarian<br /> assistance to the victims of the tragedies.<br /> The funds were donated by<br /> leaders, the private sector, the Public<br /> Service, civil society, development<br /> partners and well wishers.<br /> Committee’s achievements<br /> Its initial task was to establish the<br /> facts on the disaster. The members<br /> visited hospitals and the scene of the<br /> fire and met patients, doctors, volunteers<br /> and the Provincial Administration.<br /> Its next step was to raise funds<br /> for the victims.<br /> On February 19 2009, a fund raiser<br /> presided over by President Kibaki<br /> raised Sh80.7 million ($1.1 million)<br /> — 80 per cent by public servants,<br /> and the rest from private sector.<br /> The committee established other<br /> initiatives to get more money and<br /> Sh111.4 million ($1.13 million)<br /> had been raised as at April 2, 2009.<br /> Donations in medical supplies, food<br /> and volunteer services were worth<br /> about Sh20 million ($250,000).<br /> The committee gave Sh50,000<br /> ($625) each to the relatives of the<br /> victims to help in burial costs and<br /> other needs.<br /> Survivors who were in hospital for<br /> more than 15 days were also paid<br /> Sh50,000 each as did 300 others.<br /> In regard to the Nakumatt fire,<br /> Nakumatt Ltd paid the bills, including<br /> the cost of DNA tests and<br /> Sh100,000 ($1,250) for every victim<br /> that died. The money was collected<br /> by relatives.<br /> The committee resolved to build<br /> a memorial site where the accident<br /> took place and 78 people were buried<br /> in a mass grave. It also agreed to<br /> set aside funds to construct a Burns<br /> Unit at the Rift Valley Provincial<br /> General Hospital.<br /> Molo fire statistics<br /> Some 373 people were affected. Of<br /> these, 31 stayed long in hospital —</div> <div>Tourism and wildlife 29<br /> Tourism is Kenya’s top foreign exchange earner<br /> and the country a top tourist destination whose marketing<br /> has gone beyond the traditional sources in Europe to Asia<br /> and the Middle East<br /> 0 9<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 953</div> <div>(Kenya’s TV and Film Awards) for<br /> Best Riverwood Film. Other films in<br /> this genre include Simiyu Barasa’s<br /> Toto Millionaire and numerous<br /> vernacular films by actors such as<br /> Kihenjo and Machang’i<br /> Films such as Kibera Kid directed<br /> by Nathan Collett is a 12-minute<br /> shot covering crime and poverty<br /> in the slums of Kibera. The film<br /> received seven international awards<br /> and attention at various film festivals,<br /> including the Berlin Film<br /> Festival, and a Student EMMY in<br /> Hollywood. It has been profiled by<br /> BBC, Reuters and Al Jazeera.<br /> It is, however, the 1985 film,<br /> Out of Africa, adapted from Karen<br /> Blixen’s classic book that cemented<br /> the country’s place as the foremost<br /> film destination in Africa. Starring<br /> Meryl Streep and Robert Redford,<br /> the film won seven Academy Award<br /> awards, including Best Picture, Best<br /> Director, Best Cinematography and<br /> Best Music, Original Score. Other<br /> films include Born Free, Nowhere in<br /> Africa — a German film about Jewish<br /> refugees struggling to create a<br /> new life in wartime Kenya that won<br /> 14 international awards, including<br /> the 2003 Academy Award for Best<br /> Foreign Language film — and The<br /> Constant Gardener.<br /> Many award-winning wildlife<br /> television series have also been shot<br /> on location in Kenya by BBC Natural<br /> History, Discovery, Survival and<br /> other production houses. The Masai<br /> Mara is the backdrop for BBC’s<br /> popular Big Cat Diary, following<br /> the lives of the reserves predators.<br /> The third series of the hit international<br /> game show Survivor Africa<br /> was filmed in the Shaba Reserve in<br /> Kenya. For the producers, Kenya<br /> offered a perfect combination of<br /> beautiful locale, stunning wildlife<br /> and opportunity for adventure.<br /> In the past decade, Nairobi’s<br /> River Road, famous for its music<br /> industry, has given birth to a filmmaking<br /> niche similar to Nigeria’s<br /> Nollywood, now referred to as Riverwood.<br /> Riverwood has churned out<br /> Kibaara Kaugi’s Enough is Enough,<br /> The Race and Dawa Ya Deni. Simiyu<br /> Barasa and Robby Bresson joined<br /> the fray with Toto Millionaire and<br /> Help respectively.<br /> Riverwood has caught the attention<br /> of many broadcasters. So far,<br /> about five movies — Toto Millionaire,<br /> Help, Enough is Enough, Dawa<br /> Ya Deni and The Race — have been<br /> screened on M-Net’s Africa Magic<br /> channel. Locally, Citizen TV screens<br /> movies shot in Riverwood by local<br /> producers.<br /> The Government has made<br /> efforts to develop the industry. In<br /> 2005, it established the Kenya Film<br /> Commission to promote the industry<br /> and raise international interest<br /> from nvestors. It provides facilities<br /> for screening and filming and organises<br /> workshops to educate local<br /> film-makers. It advises on licensing<br /> and facilitates the filming process.<br /> The Commission has established<br /> a database for film directors, producers,<br /> agents, local talent, stake-<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 145</div> <div>Economy, Trade and Finance industryand Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 776<br /> (GSP). Kenyan goods enter the US,<br /> EU and other developed countries<br /> at lower tariffs, making them more<br /> attractive.<br /> AGOA<br /> The African Growth and Opportunity<br /> Act, contained in the US Trade<br /> and Development Act of 2000, promotes<br /> trade and economic cooperation<br /> between the US and eligible<br /> sub-Saharan Africa countries.<br /> AGOA aims to increase trade<br /> and investment between the US<br /> and sub-Saharan African countries<br /> by providing eligible nations with<br /> unprecedented liberal access to the<br /> US market. Essentially, all products<br /> have quota and duty free access to<br /> the nearly $10 trillion (Sh800 trillion)<br /> American market.<br /> AGOA promotes economic development<br /> and reform in sub-Saharan<br /> Africa, moving across a wide range<br /> of industries, granting benefits to<br /> entrepreneurs, farmers and families.<br /> It has increased access and opportunities<br /> for US investors and businesses<br /> in sub-Saharan Africa.<br /> Kenya was the first country to be</div> <div>The social security<br /> structure in Kenya<br /> Public schemes<br /> NSSF<br /> NHIF<br /> Civil Servants Pension<br /> Scheme<br /> Local Authorities Pension<br /> Trust<br /> Public Universities<br /> Superannuation Pension<br /> Fund<br /> Workmen’s Compensation<br /> Fund<br /> Widows & Orphans<br /> Compensation Fund<br /> Parliamentary Pensions Fund<br /> Occupational schemes<br /> Run by employers and<br /> underwritten by insurance<br /> companies<br /> Individual schemes<br /> Private schemes designed<br /> for the employed, selfemployed<br /> or those in nonpersonable<br /> employment<br /> www.rba.co.ke<br /> organisations and their respective federations.<br /> It also promotes expeditious dispute<br /> settlement.<br /> The Act merged the repealed Trade<br /> Unions Act and Trade Disputes Act. It sets<br /> out the procedure for application of registration<br /> and suspension and cancellation of<br /> registration of trade unions and employers’<br /> organisations. It stipulates who may become<br /> a member or official of a trade union or<br /> employers’ organisation.<br /> It introduces alternative dispute resolution<br /> through independent conciliators agreed<br /> upon by the parties. It empowers the minister<br /> to appoint conciliators and a Committee of<br /> Inquiry. The Act introduces urgent referral<br /> of cases to the Industrial Court concerning<br /> recognition of trade unions, redundancy,<br /> strikes and lockouts, and disputes in essential<br /> services.<br /> The period of notice for strikes and lockouts<br /> has been reduced to seven days. There<br /> is also provision for an aggrieved party to<br /> obtain a prohibition order to avert a strike or<br /> lockout.<br /> Occupational Safety and Health Act<br /> It repealed the Factories and Other Places<br /> of Work Act. The new law provides for the<br /> safety and health of workers at workplaces,<br /> including offices, schools, academic institutions<br /> and plantations. The law establishes<br /> codes of practices for use at workplaces.<br /> The law establishes the National Council<br /> for Occupational Safety and Health to replace<br /> the National Advisory Committee for Occupational<br /> Safety and Health. The Council will<br /> advise the minister on occupational death,<br /> injury and diseases. It provides for safety<br /> advisors who carry out audits. But it empowers<br /> the minister to exempt some workplaces<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 473</div> <div>Northern Kenya and regional development<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 1 0<br /> 946<br /> Film business<br /> And to break dependency on livestock,<br /> Isiolo and Kilifi will be transformed<br /> into resort cities. Isiolo has<br /> won international recognition with<br /> major films shot in the district. They<br /> include ‘Born Free’, ‘Out of Africa’,<br /> To Walk with the Lions’ and CBS TV<br /> blockbuster series, ‘Survivor Africa’.<br /> Isiolo is ideal for filming because<br /> of its proximity to Mt Kenya and its<br /> lush vegetation, providing breathtaking<br /> scenery and wildlife sanctuthe<br /> capacity of skilled manpower.<br /> To uplift the standards of education,<br /> the Government set aside Sh200<br /> million ($2.7 million) for 2009/10 to<br /> finance key projects — construction<br /> and equipping of seven boarding<br /> primary schools and three secondary<br /> schools.<br /> The Government has already<br /> established mobile schools in Isiolo<br /> and Garbatula to boost literacy<br /> and raise the number of students<br /> enrolling and completing secondary<br /> education. Two boarding schools<br /> have been established in Riongo in<br /> Baringo and Ngoora in West Pokot<br /> so that children from the nomadic<br /> communities can attend school.<br /> To promote education in marginalised<br /> areas, the ministry is in the<br /> process of establishing a National<br /> Commission on Nomadic Education,<br /> which will offer incentives to<br /> students from the region.<br /> To boost food security, the ministry<br /> plans to put an additional one<br /> million hectares in Tana and Athi<br /> River basins under cultivation. At<br /> the same time, the Government<br /> has established food security status<br /> in 28 drought-prone districts and<br /> targets to introduce short and long<br /> rain rapid food assessments in drier<br /> districts.<br /> To combat waterborne diseases<br /> in the affected districts, the ministry<br /> has started programmes to improve<br /> sanitation and hygiene for residents<br /> of Wajir. The number of households<br /> with access to safe and clean water<br /> has increased.<br /> In its four-year strategic plan, the<br /> ministry plans to set up two veterinary<br /> laboratories in each district<br /> to improve animal health services.<br /> The Government is also creating<br /> two disease-free zones in Galana<br /> and Isiolo. Because residents in arid<br /> and semi-arid areas depend solely<br /> on livestock, the ministry plans to<br /> support an insurance scheme to<br /> mitigate losses from drought and<br /> disease.<br /> To light up the northern corridor<br /> and attract investors, Sh100 million<br /> ($1.3 million) will be spent to<br /> develop independent electricity<br /> supply for new districts’ headquarters.<br /> Five locations have been identified<br /> for the project: Bute (Wajir<br /> North), Majalani (Ijara), Lokitaung<br /> (Turkana North), Laisamis and<br /> Chalbi (Marsabit).<br /> The face of northern Kenya will<br /> change when the construction of the<br /> 800km Garissa-Wajir-Hola, Rum-<br /> uruti-Maralal-and-Merti-Hadado-<br /> Moyale roads are completed.</div> <div>Economy, Sports and Finance Youth Affairs and Planning<br /> K E N Y A Y E A R B O O K 2 0 01 90<br /> 1114<br /> Golf courses<br /> Aberdare Country Club<br /> Air Force Golf Club<br /> Eldoret Club<br /> Gilgil Golf Club<br /> Kakamega Golf Club<br /> Karen Country Club<br /> Kericho Club<br /> Kiambu Club<br /> Kisii Sports Club<br /> Kitale Golf Club<br /> Leisure Lodge Beach &<br /> Golf Resort<br /> Limuru Country Club<br /> Machakos Golf Club<br /> Magadi Club<br /> Makuyu Club<br /> Malindi Golf & Country<br /> Club<br /> Molo Highlands Hotel<br /> Golf Course<br /> Mombasa Golf Club<br /> Mt Kenya Safari Club-<br /> Mumias Club<br /> www.golftoday.co.uk/kenya<br /> ships, while Kenyan clubs have the<br /> best record in the Africa Cup of Club<br /> Champions.<br /> At the club level, GSU Volleyball<br /> team is rated among the best teams<br /> in Africa, having taken the third and<br /> fifth positions in the African Cup of<br /> Clubs Champions Championship in<br /> Benin and Egypt in 2005 and 2009<br /> respectively.<br /> In Africa, the women team’s dominance<br /> is challenged by its main<br /> rival, Egypt, and other teams such as<br /> Algeria, Cameroon, Algeria, Nigeria,<br /> Senegal and Tunisia.<br /> The Federation is implementing<br /> youth and technical development<br /> programmes for coaches and referees,<br /> improving training and competition<br /> facilities, ensuring teams participate<br /> in youth, junior and senior<br /> competitions and encouraging playorganise<br /> volleyball competitions in<br /> the country and prepare different<br /> categories of national volleyball<br /> teams — youth, junior and senior<br /> players — and enter them for relevant<br /> competitions.<br /> For many years, Kenya has been<br /> the best-placed women’s volleyball<br /> teams in Africa at club and national<br /> levels.<br /> The country has won many times<br /> the senior category of the Africa<br /> Cup of Nations and the All Africa<br /> Games (twice). It has represented<br /> Africa several times at the Olympics,<br /> Wor
Remove